MLT ASCP BOARD EXAM LATEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS. GRADE A+, Exams of Nursing

Download MLT ASCP BOARD EXAM LATEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS. GRADE A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! MLT ASCP BOARD EXAM LATEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTIONS & CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES. GRADED A+ % retics - ANSRetics in 100 RBC / 10 1 unit or PRBC - ANSRaises hemoglobin 1g and hematocrit 3% 1, 25-(OH)2 - ANSActive form of vitamin D 25 OH - ANSMeasurement of V D A plastic anemia - ANSDecreased retics Hypocellular BM Absolute retics - ANS%retics x RbC Acanthocytes - ANSSpur cell Starfish Sever liver disease McLead syndrome ACD/CPD/CPD2 - ANS21 days Acetest - ANSConfirm ketones and specific for diacetic acid and acetone Acidic urine - ANSMetabolic/respiratory acidosis High protein diet Acinetobacter - ANSgram negative bacilli Oxidase negative acromegaly - ANSenlargement of the extremities Hyperglycemia and excess GH ACTH - ANSanterior pituitary Increase glucose Insulin antagonist ACTH - ANSStimulated by CRH and activates adrenal cortex to release cortisol aldosterone estrogen and testosterone Acute hep B infection - ANSHighly infectious HBsAg HBeAg Addison's disease - ANSDecreased sodium chloride cortisol aldosterone and hemoglobin Alder-Reilly anomaly i - ANSDarks large metachromatic cytoplasm is granules Aldosterone - ANSComes from the adrenal cortex and increases the rate of sodium reabsorption Aldosterone - ANSMaintains blood pressure promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion Increases while standing Alkaline urine - ANSRT and vegetarian ALP - ANSIncreased bone disorders pagets disease osteoblastic tumors rickets and hyperparathyroidism Increased growing children Alpha hemolytic - ANSpartial hemolysis Green Ammonium biurate crystals - ANSthorny apple appearance Alkaline Amorphous phosphates - ANSThis alkaline crystal is shapeless and resembles sand. Old urine Amorphous urates - ANSBrick dust/yellowish-brown granules, often in clumps in acidic urine Amount of H greatest to least - ANSO A2 B A1 A1B Amperometry - ANSMeasurement of the current flowing reactive protein - ANSAcute phase protein Inflammation CA 125 - ANSOvarian cancer CA 15-1 - ANSBreast cancer CA 19-9 - ANSPancreases cancer Cabot rings - ANSFigure 8 Mitotoic spindle Megaloblastic anemia Calcitonin - ANSInhibits bone reabsorption of calcium in other words decrease his calcium Calcium - ANSCombines with phosphate and bone controlled by three hormones PTH calcitonin and vitamin D calcium carbonate - ANSDumbbell Alkaline calcium oxalate - ANSmost common type of kidney stone Envelopes Antifreeze poisoning Cross Campylobacter growth condition - ANS42 Campylobacter jejuni - ANSSeagul 2-4 days growth Capnophiles - ANSCo2 is 5 to 10% CCFA - ANSC. difficile can grow on this media, where it produces yellow colonies: CEA - ANSColon breast lung cancer Chediak higashi disease - ANSGiant lysosomal granules in granulocytes monocytes and lymphocytes Infections and bleeding Chemistry results increase by hemolysis - ANSKLAMP k Ld ALD Mg PO4 Chloride - ANSAnion outside cell 98-106 Chocolate agar - ANSHave XNB factor for hemophilia is a neisseria species Cholesterol crystals - ANSAbnormal, found in nephrotic syndrome, lipiduria Flat plates with notched corners Stair case or blocked rectangles with notched corner Chronic hep B - ANSCarrier Anti HBc Chronic renal disease - ANSDecreased EPO ChronicDisease inflammation - ANSDecreased TIBC and serum iron Increase serum ferritin Microcytic Chylomicrons - ANSexogenous triglycerides from dietary fat Citrate test - ANSPositive blue CK-MB - ANSCardiac muscle Rises within 6 to 10 hours peaks within 24 hours and returns to normal 2 to 3 days Class A fire extinguisher - ANSWood and paper Class B fire extinguisher - ANSFlammable liquids Class C fire extinguisher - ANSelectrical fires Class D fire extinguisher - ANSReactive metals CLIA - ANSEnsure accuracy and reliability and timeliness of patient test results regarding of where test was performed Clinitest tablets - ANSGlucose and other reducing sugars Benedict's copper reduction Clostridium difficile - ANSCCFA Spore forming Gram positive anaerobe Clostridium perfringens - ANSGram positive anaerobe Double zone of hemolysis Gas gangrene Spores Clostridium tetani - ANSGram positive anaerobe Racquet shape tetanus Clot detection method - ANSPhoto optical Electromechanical Clue cells in urine - ANSSquamous epithelial with bacteria on them Bacterial vaginosis Coagulase negative staphylococci - ANSOpportunist and amino compromised hosts Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus saprophyticus Cold enrichment bacteria - ANSListeria monocytogenes Yersenia Compensatory for Metabolic acid dosis - ANSHyperventilation to decrease PCO2 Kidneys increase the excretion of H ions and reabsorbed bicarbonate Compensatory for metabolic alkalosis - ANSHypoventilation to increase retention of CO2 The kidneys decrease excretion of H ions and increased excretion of bicarbonate Compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis - ANSIncrease H iron excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption Compensatory mechanism for respiratory alkalosis - ANSDecrease H ion excretion Congestive of heart failure - ANSBNp increased Correction retics - ANSRetic % x hct / 45 potassium ammonia and hydrogen ions Potassium ions exchanged for sodium ions DNA viruses - ANSCMV EBV HBV Herps Poxvirus Varicella zoster Dohle bodies - ANSMay hagglin Hazy blue inclusion on NEUTROPHILS Dolichos biflorus - ANSAnti A1 lectin Dosage - ANSMNS Rh Kids Duffy Echinocyte - ANSBurr cell Small projections all around Uremia Pyruvate kinase deficiency EDTA in chemistry - ANSIncreases sodium and potassium decrease calcium EIA/ELISA - ANSSandwich technique HCG Elliptocyte - ANSHE Iron deficiency Thalassemia Enhanced by enzymes - ANSRh Kids Lewis I P1 Enterococcus - ANSgram positive cocci Bile esculon and 6.5 NaCl Group D Eosinophils - ANSRelative 0-3% Allergic response epiniephrine (adrenaline) - ANSAdrenal medulla Glycogenolysis Erythropoietin (EPO) - ANSComes from the kidneys and stimulates production of RBCs ESBL (extended spectrum beta- lactamase) - ANSReferring to a more resistant group of beta- lactamases that hydrolyze extended spectrum cephalosporins w/ an *oxyimino side chain* (abx ex: cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, aztreonam) Escherichia Klebsiella Escherichia coli - ANSIndole and lactose positive IMViC ++ - - UTI 0157:h7 Gram negative rods Estriol - ANSPregnancy Estrogens - ANSEstradiol metabolized by estrone Exposure control plan - ANSOSHA Extrinsic factors - ANSPT Ca Coumarin or Warferin 2 7 9 10 Exudate - ANSYellow inflammation Red bleeding Yellow brown bilirubin Milky green Greater SG protein glucose and cells Infections and malignancies Factor 1 - ANSFibrinogen Fasting glucose reference ranges for serum - ANS70to 99 mg/dL Ferritin - ANSIron storage Fibrinogen - ANS200-400 Fluorometry principle - ANSEnergy omission that occurs when certain compounds absorb electromagnetic radiation become excited and return to energy level is slightly lower than their original energy levels Forward scatter - ANSCell size FPIA (Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay) - ANSAdd reagent antibody and fluorescent tact antigen to patient serum Increase polarize light as a negative test decrease polarized light as a positive test Free coagulase - ANSGel test tube FSH - ANSFrom pituitary and stimulates testes for spermatogsndsis Gamma hemolytic - ANSno hemolysis Gardnerella vaginalis - ANSClue cells are associated with which organism that causes vaginal discharge 48 hours on BAP tiny Catalase and oxidase negative Hippurate and starch positive Grab positive rod Gastric fluids - ANSHCL and pepsin GFR - ANSAmount of blood filtered of a particular substance in a given time Assed by creatine clearance GGT - ANSSignificant for liver disease and increased after alcohol intake GH - ANSanterior pituitary Increase glucose Insulin antagonist Glanzmann - ANSAbnormal aggregation All agents decreased Glomerulus - ANSFiltrate water glucose electrolytes amino acids urea iron acid creatinine and ammonia Glucagon - ANSProduced by the pancreas that increase glucose and stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose Glucocorticoids adrenal cortex - ANSCortisol Gluconeogenesis - ANSformation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources Glycogen - ANSStorage form of glucose Glycogenolysis - ANSbreakdown of glycogen to glucose GnRH - ANSFrom the - ANSAlpha and gamma globlin chains Hemoglobin Reference range - ANSMales 14-18 Females 12-16 Hep c infection - ANSAnti HcV Hepatic jaundice - ANSIncrease everything Hepatitis - ANSIncreased AST ALT GGT and Bilirubin Hexokinase - ANSglucose + ATP --> glucose-6-phosphate + ADP G6p + napd —> NADPH Hgb c crystal - ANSHexagonal dense hgb with RBC membrane Hgb sc crystal - ANSFinger like or quartz like dense hemoglobin protruding from the RBC membrane Histogram of red cells - ANSRelative number of cells versus MCV Microcytic is a left shift Macrocytic is right shift Hodgkin lymphoma - ANSReed stern berg cell Howell jolly body - ANSDNA just one on RBC Post removal of spleen Megaloblastic anemia Hemolytic anemia Hyper-segmented neutrophils - ANSMegaloblastic anemia B12 and folate deficiency Hyperammonemia - ANSReyes syndromes Liver disease Viral hepatitis Hypercalcemia - ANSHyperparathyroidism cancer with the bone multiple myeloma renal failure Hyperkalemia - ANSIncreased potassium seen in diabetic acidosis intravascular hemolysis severe burns renal failure and Addison's disease Hypernatremia - ANSIncreased sodium seen in Cushing syndrome dehydration hyperaldosteronism insulin treatment of uncontrolled diabetes Hypocalcemia - ANSDecrease in vitamin D hypo parathyroidism Hypochloremia - ANSDecreased chloride seen in diabetic acidosis Chronic pyelonephritis Prolonged vomiting Hypokalemia - ANSDecreased potassium scene in Cushing syndrome alkalosis decreased renal reabsorption Hyponatremia - ANSDecrease sodium in diabetic acidosis diarrhea Addison's disease renal tubular disease I, i antibody - ANSi converts to I as infant matures Icotest - ANSBilirubin IgA antibodies - ANSSevere transfusion allergic reaction Anaphylactic IgE antibodies - ANSMild Allergic reactions IgG antibodies - ANSRh group K Duffy Jk IgM antibodies - ANSI H MN P1 Lewis Immunofluorescence direct - ANSAdd florescence labeled anti- body to patient tissue wash and examined under fluorescent microscope Immunofluorescence indirect - ANSAdd patient serum to reagent wash add florescence label to anti-globulin wash and examined under microscope IMViC -/-/+/+ - ANSEnterobacter IMViC +/-/+/+ - ANSKlebsiella oxytoca IMViC +/+/-/- - ANSE.coli Morganella Increase BUN - ANSImpaired renal function High protein diet Increase ESR - ANSGreater than 20 Increase plasma proteins Tilting tube Increase temp Standing to long Excess EDTA Increase in urobilinogen - ANSLiver damage and hemolytic disease Increase LD - ANSMI Liver disease muscle trauma renal infarct hemolytic disease PA Increase MCV Increase MCHC (37) Decrease RBC - ANSCold agglutinate Increase serum glucose - ANSGag Chet Glucagon ACTH GH Cortisol HPL Epinephrine T 34 Increase uric acid - ANSGout renal failure leukemia and chemotherapy treatment And product of purine metabolism Increase urine protein - ANSRenal abnormality of glomerulus Strenuous exercise Increased amylase - ANSPancreatitis and obstruction to pancreas ducts Increased in urine when at RT - ANSNitrite from bacterial growth Alkaline pH increases Turbidity Increased phosphorus - ANSHypo parathyroidism chronic renal failure Selective e Macro-ovalocyte - ANSMegaloblastic anemia Magnesium - ANSIncreased renal failure decrease in cardiac disorders diabetes and diuretics May hagglin - ANSDohle bodies Thrombocytopenia with stress platelets Myeloproliferation MCH - ANS28-32 pg Hgb/rbc x 10 MCHC - ANS32-36% Hgb/ hct x 100 MCV - ANS800-100 Hct/rbc x 10 Megaloblastic - ANSB12 deficiency Folate deficiency Marcrocytic Metabolic acidosis - ANSAll arrows decreased Seen in diabetic keto acidosis renal disease prolonged diarrhea late salicylate poisoning Metabolic alkalosis - ANSAll arrows are up Vomiting potassium depletion diuretic therapy and Cushing's syndrome Microaerophiles - ANSO2 8-10% Microbiology humidity - ANS50 to 70% Microcytic because of globin - ANSThalassemia Hemoglobin E Microcytic because of heme - ANSIron deficiency Sideroblastic I disease of inflammation mineral corticoids adrenal cortex - ANSAldosterone Mono sodium urate crystal in synovial fluid - ANSGout Monochromator - ANSFilter and diffraction grading or prism Monocyte - ANSRelative 3-10% Moraxella - ANSgram negative cocci Oxidase positive DNAse positive Most immunogenicity antigen - ANSD Mycobacterium - ANSHigh lipid contents Mycolic acid LJ Tween 80 3-6 weeks Mycobacterium avium complex - ANSNon pigment in LJ Mycobacterium leprae - ANSHansen's disease (leprosy) Armadillo foot pads Mycobacterium tuberculosis - ANSCauliflower on LJ MDR variants Mycoplasma pneumoniae - ANSwalking pneumonia Myoglobin - ANSAm I peaks within 4 to 10 hours and returns to normal within 24 hours Myoglobinuria - ANSMuscle destruction NAD - ANSV factor Neisseria - ANSgram negative cocci Diplococci Oxidase positive Neisseria gonorrhoeae - ANSFermented glucose Gram negative oxidase positive Thayer Martin 48 hour growth Neisseria meningitidis - ANSGram negative oxidase positive Fermented glucose and maltose Thayer Martin Children under 3 Nephelometry - ANSInsoluble complexes Why is pass-through suspension scattered light absorbance is proportional to the number of insoluble complexes compared to standards Antibody concentration Nephelometry - ANSMeasures light that is scattered by small particles at right angles to the beam incident to the cuvette Amount of scatter is related to the number and size of the particles Nephron - ANSMajor function unit of kidney containing glomerulus and renal tubes Neutrophils reference range - ANSRelative 45-70% Bacteria Nitrate - ANSPositive pink and confirmed with zinc Nitrite in urine - ANSBacterial infection (UTI) Diazo compound to pink color No urobilinogen in urine - ANSBile duct obstruction Non lattice - ANSMore sensitive immunoassays nephelometry Non megaloblastic - ANSMacrocyclic Liver disease Target cells Normal acidic crystals - ANSAmorphous urates Utica acid Calcium oxalate Normal alkaline crystals - ANSAmorphous phosphates Triple phosphate Ammonium biurate Calcium carbonate Normal CSF glucose - ANS60-70% of the blood glucose 2/3 Normal CSF protien - ANS15-45 ONPG - ANSPositive yellow Osmometry - ANSMeasure of total number of dissolved particles in a solution Ouchterlony - ANSAntibodies added to pre-cut wells in center T4 and T3 increased TSH Primary immune response - ANSIgM Primary thyroid disorders - ANSOrgan problem Procalcitonin - ANSConverts to calcitonin which causes the decrease of blood calcium protein electrophoresis - ANSAbby albumin is attracted to Andy and Nerd because of his positive attitude Albumin alpha-1 Alpha 2 Beta Gamma Prothrombin factors - ANS2 7 9 10 VK Proximal tubules - ANSReabsorb water sodium chloride bicarbonate potassium calcium amino acid phosphate protein and glucose Glucose has a threshold substance it's reabsorbed at 160 to 1 80 mg/dL or less Secretes hydrogen ions Prussian blue - ANSIron Pseudomonas aeruginosa - ANSOxidizer not fermenter Oxidase positive Pigment production Swimmer ear Eye infection UTI Gram negative PT RR - ANS1 2 5 7 10 Less than 13 sec PTH - ANSIncreased calcium PV - ANSJak 2 mutation Pyuria - ANSpresence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection Rapid growers - ANSGrowth less than 7 days M. Fortuitum M. Chelonei RBC RR - ANSMales 4.5-6.1 x 10^6 Females 3.8-5.2 x 10^6 RDW - ANS11-14% Recent acute hepatitis A infection - ANSAnti HaV Red Cell cast - ANSIndicates bleeding from nephron and glomerular dysfunction Orange red color and diagnostic of intrinsic renal disease Renin - ANSProduced in the kidneys And decrease in cons Respiratory acidosis - ANSIncreased PCO2 and increased bicarbonate and CO2 but decreased PH Seen in pneumonia rebreathing air emphysema Respiratory alkalosis - ANSIncrease pH and bicarbonate but decreased PCO2 and CO2 Seen in hyperventilation and early salicylate poisoning Retics - ANSSeen with super vital stain Increase in hemolytic anemia blood loss and therapy rheumatoid arthritis - ANSIgG Fc RA factor Rickets - ANSChildren's softening of bones Rickettsiae - ANSParasites Ticks Weil Felix test Right shift - ANSIncreased CO2 Decreased pH Increased two, three DPG Rosette - ANSScreening for fetal hemorrhage RPR - ANSCharcoal for syphilis More sensitive but Les specific Rule of 3 - ANSHgb x3 = hct Rule of 3 not fitting consider - ANSClots Cold agglutination Lipemic icteric hemolyzed Poikilocytosis Salmonella - ANSH2s Lysine positive Indole and urea negative Gram negative rod Scotochromogens - ANSproduce pigment in light or dark Secondary fibrinolysis - ANSDecrease plt RBC fragments Positive Ddimer Abnormal PT and APTT FDP positive Secondary immune response - ANSIgG Secondary thyroid disorders - ANSPituitary problem Sensitivity - ANSTP/ TP + FN x 100 Serratia - ANSgram negative bacilli Bright red VP and DNAse positive Sex hormones adrenal cortex - ANSAndrogens and estrogens SG - ANS1.002 - 1.035 Increase with glucose and radioactive dyes Shigella - ANSgram negative rod Lactose negative Non motile K/A HE Shistocytes - ANSRBC fragments DIC Hemolytic anemia Side scatter - ANSInterior cell structure Sideroblastic anemia - ANSIron overload Sodium - ANS135-145 Cation Specificity - ANSTN / TN + FP x 100 Sperm RR - ANSVolume 2-5 ml 20-250 Spherocytes - ANSHS Increase MCHC ABO HDN Immune hemolytic anemia Staphylococcus - ANSGram-positive cocci Catalase positive Oxidase negative Staphylococcus aureus - ANSCoagulase positive most are beta lactamase positive many are MRSA Skcalded skin syndrome and phosphate - ANScoffin lid Alkaline Troponin - ANSBest diagnosis of AMI Risers 48 hours after peaks approximately 12 to 14 hours and remains elevated for 10 days TSH - ANSComes from the thyroid and stimulates T4 and T3 TSI A/A - ANSYellow all sugars fermented SEEK serratia Escherichia Enterobacter Klebsiella TSI A/A H2S - ANSAll sugars fermented CAP Citrobacter proteus TSI K/A - ANSOnly ferment glucose Shigella Citrobacter Providencia Proteus Yersinia SKIPPY TSI K/A H2S - ANSOnly glucose fermented CASE Citrobacter Salmonella Edwardsiella TSI K/K - ANSPseudomonas Turbidimetry - ANSMeasures the amount of light blocked by particulate matter as light passes through the cuvette by color meter or spectrophotometer Type 1 DM - ANSInsulin dependent because body struggles to provide it Type 1 hypersensitivity - ANSAnaphylactic Immediate Type 2 DM - ANSInsulin resistant because pancreases is over worked Type 2 hypersensitivity - ANSAntibody depending cytotoxicity Transfusion reactions Hashimotos Good pasture Type 3 hypersensitivity - ANSImmune complex Rheumatoid arthritis SLE Type 4 hyper sensitivity - ANSDelayed Monocytes and lymphocytes Tyrosine - ANSFine delicate needles Abnormal Liver disease with leucine crystals Ulex europaeus - ANSAnti H lectin Uncleared red cell WBC correction - ANSWbc X 100 / 100+NRBC Urea - ANSnonprotein nitrogenous substance produced as a result of protein metabolism Urease - ANSRed to pink uric acid crystals - ANSGout Rhomboid or diamond shaped Urine ammonia Oder - ANSOld Urine bilirubin strip - ANSDiasonium strip to purple Disappear with VC and light Urine blood strip - ANSPeroxidase can disappear with vitamin C Myoglobin Urine casts - ANSFormed in the lumen of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct Urine fruity Oder - ANSKetones Urine glucose strip - ANSThreshold 160-180 Glucose oxidase with peroxidase to produce hydrogen peroxide and glycolic acid Urine ketones strip - ANSSodium nitroprusside + ketones is purple Diacetic acid (acetoacetste) Acetone Urine leukocytes - ANSLeukocyte esterase Purple color Urine mousy Oder - ANSPKU Urine oval fat bodies - ANSRefractile droplets Nephrotic syndrome Maltese cross Sudan 3 or oil red Urine protein strip - ANSAlbumin Yellow to green False positive if alkaline Urine renal tubular cells - ANSMost significant Round eccentric nucleus Tubular necrosis Renal tubules Urine transitional cells - ANSRound pear central nucleus and swell Renal carcinoma Urine urobilinogen - ANSEhrlich reaction with para dimethylaminibenzaldehyde to pink Urochrome - ANSColor of urine Vaccine immunity to hep B - ANSAnti HBs Vancomycin - ANSInhibit cell wall synthesis and choice for C. Diff MRSA VDRL - ANSSyphilis CSF screening but can be positive for malaria Vibrio cholerae - ANSgram negative curved rod Polar flagella Rice water VLDL - ANSendogenous triglycerides TG/5 Voges- Proskauer Test - ANSPositive pink Von Willebrands - ANSAbnormal adhesion Decrease ristocetin Abnormal VWF WBC reference range - ANS5000-10000 Weak D - ANSNegative immediate spin and positive AHG Weak D donor - ANSMust be labeled Rh positive Weak D patient - ANSReceives D negative