MN551 Final 2024-2025. Questions & Correct Verified Answers. Graded A, Exams of Health sciences

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[Date]

MN551 Final 2024-2025. Questions &

Correct Verified Answers. Graded A

A 13-year-old female is undergoing rapid development of her breasts after experiencing menarche several months ago. Which of the following hormones are NOT active in the development of her breasts? Question options: Prolactin Oxytocin Estrogen Follicle-stimulating hormone Progesterone - ANSOxytocin A 13-year-old patient undergoing puberty is alarmed to find small, white bumps surrounding the areolae on her nipples. You reassure her that these are a normal sign of her sexual maturation and tell her that they are which of the following: Question options: Cooper ligaments Montgomery tubercles Bartholin glands Skene glands - ANSMontgomery tubercles A 14-year-old boy has been brought to the emergency department by his mother in excruciating pain that is radiating from his scrotum to his inguinal area. The

[Date] boy's heart rate is 122 beats per minute and he vomited twice before arrival at the hospital. Examination reveals that his scrotum is reddened and slightly swollen and the testes are firm to the touch and tender, with extensive cremaster muscle contraction noted. What is the boy's most likely diagnosis? Question options: Varicocele Testicular torsion Hydrocele Epididymitis - ANSTesticular torsion A 17-year-old female is suspected of having narcolepsy. Which of the following aspects of her medical history and sleep analysis would contribute to a confirmation of the diagnosis? Question options: She repeatedly moves her large toe, ankle, and knee during sleep. She complains of a powerful urge to move her legs when in bed at night. She has frequently awakened unable to move or speak. She believes that she experiences auditory hallucinations when she awakens. Her sleep latency is normally around 1 hour. - ANSShe has frequently awakened unable to move or speak. A 20-year-old male college student has recently finished a Thanksgiving dinner of heroic proportions while home for the holiday weekend. Which of the following phenomena would most likely have produced his sensation of satiety?

[Date] Cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 suppress the hunger impulse. The breakdown of products of lipids such as ketoacids produces a decrease in appetite. Increased levels of leptin stimulate a decrease in appetite by way of the vagus nerve. Stretch receptors in the stomach and small intestine signal the feeding center in the medulla. - ANSCholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 suppress the hunger impulse. A 20-year-old male has been diagnosed with a chlamydial infection, and his primary care provider is performing teaching in an effort to prevent the patient from infecting others in the future. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates the best understanding of his health problem? Question options: "Even if I spread it to someone else, there's a good chance she won't have any symptoms or know she has it." "Each of the three stages of the disease seems to be worse than the previous one. "Even though I couldn't end up sterile, a woman that I give it to certainly could." "Either me or a partner could end up with an eye infection from chlamydia that could make us blind." - ANS"Even if I spread it to someone else, there's a good chance she won't have any symptoms or know she has it."

[Date] A 20-year-old male has been diagnosed with testicular cancer and is seeking information about his diagnosis from a number of websites. Which of the following statements that he has read is most plausible? Question options: "Recent developments in the treatment of testicular cancer mean that few men now need to have a testicle removed." "For most men with testicular cancer, bloody urine is their first sign that something is wrong." "Men with cryptorchidism—the term for an undescended testicle—are known to have a higher risk of developing testicular cancer." "Testicular cancer is a leading cause of death among males who should be in the prime of their lives." - ANS"Men with cryptorchidism—the term for an undescended testicle—are known to have a higher risk of developing testicular cancer." A 20-year-old male who is addicted to crystal methamphetamine has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition after many months of inadequate food intake. Which of the following treatment plans would the care team most likely favor? Rapid administration of normal saline and carbohydrates Incremental feeding combined with vitamin and mineral supplementation

[Date] Total parenteral nutrition Intravenous infusion of albumin coupled with vitamin supplementation - ANSIncremental feeding combined with vitamin and mineral supplementation A 21-year-old female is suspected of having inadequate function of her hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system. Her care provider is planning to inject thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and then measure her levels of TSH. Which of the following diagnostic tests is being performed? Question options: Metabolite excretion test Stimulation test Radioimmunoassay (RIA) test Suppression test - ANSStimulation test A 22-year-old female college student is shocked to receive a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. What are the etiology and most likely treatment for her health problem? Question options: Excess acetylcholinesterase production; treatment with thymectomy

[Date] Cerebellar lesions; surgical and immunosuppressive treatment A shortage of acetylcholine receptors; treatment with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins Autoimmune destruction of skeletal muscle cells; treatment with intensive physical therapy and anabolic steroids - ANSA shortage of acetylcholine receptors; treatment with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins A 24-year-old woman has presented to an inner-city free clinic because of the copious, foul vaginal discharge that she has had in recent days. Microscopy has confirmed the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis. What is the woman's most likely treatment and prognosis? Question options: Vaginal suppositories and topical ointments can provide symptom relief but cannot eradicate the microorganism. Antifungal medications are effective against the anovulation and risk of HIV that accompany the infection. Oral antibiotics can prevent complications such as infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease. Abstinence will be required until the infection resolves, since treatments do not yet have proven efficacy. - ANSOral antibiotics can prevent complications such as infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease.

[Date] A 24-year-old woman undergoing a premarital screening test is found to have elevated levels of AST, ALT, and IgG, but no antibody-specific markers for viral hepatitis. A liver biopsy reveals inflammation and cellular damage. Which of the following treatments is most likely to be effective for her? Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs Interferon-alfa-2b Peginterferon and ribavirin Lamivudine - ANSCorticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs A 28-year-old male who is 6 feet 11 inches tall has a diagnosis of acromegaly. The man is explaining to a curious but sympathetic coworker exactly what accounts for his extraordinary height. Which of the following explanations demonstrates a sound understanding of his health problem? Question 10 options: "A tumor in my brain threw off my hormone levels after I was finished with adolescence." "My pituitary gland produced a much higher than normal amount of growth hormone when I was a child." T"The high sugar levels that go along with my diabetes made my pituitary gland overproduce the hormones that cause you to grow."

[Date] "My liver is malfunctioning and produces too many of the hormones that ultimately cause growth." - ANS"A tumor in my brain threw off my hormone levels after I was finished with adolescence." A 29-year-old female has been admitted to the emergency department following a suicide attempt by overdose of acetaminophen. What changes in the patient's liver and diagnostic results would the care team most likely anticipate? Rapid onset of hepatitis and increased GGT, ALT, and bilirubin levels Cholestatic reaction with increased bilirubin count Allergic inflammation accompanied by an increase in serum IgE and basophils Centrilobular necrosis evidenced by increased ALT and AST levels - ANSCentrilobular necrosis evidenced by increased ALT and AST levels A 29-year-old woman has been diagnosed with otosclerosis after several years of progressive hearing loss. What pathophysiologic process has characterized her diagnosis? Her tympanic cavity is becoming filled with bone due to inappropriate osteogenesis. Her temporal bone is experiencing unusually rapid resorption. Her incus, malleus, and stapes have become disconnected from her normal neural pathways.

[Date] New, sclerotic bone has been formed around her stapes and oval window - ANSNew, sclerotic bone has been formed around her stapes and oval window A 29-year-old woman has been trying for many months to become pregnant, and fertilization has just occurred following her most recent ovulation. What process will now occur that will differentiate this ovulatory cycle from those prior? Question options: The basal layer of the endometrium will be sloughed in preparation for implantation. The corpus luteum will atrophy and be replaced by corpus albicans. The remaining primary follicles will provide hormonal support for the first 3 months of pregnancy. Human chorionic gonadotropin will be produced, preventing luteal regression. - ANSHuman chorionic gonadotropin will be produced, preventing luteal regression. A 30 year old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple effects that insulin has on his metabolism. Which of the following physiological processes are actions of insulin? - ANSFacilitating triglycerides from glucose in fat cells A 30-year-old woman has sought care because of her recurrent photophobia, tearing, and eye irritation. During assessment, her care provider asks about any

[Date] history of cold sores or genital herpes. What is the rationale for the care provider's line of questioning? Question options: A history of HSV with eye irritation is suggestive of glaucoma. Chronic viral infection of the eyes can result in HSV autoinoculation of the mouth and labia. HSV infection of the cornea is a common cause of corneal ulceration and blindness. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) conjunctivitis indicates a need for antiviral rather than antibacterial treatment. - ANSHSV infection of the cornea is a common cause of corneal ulceration and blindness. A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe pain in his right eye after swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye condition is corneal rather than a conjunctival disease, which of the following would be the distinguishing symptom? A.) Burning B.) Itching c.) photophobia D.) Severe pain - ANSSevere pain

[Date] A 39-year-old male patient has been recently diagnosed with primary hypogonadism. Which of the following lab results would be most indicative of this diagnosis? Question options: Low testosterone levels; normal levels of LH and FSH Low levels of GnRH Low free testosterone, LH, and FSH levels Normal levels of free testosterone; low levels of total testosterone - ANSLow testosterone levels; normal levels of LH and FSH A 4-year-old boy has had otitis media with effusion (OME) for several weeks and his condition has recently progressed to acute otitis media (AOM). Which of the following factors could have contributed to his AOM? Question 5 options: Exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Sensorineural deficits in the auditory control apparatus Accumulation of cerumen in the external acoustic meatus A deficiency in immunoglobulin G

[Date] Reflux of fluid from the boy's nose into his middle ear - ANSReflux of fluid from the boy's nose into his middle ear A 40-year-old female has been categorized as being obese, with a BMI of 33.2. Which of the following health problems is the patient at a significantly increased risk for compared with individuals with a BMI below 25? Cardiac arrhythmias Osteoarthritis Multiple sclerosis Atelectasis Gallbladder disease Insulin resistance - ANSOsteoarthritis A 40-year-old male patient with multiple health problems has been diagnosed with a testosterone deficiency. Which of the following assessment findings would his care provider attribute to an etiology other than this deficiency? Question options: The patient has a low muscle mass as a proportion of total body weight.

[Date] The patient has a history of susceptibility to upper respiratory infections. The patient has long-standing anemia and low red cell counts. The patient has a voice that is unusually high in pitch. - ANSThe patient has a history of susceptibility to upper respiratory infections. A 40-year-old woman has been found to have a deficiency in estrogen. Which of the following physiological phenomena is most likely to remain unaffected? Question options: The synthesis and release of adrenal glucocorticoids The maintenance of normal skin and blood vessel structure The regulation of uterine endothelial development Parathyroid hormone antagonism and the rate of bone resorption - ANSThe synthesis and release of adrenal glucocorticoids A 42-year-old female patient with a long-standing history of chronic nausea and vomiting but a near-insatiable appetite has had her symptoms attributed to an enzyme deficiency. Further diagnostic testing indicates that she has inadequate pancreatic enzyme levels and that her large appetite is due to a lack of enzyme control of food intake inhibition. In which of the following enzymes is the woman most likely deficient?

[Date] Secretin Gastrin Ghrelin Cholecystokinin - ANSCholecystokinin A 43-year-old male patient has presented to the emergency department with vomiting that he claims is of sudden onset. The patient also states that the emesis has often contained frank blood in the hours prior to admission. Which of the following potential contributing factors would the care team first suspect? Effects of Helicobacter pylori Staphylococcal enterotoxins Alcohol consumption Overuse of aspirin - ANSAlcohol consumption A 43-year-old male who is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 216 pounds has been informed by his nurse practitioner that his body mass index (BMI) is 31. Which of the following clinical conclusions based on these data would his nurse be most justified in rejecting?

[Date] The patient is borderline obese but is not yet at the point of significantly increased risks to health. He is classified as being obese, likely as the result of the interplay of genetic and lifestyle factors. The patient faces an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Further investigation of his nutritional status is needed to supplement the BMI value. - ANSThe patient is borderline obese but is not yet at the point of significantly increased risks to health. A 44-year-old female has been diagnosed with major depression. Which of the following neuroimaging findings is most congruent with the woman's diagnosis? Question 1 options: Enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles and reduction in frontal and temporal volumes Atrophy and decreased blood flow in the amygdala Reduced activity and gray matter volume in the prefrontal cortex Decreased brain activity in the pons and brain stem - ANSReduced activity and gray matter volume in the prefrontal cortex

[Date] A 46-year-old male has presented to the emergency department because of the eye pain, severe headache, and blurred vision that have followed an eye exam at an optometrist's office earlier in the day. The patient tells the triage nurse that he received eyedrops during the exam "to keep my pupils wide open." What differential diagnosis will the care team first suspect? Question options: Angle-closure glaucoma Corneal trauma Keratitis Infectious conjunctivitis - ANSAngle-closure glaucoma A 48-year-old male has a new diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Which of the following processes underlies the deficits that accompany the degeneration of myelin in his peripheral nervous system (PNS)? Question options: A deficit of myelin predisposes the patient to infection by potential pathogens. Nerve cells lack insulation and impulse conduction is compromised by the destruction of myelin. The axonal transport system is compromised by the lack of myelin surrounding nerve cells.

[Date] The destruction of myelin causes fewer Schwann cells to be produced in the patient's PNS. - ANSNerve cells lack insulation and impulse conduction is compromised by the destruction of myelin. A 48-year-old woman has been diagnosed with extrahepatic cholestasis following a thorough history, ultrasound, and blood work. Which of the following symptoms most likely caused her to seek medical treatment, and what consequences of her health problem would the medical team anticipate? Pruritus with consequences of deficient levels of fat-soluble vitamins Skin xanthomas (focal accumulations of cholesterol) with consequences of increased risk of bleeding due to deficient clotting factors Anorexia with consequences of impaired drug metabolism and blood filtration Complaints of lower flank pain with consequences of impaired fat metabolism - ANSPruritus with consequences of deficient levels of fat-soluble vitamins A 51-year-old has been admitted to a rehabilitation center after hospital treatment for an ischemic stroke. Which of the following aspects of the patient's history would not be considered to have contributed to his stroke? Question options: History of sickle cell anemia The patient is an African American Male

[Date] Blood pressure that is normally 120/ Elevated cholesterol He was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes eight years ago - ANSBlood pressure that is normally 120/ A 51-year-old male professional is in the habit of consuming six to eight rum and cokes each evening after work. He assures the nurse practitioner, who is performing his regular physical exam, that his drinking is under control and does not have negative implications for his work or family life. How could the nurse best respond to the patient's statement? "When your body has to regularly break down that much alcohol, your blood and the functional cells in your liver accumulate a lot of potentially damaging toxic byproducts." "In spite of that, the amount of alcohol you are drinking is likely to result first in cirrhosis and, if you continue, in hepatitis or fatty liver changes." "That may be the case, but you are still creating a high risk of hepatitis A or B or liver cancer." "You are more than likely inflicting damage on your liver, but this damage would cease as soon as you quit drinking. - ANS"When your body has to regularly break down that much alcohol, your blood and the functional cells in your liver accumulate a lot of potentially damaging toxic byproducts."

[Date] A 51-year-old woman has been experiencing signs and symptoms of perimenopause and has sought help from her nurse practitioner. Doctors have confirmed a deficiency in estrogen levels as a contributing factor. Which of the following phenomena could potentially underlie the woman's health problem? Question options: A lack of prohormone precursors needed for estrogen synthesis and release Insufficient estrogen production within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the relevant cells Inadequate synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of her ovarian cells Sufficient synthesis of estrogen but inadequate vesicle-mediated release - ANSInsufficient estrogen production within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the relevant cells A 51-year-old woman who has been receiving estrogen and progesterone therapy (EPT) for the last 5 years has visited her care provider because her peers have told her about the risks of heart disease, stroke, and breast cancer that could accompany hormone therapy (HT). How should her care provider respond to her concerns? Question options: "There's in fact a slight protective effect against stroke associated with HT, but this is partially offset by increased rates of heart disease and breast cancer."

[Date] "HT is actually associated with a decrease in heart disease risk, but there is an increase in stroke risk; the breast cancer connection is still unclear." "All things considered, the benefits of HT outweigh the slightly increased risks of heart disease, stroke, or breast cancer." "There is a demonstrable increase in breast cancer risk with HT, but the risk of stroke or heart disease actually goes down slightly." - ANS"HT is actually associated with a decrease in heart disease risk, but there is an increase in stroke risk; the breast cancer connection is still unclear." A 55-year-old man has been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia, in which the function of the lower esophageal sphincter is compromised. Which of the following consequences of this condition is most likely? Inappropriate release of gastric enzymes Protrusion of the stomach or regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus Impaired control of the gastric emptying rate Decreased absorption of ingested foods and fluids - ANSProtrusion of the stomach or regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus A 57-year-old woman who has been diagnosed with atrophic vaginitis has expressed her surprise to her care provider, citing a lifetime largely free of

[Date] gynecological health problems. She has asked what may have contributed to her problem. How can the care provider best respond? Question options: "The exact cause of this problem isn't known, but it can usually be resolved with a diet high in probiotic bacteria." "This type of vaginitis is most commonly a symptom of a latent sexually transmitted infection that you may have contracted in the distant past." "Vaginitis is not usually the direct result of any single problem, but rather an inevitability of the vaginal dryness that accompanies menopause." "The lower levels of estrogen since you've begun menopause make your vagina prone to infection." - ANS"The lower levels of estrogen since you've begun menopause make your vagina prone to infection." A 60-year-old male patient with a long history of back pain has had little success with a variety of analgesic regimens that his nurse practitioner has prescribed. He has recently been diagnosed formally with a chronic pain disorder. Which of the following teaching points about chronic pain would his nurse practitioner most likely emphasize to the patient? Question 6 options: "You need to remind yourself that this is a purely physical phenomenon that requires physical treatment."

[Date] "If your pain comes and goes, then we won't characterize it as chronic, and it will require different treatment." "These pain signals your body is sending likely serve no real, useful, or protective function." "Our challenge is to bring you relief but still treat the underlying back problem that your body is telling you about." - ANS"These pain signals your body is sending likely serve no real, useful, or protective function." A 60-year-old man has long managed his type 1 diabetes effectively with a combination of vigilant blood sugar monitoring, subcutaneous insulin administration, and conscientious eating habits. This morning, however, his wife has noted that he appears pale and clammy and to be in a stupor, though he is responsive. She suspects that he has made an error in his insulin administration and that he is experiencing a hypoglycemic episode. Which of the following actions should be the wife's first choice? Careful monitoring for level of consciousness and resolution of hypoglycemia IV infusion of 50% dextrose and water solution Administration of subcutaneous glucagon Administration of 15 to 20 g of glucose in a concentrated carbohydrate source - ANSAdministration of 15 to 20 g of glucose in a concentrated carbohydrate source

[Date] A 60-year-old man has presented to his nurse practitioner because of an earache that has become progressively more painful in recent days. After giving his history and having an examination with an otoscope, the man has been diagnosed with otitis externa. Which of the nurse practitioner's following statements to the man is most accurate? Question 4 options: a. "This likely happened because your ears aren't draining like they should, but antibiotics that you'll put in your ears will resolve this." b. "I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's important not to use ear swabs." c. "I'm going to instill some warm water into your ear to flush out debris and bacteria." d. "You'll need to avoid getting any water in your ear until you finish your course of antibiotic pills." - ANS"I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's important not to use ear swabs." A 60-year-old woman who is 11 years menopausal has presented to the emergency department stating, "I haven't had my period in years, but lately I've been bleeding again, and quite heavily in the last few days." The care team needs to rule out endometrial cancer. How should they best explain the most accurate plan for confirming or ruling out the diagnosis? Question options: "We can do a Pap smear right now and we will get the results as soon as we can."

[Date] "We are going to order blood work that will measure your hormone levels." "We're going to have to open your cervix with a speculum and take scrapings from the wall of your uterus." "We're going to book a CT scan for you as soon as possible so that we can see what is inside your uterus." - ANSWe're going to have to open your cervix with a speculum and take scrapings from the wall of your uterus." A 66-year-old man has presented to a nurse practitioner to get a refill for his antiplatelet medication. The patient has a history of ischemic heart disease and suffered a myocardial infarction 5 years ago and has unstable angina; he uses a transdermal nitroglycerin patch to control his angina. The patient has a 40-pack- year smoking history and uses nebulized bronchodilators at home for the treatment of transient shortness of breath. He has long-standing hypertension that is treated with a potassium-sparing diuretic and a ß-adrenergic blocking medication. During the nurse's assessment, the man notes that he has been unable to maintain his erection in recent months. Which of the following aspects of the man's health problems and treatments would the nurse identify as NOT being contributing to his erectile dysfunction (ED)? Question options: His age His smoking history His ischemic heart disease

[Date] His hypertension H - ANSHis use of bronchodilators A 70-year-old male has been diagnosed with a stroke that resulted in an infarct to his cerebellum. Which of the following clinical findings would be most closely associated with cerebellar insult? Question options: Unsteady gait and difficulty speaking and swallowing Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia Difficulty starting movement, stopping movement, and maintaining rhythmic movement Flaccid loss of muscle tone - ANSUnsteady gait and difficulty speaking and swallowing A 71-year-old male has been recently diagnosed with a stage III tumor of colorectal cancer and is attempting to increase his knowledge about his diagnosis. Which of the following statements about colorectal cancer demonstrates a sound understanding of the disease? "A large majority of patients who have my type of colon cancer survive to live many more years."