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MN 551 Midterm Exam Questions with Verified Correct Answers Latest Update 2023-2024 Which of the following individuals would be considered to be at risk for the development of edema? - ANSWER-An 81-year-old man with right-sided heart failure and hypothyroidism The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? - ANSWER-Products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
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Which of the following individuals would be considered to be at risk for the development of edema? - ANSWER-An 81-year-old man with right-sided heart failure and hypothyroidism The family of a 68 - year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? - ANSWER-Products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia Which of the following statements best conveys an aspect of the respiratory pressures that govern ventilation? Question options: - ANSWER-Negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs against the chest wall Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old girl developed scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As part of her diagnostic workup, blood work was performed. Which of the following results is most likely to be considered unexpected by the health care team? – ANSWER- Increased thrombopoietin levels Which of the following situations related to the transition from fetal to perinatal circulation would be most likely to necessitate medical intervention? - ANSWER-Pulmonary vascular resistance, related to muscle regression in the pulmonary arteries, rises over the course of the infant's
first week. At which of the following locations in the nephron would a nurse practitioner first expect blood to be largely free of plasma proteins? - ANSWER-Bowman Space A 51 - year-old female patient who is 2 days postoperative on a surgical unit of a hospital is at risk for developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which of the following teaching points by her nurse practitioner is most appropriate? Question options: - ANSWER-"You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand as much as possible while you're in bed." A 66 - year-old patient's echocardiogram reveals a hypertrophied left ventricle, normal chamber volume, and a normal ejection fraction from the heart. What is this patient's most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER-Aortic valve stenosis
A couple who are expecting their first child have been advised by friends to consider harvesting umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of stem cells. The couple have approached their nurse practitioner with this request and are seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable and what they might expect to gain from harvesting them. How can the nurse practitioner best respond to the couple's inquiry? - ANSWER-"Stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the entire blood production system." A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different genes, neither of which could have produced the trait independently. Which of the following explanations best captures the genetic explanation for this?
eventually result, but not as a direct or immediate consequence. An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive heart failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the patient has positioned her sitting up at an angle in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous distention a useful indicator for the assessment of the patient's condition? - ANSWER-Blood backs up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of entry into the heart. Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an infective agent that has a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates readily in broth and on agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed to crystal violet. This pneumonia is most likely: - ANSWER- Bacterial A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an industrial accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the following phenomena may underlie the genetic changes that have been noted in the patient? - ANSWER-Base pairs may have been rearranged by the radiation exposure. A child has been diagnosed with thalassemia. Which of the following other health problems is the child at risk for? - ANSWER- Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the greatest increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly? - ANSWER-A woman who has herpes simplex and recently recovered from endocarditis Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk of developing the prerenal form of acute renal failure? - ANSWER-A 22- year-old male who has lost a large amount of blood following a workplace injury As part of the diagnostic workup for a male patient with a complex history of cardiovascular disease, the care team has identified the need for a record of the electrical activity of his heart, insight into the metabolism of his myocardium, and physical measurements, and imaging of his heart. Which of the following series of tests is most likely to provide the needed data for his diagnosis and care? - ANSWER-Echocardiogram, PET scan, ECG A female patient is requiring supplementary oxygen by facemask due to her reduced lung compliance. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to be a contributor to her low lung compliance? - ANSWER- Her thoracic cage is less flexible than when she was healthy. A 77 - year-old female with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is experiencing impaired gas exchange and CO2 retention, despite a rapid respiratory rate. Which of the following phenomena would her care team most realistically anticipate? - ANSWER-Her kidneys will adapt with an increase in plasma HCO3- and her pH will decrease. A nurse practitioner is performing patient teaching about the influenza virus with each patient who has come to the clinic to receive that year's vaccine. Which of the following statements by patients best reflects an
accurate understanding of the flu virus? - ANSWER-"I could come down with viral or bacterial pneumonia as a result of a bad flu bug." A patient is experiencing impaired circulation secondary to increased systemic arterial pressure. Which of the following statements is the most relevant phenomenon? - ANSWER-High afterload because of backpressure against the left ventricle Neutrophils - ANSWER-A patient presented to the emergency department of the hospital with a swollen, reddened, painful leg wound and has been diagnosed with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cellulitis. The patient's nurse practitioner has ordered a complete blood count and white cell differential. Which of the following blood components would the nurse practitioner most likely anticipate to be elevated? The nurse practitioner is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, and he notes that the patient's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse practitioner recalls that jaundice is caused by excess accumulation of bilirubin, a pigment that can accumulate in which part of the cell? - ANSWER-Cytoplasm
A patient who has a diagnosis of lung cancer is scheduled to begin radiation treatment. The NP providing pretreatment education is explaining some of the potential unwanted effects of the treatment. Which of the following statements by the nurse is most accurate? - ANSWER- "Some patients experience longer-term irritation of skin adjacent to the treatment site." "My baby could become infected either across the placenta or during the birth itself." - ANSWER-A nurse practitioner is providing prenatal care and education for a first-time expectant mother, 22 weeks' gestation, who has a diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection. Which of the following statements by the expectant mother demonstrates an adequate understanding of vertical disease transmission and congenital infections? A 55-year-old male who is beginning to take a statin drug for his hypercholesterolemia is discussing cholesterol and its role in health and illness with his nurse practitioner. Which of the following aspects of hyperlipidemia would the nurse practitioner most likely take into account when teaching the patient? - ANSWER-Cholesterol is a metabolic waste product that the liver is responsible for clearing. A 71-year-old woman is dependent on oxygen therapy and bronchodilators due to her diagnosis of emphysema. Which of the following processes would her care team be most justified in ruling out? - ANSWER-In lung pathology such as emphysema, large amounts of air are trapped at the end of a given breath, a situation that corresponds to increased residual volume and decreased vital capacity. Elastic recoil would tend to suffer, and both alveolar and anatomical dead space consequently increase. A 34-year-old male patient has diagnoses of liver failure, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy secondary to alcohol abuse. The patient's family is questioning the care team about why his abdomen is so large even though
he is undernourished and emaciated. Which of the following statements most accurately underlies the explanation that a member of the care team would provide to the family? - ANSWER-The normally small transcellular fluid compartment, or third space, is becoming enlarged. Which of the following data would a clinician consider to be most indicative of acute renal failure? - ANSWER-Increased nitrogenous waste levels, decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Which of the following patients are NOT displaying known risk factors for the development of pulmonary emboli? - ANSWER-A patient who is immobilized following orthopedic surgery Postsurgical immobility, smoking, and the use of oral contraceptives are all identified risk factors for the development of pulmonary emboli. Impaired Cl- and Na+ regulation are associated with cystic fibrosis, while amiodarone and radiation therapy are linked to interstitial lung diseases. Which of the following assessment findings in a newly admitted 30 - year-old male patient would be most likely to cause his nurse practitioner to suspect polyarteritis nodosa? - ANSWER-The man's blood pressure is 178/102 and he has abnormal liver function tests.
The lymph nodes involved are located in a large number of locations in the lymphatic system. - ANSWER-A 60 - year-old woman is suspected of having non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Which of the following aspects of her condition would help to rule out Hodgkin lymphoma? A male patient of a nurse practitioner has an autosomal dominant disorder. The patient and his partner are considering starting a family. Which of the patient's following statements indicates the patient has an adequate understanding of the genetic basis of this health problem? - ANSWER-"I know that a single mutant allele is to blame for the health problem." A 51 - year-old woman diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) five months prior is distressed that she has had several recent episodes of urinary incontinence. She has asked her nurse practitioner why this is the case. Which of the following statements best captures the facts that would underlie the nurse's response to the patient? - ANSWER-She may be unable to sense her bladder filling as a result of her MS. A 66 - year-old male presents to the emergency department accompanied by his wife who claims that he has been acting confused. The man is complaining of a sudden onset of severe weakness and malaise and has a dry cough and diarrhea. His temperature is 102.8°F and his blood work indicates his sodium level is 126 mEq/L (normal is 135 to 145 mEq/L). What will be the assessing nurse practitioner's most likely suspicion? - ANSWER-Legionnaire disease Confusion, dry cough, diarrhea, and hyponatremia are associated with Legionnaire disease and less so with bronchopneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumonia, or pneumococcal pneumonia. A 6 - year-old boy has been brought to the emergency department by ambulance after his mother discovered that his heart rate was "so fast I couldn't even count it." The child was determined to be in atrial flutter and
his mother is seeking an explanation from the health care team. Which of the following points should underlie an explanation to the mother? - ANSWER-The child is experiencing a reentry rhythm in his right atrium. "Inflammation helps your body to produce the right antibodies to fight the infection." - ANSWER-A 23 - year-old man has received a recent diagnosis of appendicitis following 24 hours of acute abdominal pain. The nurse practitioner providing care for the man is explaining that while it is unpleasant, the inflammation of his appendix is playing a role in his body's fight against the underlying infectious process. Which of the following teaching points should the nurse practitioner eliminate from his teaching for the patient? A group of researchers has identified that the prevalence of two particular genetic disorders share a statistical correlation. Which of the following statements best conveys the genetic rationale for this situation? - ANSWER- The genes causing each disorder are likely in the same section of the same chromosome. "Interferon can bolster your father's immune system by stimulating natural killer cells that attack viruses." - ANSWER-A 60-year-old male patient with an acute viral infection is receiving interferon therapy. The nurse practitioner is teaching the family of the patient about the diverse actions of the treatment and the ways that it differs from other anti-infective therapies. Which of the following teaching points should the nurse practitioner exclude?
The NP is working with a family whose daughter has been recently diagnosed with the chromosomal disorder Turner syndrome. The NP would recognize that which of the following statements about the characteristics of human chromosomes is accurate? - ANSWER-Autosomes contain the determination of an individual's sex. A 77-year-old female hospital patient has contracted Clostridium difficile during her stay and is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which of the following statements best conveys a risk that this woman faces? - ANSWER-She is susceptible to isotonic fluid volume deficit and hypernatremia as a result of water losses. A 68-year-old male complains to his nurse practitioner that when he tests his blood pressure using a machine at his pharmacy, his heart rate is nearly always very low. At other times, he feels that his heart is racing, and it also seems to pause at times. The man has also occasionally had lightheadedness and a recent syncopal episode. What is this patient's most likely diagnosis and the phenomenon underlying it? - ANSWER-Sick sinus syndrome as a result of a disease of his sinus node and atrial or junctional arrhythmias Following a winter power outage, a patient who had been using a home gasoline generator began to experience dizziness and headaches and was diagnosed with carbon monoxide poisoning. What is the goal of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning? - ANSWER- To increase the amount of oxygen dissolved in plasma An 87-year-old male resident of an assisted living facility has been consistently continent of urine until the last several weeks. Which of the following actions by the care providers at the facility is the most likely
priority? - ANSWER-Performing a physical examination and history to determine the exact cause and character of the incontinence Which of the following clinical findings would be most closely associated with a patient who has interstitial lung disease rather than COPD? - ANSWER-Increased respiratory rate with decreased tidal volume A 54-year-old man with a long-standing diagnosis of essential hypertension is meeting with his nurse practitioner. The patient's nurse practitioner would anticipate that which of the following phenomena is most likely occurring? - ANSWER-The conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in his lungs causes increases in blood pressure and sodium reabsorption. Some viruses are capable of transforming normal host cells into malignant cells. - ANSWER-A patient has been admitted to an inpatient medical unit of a hospital with an acute viral infection. The health care team providing care for the patient would recognize which of the following statements as an accurate description of the role of viruses in human infections? The NP is teaching a group of older adults about the value of including foods containing antioxidants in their diet. Which of the following statements best captures the rationale underlying the NPs advice? - ANSWER-Antioxidants inhibit the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Which target of both chemotherapy and radiation treatment accounts for adverse as well as therapeutic effects? - ANSWER-Rapidly proliferating cells Which of the following patients is most likely to benefit from transplantation of thymic tissue or major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-compatible bone marrow? - ANSWER-A 7-year-old boy whose blood work indicates decreased IgA and IgG with increased IgM A 72-year-old woman with a recent onset of syncopal episodes has been referred to a cardiology group by her family physician. As part of the patient's diagnostic workup, the nurse practitioner conducting the intake assessment has ordered a Holter monitor for 24 hours. Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of Holter monitoring? - ANSWER-Accurate interpretation of the results requires correlating the findings with the activity that the woman was doing at the time of recording. A 3-year-old boy has developed croup following a winter cold. His nurse practitioner would recognize that which of the following causative microorganisms and treatments are most likely?
Which of the following substances is most likely to be reabsorbed in the tubular segments of the nephron using passive transport mechanisms? - ANSWER-Water A nurse practitioner is teaching a student NP about the physiologic basis for damage to the circulatory and neurological systems that can accompany hypotension. Which of the following responses by the student would warrant correction by the nurse practitioner? - ANSWER- "Tension and vessel thickness increase proportionately." A 66-year-old female patient has presented to the emergency department because of several months of intermittently bloody stools that has recently become worse. The woman has since been diagnosed with a gastrointestinal bleed secondary to overuse of nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs that she takes for her arthritis. The health care team would realize that which of the following situations is most likely? - ANSWER-She will have iron- deficiency anemia due to depletion of iron stores. Which of the following patients of a primary care nurse practitioner would not require extra screening for cancer? - ANSWER-A 38 - year-old female with Down syndrome and congenital scoliosis A 62-year-old female smoker is distraught at her recent diagnosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). How can her nurse practitioner most appropriately respond to her? - ANSWER-"This is
very difficult to hear, I'm sure, and we have to observe to see if it spreads because that often happens." A 60-year-old man has been diagnosed with renal calculi after repeated episodes of excruciating flank pain in recent weeks. The man states, "I don't know how this could happen to me, since I'm so careful about eating a healthy diet." What is the most appropriate response to the man's statement? - ANSWER-What you eat can influence your risk of stone formation, but many other factors like hormones and your metabolism are involved. A nurse practitioner is doing the admission assessment on a patient who has been transferred to the floor after being diagnosed by the emergency room physician with bilateral pleural effusion. Which of the following findings from the nurse practitioner's initial assessment of the patient is incongruent with the patient's diagnosis, and would require further investigation? - ANSWER- The patient complains of sharp pain exacerbated by deep inspiration. An autopsy is being performed on a 44 - year-old female who died unexpectedly of heart failure. Which of the following components of the pathologist's report is most suggestive of a possible history of poorly controlled blood pressure? - ANSWER-"Arterial sclerosis of subcortical brain regions noted." A tourist presented to a primary care health clinic complaining of malaise, fever, and headache. She has subsequently been diagnosed with Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a pathology caused by Rickettsiaceae. Which of the followed statements best captures a characteristic trait of Rickettsiaceae? - ANSWER-They have both RNA and DNA. A 7 - year-old boy is admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of
lead toxicity. Which of the following assessment findings is most congruent with the patient's diagnosis? hi - ANSWER- Hemoglobin 9.9 g/dL A 16-year-old female has been brought to her primary care nurse practitioner by her mother due to the girl's persistent sore throat and malaise. Which of the following facts revealed in the girl's history and examination would lead the nurse practitioner to rule out infectious mononucleosis? - ANSWER-Chest auscultation reveals crackles in her lower lung fields bilaterally. The NP is providing care for a 21-year-old female patient with gas gangrene of a compound fracture in her arm. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse most reasonably expect to find when caring for a patient with a diagnosis of gas gangrene? - ANSWER-Spreading edema A patient with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus presents to the emergency department with suspected ketoacidosis. Which of the following diagnostic results would be most likely to confirm this diagnosis? - ANSWER-Increased CO2, increased anion gap, base deficit A patient has suffered damage to his pericardium following a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following consequences should the nurse practitioner be most likely to rule out? - ANSWER- Impaired regulation of myocardial contraction
A short, nonsmoking middle-aged man presents to the emergency department with left-sided chest pain and a cough. He says that the pain started abruptly, just after lunch, and that breathing and coughing make it worse. He denies recent injury. He is breathing shallowly and rapidly and expresses fear that he may be having a heart attack. Breath sounds are normal, and he is not cyanotic. Which condition is most likely causing his symptoms? - ANSWER-Pleuritis related to infection Which diuretic acts by inhibiting sodium chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle? - ANSWER-Bumetanide (Bumex) Which of the following situations would be most deserving of a pediatrician's attention? - ANSWER-A midwife notes that a newborn infant's chest is retracting on inspiration and that the child is grunting. A 31-year-old woman with a congenital heart defect reports episodes of lightheadedness and syncope, with occasional palpitations. A resting electrocardiogram reveals sinus bradycardia and she is suspected of having sick sinus syndrome. Which of the following diagnostic methods is the best choice to investigate the suspicion? - ANSWER-Holter monitoring A 29 - year-old construction worker got a sliver under his fingernail four days ago. The affected finger is now reddened, painful, swollen, and warm to the touch. Which of the following hematological processes is most likely occurring in response to the infection? - ANSWER- Proliferation of immature neutrophils A community health nurse practitioner is teaching a group of female high school students about the importance of regular Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. The nurse recognizes that which of the following items underlies the rationale for this teaching? - ANSWER-Cancer of the uterine cervix
develops incrementally at a cellular level. Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an aspect of cell injury due to impaired calcium homeostasis? - ANSWER-Injured cells tend to accumulate calcium. As part of his diagnostic workup, a 77-year-old man's nurse practitioner has ordered blood work that includes ferritin levels. The man is very interested in the details of his health care and is unfamiliar with ferritin and its role. He asks his nurse practitioner to explain the significance of it and the rationale for testing it. Which of the following explanations by the nurse practitioner is most accurate? - ANSWER-"Ferritin is a stored form of iron that indirectly shows me whether you would benefit from iron pills." In which of the following patient situations would a nurse practitioner be most justified in preliminarily ruling out pericarditis as a contributing pathology to the patient's health problems?
An 82 - year-old resident of a long-term care facility with a recent history of repeated urinary tract infections and restlessness is suspected of having urinary retention. Which of the following actions by the care team is most appropriate? - ANSWER-Ultrasound bladder scanning to determine the residual volume of urine after voiding A 21-year-old male patient has suffered a head injury during a crash on his motorcycle, and a deficit that assessments have revealed is an impaired swallowing mechanism. He has also developed aspiration pneumonia. Which of the following statements most accurately capture an aspect of his condition? - ANSWER-His vocal folds have been compromised. A 14-year-old boy who appears to be intoxicated is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. The EMTs report that the boy has denied consuming anything out of the ordinary, but an open antifreeze container was found in the boy's room. Which of the following is likely to be used to treat the patient's symptoms? - ANSWER-Fomepizole A 44-year-old woman developed calf pain during a transatlantic flight followed by acute shortness of breath upon arrival at her destination. She was subsequently diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism (PE), which resolved with anticoagulant therapy. Which of these statements best characterizes the underlying problem of her PE? - ANSWER-She was short of breath because ventilation was occurring but perfusion was inadequate. A 70 - year-old male patient presents to the emergency department complaining of pain in his calf that is exacerbated when he walks. His pedal and popliteal pulses are faintly palpable and his leg distal to the pain is noticeably reddened. What would his care provider's preliminary diagnosis and anticipated treatment most likely be? - ANSWER-Atherosclerotic occlusive disease necessitating thrombolytic therapy
A nurse practitioner is teaching her colleagues about the role of cytokines in a variety of pathologies. Which of the following teaching points best captures an aspect of the functions and nature of cytokines? - ANSWER-"A particular cytokine can have varied effects on different systems, a fact that limits their therapeutic use." A woman is surprised to read on the Internet that certain infections can cause cancer and has sought clarification from her nurse practitioner during an office visit. How can the NP best respond to the woman's query?
A nurse practitioner has ordered the measurement of a cardiac patient's electrolyte levels as part of the patient's morning blood work. Which of the following statements best captures the importance of potassium in the normal electrical function of the patient's heart? - ANSWER- Potassium is central to establishing and maintaining the resting membrane potential of cardiac muscle cells. As a consequence of long-standing lung disease, a patient is in a chronic state of hypoxia. Which of the following phenomena would the patient's nurse practitioner be most justified in anticipating? Select all that apply: - ANSWER-Increased erythropoietin production, Hyperventilation, Personality changes Which of the following patients on a medical unit of a hospital is most likely to be experiencing health problems that may be attributable to kidney disease? - ANSWER-An 81 - year-old female patient with osteoporosis and anemia A 68 - year-old woman with a new onset of vascular dementia has recently begun retaining urine. Which of the following physiological phenomena would her care providers most realistically expect to be currently occurring as a result of her urinary retention? - ANSWER-Hypertrophy of the bladder muscle and increased bladder wall thickness Due to complications, a male postoperative patient has been unable to mobilize for several days following surgery and has developed atelectasis. Which of the following processes would his care team anticipate with relation to his health problem? - ANSWER-Redirection of blood flow away from the lung regions that are hypoxic A number of patients have presented to the emergency department in the
last 24 hours with complaints that are preliminarily indicative of myocardial infarction. Which of the following patients is least likely to have an ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI)? - ANSWER-A 71- year-old man who has moist skin, fever, and chest pain that is excruciating when he moves but relieved when at rest A 71-year-old male patient with a history of myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease has been advised by his nurse practitioner to begin taking 81 mg aspirin once daily. Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the underlying rationale for the nurse practitioner's suggestion? - ANSWER-Platelet aggregation can be precluded through inhibition of prostaglandin production by aspirin. A 6 - year-old girl with a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome is being assessed at a community health clinic. Which of the following assessments would be the health care professional's lowest priority? - ANSWER-Tests of kidney function A 4 - year-old boy who has been deaf since birth and has bilateral cataracts has been brought to the emergency department by his mother because she noticed blood in the toilet after he last
voided. Urinalysis confirms heavy microscopic hematuria as well as proteinuria. What will the care team's initial differential diagnosis most likely be? - ANSWER-Alport syndrome The mother of a 7-year-old boy who has recently been diagnosed with childhood asthma has come to the education center to learn more about her son's condition. Which of the following teaching points is most justifiable?
ANSWER-Injections of allergens simulate production of IgG, which blocks antigens from combining with IgE. A nurse practitioner is educating a patient with a recent diagnosis of diabetes about the roles that glucose and insulin play in the disease pathology and the fact that glucose must enter the cell in order to provide energy for the patient. The nurse practitioner knows that which of the following processes allows glucose to enter body cells - ANSWER-Facilitated diffusion A 22 - year-old male is experiencing hypovolemic shock following a fight in which his carotid artery was cut with a broken bottle. What immediate treatments are likely to most benefit the man? - ANSWER- Infusion of normal saline of Ringer lactate to maintain the vascular space A 31-year-old patient with a diagnosis of end-stage liver failure has been admitted to the intensive care unit of a hospital. Arterial blood gas sampling indicates that the man has an acid- base imbalance. Which of the following situations is most likely to result in an inappropriate pH?
Which of the following individuals are displaying identified risk factors for the development of lower urinary tract obstruction? - ANSWER-A 68-year- old man who has been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) A patient who presented with shortness of breath and difficulty climbing stairs has been diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis, a disease characterized by scarring of the alveoli. What would her care team anticipate when observing her breathing? - ANSWER-Short, shallow breaths A nurse practitioner is providing care for several patients on a medical unit of a hospital. In which of the following patient situations would the nurse practitioner be most likely to rule out hypertension as a contributing factor? - ANSWER-A 61-year-old man who has a heart valve infection and recurrent fever A 24 - year-old woman presents with fever and painful, swollen cervical lymph nodes. Her blood work indicates neutrophilia with a shift to the left. She most likely has: - ANSWER-A severe bacterial infection A researcher is involved in the production of insulin through recombinant DNA technology. Which of the following statements could the researcher best provide as a rationale for her work?