MN580 FINAL EXAM LATEST VERSIONS 2025 ACTUAL EXAM ALL 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED, Exams of Nursing

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MN580 FINAL EXAM LATEST VERSIONS 202 5 ACTUAL

EXAM ALL 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY

GRADED A+

Pressure in the left ventricle must exceed pressure in which structure before the left ventricle can eject blood? - ANSWER - A. superior vena cava (B). aorta C. inferior vena cava D. pulmonary veins What is the anomaly in which the soft bony component of the skull & much of the brain is missing? - ANSWER - (A). anencephaly B. myelodysplasia C. cranial meningocele D. hydrocephaly Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means: - ANSWER - A. systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney B. Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder & kidneys (C). bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder D. colonization of the bladder when urine is static Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder? - ANSWER - A. Dementia syndrome B. delirium (C). alzheime disease D. parkinson disease Which hormone stimulates gonads to produce both male & female hormones? - ANSWER - A. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) B. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

(C). luteinizing hormone (LH) D. estrogen Which terms represent the correct nomenclature for benign & malignant tumors of adipose tissue, respectively? - ANSWER - A. liposarcoma, lipoma (B). lipoma, liposarcoma C. adisarcoma, adipoma D. adipoma, adisarcoma What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta? - ANSWER - (A). passive-acquired immunity B. active-acquired immunity C. passive-innate immunity D. active-innate immunity Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process? - ANSWER - (A). autosomal recessive recessive inheritance B. autosomal dominant inheritance C. infection D. malignancy Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk & respiratory secretions? - ANSWER - (A). IgA B. IgE C. IgG D. IgM Which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty? - ANSWER - A. inhibin (B). Leptin C. Activin D. Follistatin

Which characteristic is true of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers? - ANSWER - A. slow contraction speed (B). fast conduction velocities C. profuse capillary supply D. oxidative metabolism Which statement is true regarding pain & cancer? - ANSWER - A. pain is primarily a result of pressure caused by the tumor B. Pain indicates the metastasis of cancer. C. pain is usually the initial symptom of cancer. (D). pain is generally associated with late-stage cancer. Which assessment finding characterizes Osgood-Schlatter disease? - ANSWER - A. lateral epicondylitis of the elbow B. inflammation of the anterior cruciate ligament C. bursitis of the subscapular bursa in the glenohumeral joint (D). Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) are unable to synthesize: - ANSWER - (A). Essential amino acid, phenylalanine, to tyrosine B. Renin, erythropoietin & antidiuretic hormone C. aldosterone, cortisol & androgens D. Neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine In a full-term infant, the normal erythrocyte life span is ____days, whereas the adult erythrocyte life span is ____ days. - ANSWER - A. 30 to 50; 80 (B). 60 to 80; 120 C. 90 to 110; 140 D. 120 - 130; 150

Using a fan to reduce body temperature is an example of which mechanism of heat loss? - ANSWER - A. evaporation B. radiation (C). convection D. conduction Open-angle glaucoma occurs b/c of: - ANSWER - A. decreased production of aqueous humor B. increased production of vitreous humor (C). obstructed outflow of aqueous humor D. excessive destruction of vitreous humor An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second & third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? - ANSWER - (A). atrial septal defect (ASD) B. ventricular septal defect (VSD) C. patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) D. atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx? - ANSWER - A. Nasal turbinates B. alveolar macrophages (C). cilia D. irritant receptors on the nares Which cancer originates from connective tissue? - ANSWER - (A). Osteogenic sarcoma B. Basal cell carcinoma C. multiple myeloma D. adenocarcinoma

Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain referred to which anatomical area? - ANSWER - A. vulva or penis (B). umbilicus C. thighs D. lower abdomen Pancreatic insufficiency is manifested by deficient production of: - ANSWER - A. insulin B. amylase (C). Lipase D. bile Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress response? - ANSWER (A) norepinephrine A function of the pericardium is to: - ANSWER - (A). Provide a barrier against extracardial infections B. Improve blood flow through the heart C. Play a role in cardiac conduction D. Assist in cardiac contraction Clinical manifestations of bile salt deficiencies are r/t poor absorption of: - ANSWER - (A). Fats & fatsoluble vitamins B. Water-soluble vitamins C. Proteins D. Minerals The FNP is teaching the community about health promotion. Which information should the FNP include for innate immunity? - ANSWER - A. following an illness (B). At birth C. via injection of specific antibodies D. In adulthood

A 10 y/o develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions. The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, "I can't get enough air." What term should the FNP use to document this condition? - ANSWER - A. cyanosis (B). Dyspnea C. Hyperpnea D. Orthopnea When the FNP is reviewing lab results & notices that the erythrocytes contain an abnormally low concentration of hgb, the nurse calls these erythrocytes: - ANSWER - A. hyperchromic (B). Hypochromic C. Macrocytic D. Microcytic A 45 y/o/m complains of heart burn after eating & difficulty swallowing. These symptoms support which diagnosis? - ANSWER - A. pyloric stenosis B. Gastric cancer C. Achalasia (D). Hiatal hernia A 25 y/o/f has a heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of blood. Which of the following adaptations should the nurse expect? - ANSWER - A. Movement of fluid into the cell B. Decreased cardiac output C. Decreased oxygen release from hgb (D). Peripheral vasoconstriction Which pt will develop active immunity? A pt who: - ANSWER - (A). has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization B. Receives preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor C. Has T cells that become B cells D. Receives immunoglobulin

Chronic gastritis is classified according to the: - ANSWER - A. Severity (B). Location of lesions C. Pt's age D. Signs & symptoms A 16 y/o/f student is driving to school when another driver nearly hits her. Her hrt begins beating harder & faster as she becomes aroused & scared. Which of the following states of the general adaptation syndrome is she experienced? - ANSWER - (A). Alarm stage B. Stage of resistance C. Adaptation D. Exhaustion A 50 y/o is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is: - ANSWER - A. Fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus. B. Sympathetic nerve stimulation (C). Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter D. Reverse peristalsis of the stomach A low ventilation-perfusion ratio of the lung will result in: - ANSWER - A. Increased dead space (B). Shunting C. Alveolar collapse D. Bronchospasm A 52 y/o/m is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While designing the treatment plan, the nurse realizes that the pt is expected to have hydronephrosis & a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by: - ANSWER - A. Decreased renal blood flow B. Decreased peritubular capillary pressure (C). Dilation of the renal pelvis & calyces proximal to a blockage D. Stimulation of antidiuretic hormone

A 40 y/o/m's hx includes being a vegetarian & abusing alcohol. Which of the following factors put him at greatest risk for developing folate deficiency anemia? - ANSWER - A. Being vegetarian (B). Being alcoholic C. Age D. Gender A 20 u/o underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain. Results revealed a congenital defect in the papillary muscles. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur? - ANSWER - A. Closure of the semilunar valve (B). Backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves C. Closure of the atrioventricular valve. D. Backward expulsion of the semilunar valves. A 58 y/o/f presents in the clinic with fatigue, weight loss, and tingling of her fingers. Laboratory findings show low hgb & hct, a high mean corpuscular volume, & normal plasma iron. These assessment findings are consistent with which type of anemia? - ANSWER - A. hemolytic anemia (B). Pernicious anemia C. Iron deficiency anemia D. Aplastic anemia A 54 y/o/m with a long hx of smoking presents with a chief concern of excessive tiredness, sob, & overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, CO2, & normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: - ANSWER - A Respiratory alkalosis B. Metabolic acidosis (C). Respiratory acidosis A 50 y/o/m reports episodes of frequently recurring crampy abd pain, diarrhea & bloody stools. A possible diagnosis would be: - ANSWER - (A). Ulcerative colitis B. Hiatal hernia C. Pyloric obstruction D. Achalasia

As a result of blockage in the pulmonary artery, blood would first back up into the: - ANSWER - A. Aorta B. Left ventricle C. Pulmonary veins (D). Right ventricle What is the most likely cause of croup? - ANSWER - A. Bacteria B. Acute hyperventilation C. Allergy (D). Viral Infection A pt's anemia is described as having erythrocytes that demonstrate poikilocytosis. The FNP would recognize the erythrocytes would be: - ANSWER - A. Pale in color B. Present in various sizes (C). Able to assume various shapes D. Live only a few days A newborn is diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome. When obtaining the pt's hx, which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for this condition? - ANSWER - A. Low birth weight B. Alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy (C). Premature birth D. Smoking by the mother during pregnancy Which of the following is responsible for initiating clonal selection? - ANSWER - A. T cells B. B cells (C). Antigens D. Lymphocytes A 39 y/o is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. Which of the following behaviors mays have contributed to the development of the development of the ulcer? - ANSWER - (A). Regular NSAID use

B. Drinking caffeinated beverages C. Consuming limited fiber D. Antacid consumption A 50 y/o/m recently underwent a liver transplant & is taking immunosuppressive drugs. He now has painful vesicular eruptions on the face & trunk. He reports that he had chickenpox as a child. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on his chicken pox history? - ANSWER - A. Erysipelas B. Herpes Simplex C. Warts (D). Herpes zoster A 5 y/o presents to the clinic with high fever, inspiratory stridor, severe respiratory distress, drooling, & dysphagia. Acute epiglottis is suspected. When assessing the child, the FNP should avoid: - ANSWER - A. Trying to keep the child calm (B). Examining the throat for redness C. Auscultating the child's respiratory rate D. Counting the heart rate apically A 44 y/o patient who demonstrates chronic gastrointestinal bleeding is diagnosed with anemia. What is the primary cause of the pt's anemia? - ANSWER - A. Vitamin B12 deficiency (B). Iron deficiency C. Folate deficiency D. Bone marrow failure Biochemical secretions that trap & kill microorganisms include: - ANSWER - A. Hormones B. Neurotransmitters (C). Ear wax D. Gastric acid Which statement indicates a correct understanding of antibodies? The most abundant class of antibody in the serum is: - ANSWER - (A). IgG

B. IgM C. IgA D. IgE If a pt has carbuncles, the infection will be located in the: - ANSWER - (A). Hair follicles B. Papillary layer of the dermis C. Reticular layer of the dermis D. Subcutaneous tissue Which complication is associated with gastric resection surgery? - ANSWER - A. Constipation B. Acid reflux gastritis (C). Anemia D. Hiccups A 13 y/o/f is concerned about several pigmented skin lesions on her body. Her primary care provider tells her that these lesions must be monitored b/c of their ability to transform into malignant melanoma. - ANSWER - A.macules (B). nevi C. plaques D. keloids A 40 y/o is diagnosed with skin cancer. It is explained that the most important risk factor for skin cancer is: - ANSWER - (A). Amount of direct sun exposure at a young age B. Amount of sun exposure over age 50 C. Lifetime amount of sun exposure D. Living in equatorial regions where the sun is most intense A pt wants to know which malignant skin lesion is the most serious. The correct response is: - ANSWER A. basal cell carcinoma

B. squamous cell carcinoma C. Keratoacanthoma (D). malignant melanoma A 20 y/o presents reporting difficulty breathing when lying down. What term should the FNP use to document this condition? - ANSWER - A. Dyspnea (B). Orthopnea C. Apnea D. Tachypnea A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency. Which of the following type of anemia will the FNP document on the chart? - ANSWER - A. Iron deficiency (B). Pernicious C. Sideroblastic D. Hemolytic A 20 y/o/f presents with vaginal itch & thin-walled pustular lesions & is diagnosed with candidiasis. The condition is caused by a: - ANSWER - (A). Fungus B. Virus C. Bacterium D. Parasite A 20 y/o/m received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation. Which of the following type of immunity was compromised? - ANSWER - (A). innate immunity B. inflammatory response C. Adaptive D. Specific immunity The FNP diagnoses a 10 y/o with obstructive sleep apnea. When the parents ask, the FNP shares that the initial treatment will be: - ANSWER - (A). Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A)

B. Weight loss C. Continuous positive airway pressure D. Drug therapy Pityriasis rosea is caused (most likely) by a: - ANSWER - A. Parasite (B). Virus C. Bacteria D. Fungus Pancreatic insufficiency is manifested by deficient production of: - ANSWER - A. Insulin B. Lactase (C). Lipase D. Bile A 42 y/o/f presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale. She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. This disorder is r/t: - ANSWER - A. Infection B. trauma (C). autoimmunity D. cancer When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs? - ANSWER - A. autoimmune B. anaphylaxis (C). alloimmune D. allergic A 12 y/o child fell off a swing & scraped his right knee. The injured area becomes painful. What else will the FNP observe upon assessment? - ANSWER - A. vasoconstriction at injured site B. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site C. pale skin at injured site

(D). Edema at injured site When a pt asks the FNP what hypersensitivity is, how should the FNP respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as: - ANSWER - A. a reduced immune response found in most pathologic states B. A normal immune response to an infectious agent (C). an excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitization antigen. D. antigenic desensitization What is the primary clinical manifestation of a stress ulcer? - ANSWER - A. bowel obstruction (B). bleeding C. pulmonary embolism D. hepatomegaly For a pt with candidiasis, which factor will exacerbate the condition? - ANSWER - A. poor hygiene B. increased estrogen level (C). systemic antibiotics D. anemia The signs & symptoms of large bowel obstruction are: - ANSWER - (A). abdominal distention & hypogastric pain B. Diarrhea & excessive thirst C. Dehydration & epigastric pain D. abdominal pain & rectal bleeding Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? - ANSWER - A. Vomiting B. hyperventilation (C). pneumonia D. an increase in noncarbonic acids

What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer? - ANSWER - A. herpes simplex virus type 6 B. herpes simplex virus type 2 (C). human papillomavirus D. human immunodeficiency virus What is the most common malignant bone tumor diagnosed during childhood? - ANSWER - A. chondrosarcoma B. fibrosarcoma C. Ewing Sarcoma (D). osteosarcoma Which condition poses the highest risk for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)? - ANSWER - A. Insulinresistant diabetes mellitus (B). hypertension C. Polycythemia D. smoking Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, & the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? - ANSWER - A. premenstrual syndrome (B). dysfunctional uterine bleeding C. polycystic ovary syndrome D. primary dysmenorrhea The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin? - ANSWER - (A). IgA B. IgE C. IgG D IgM

An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibit which symptom? - ANSWER - A. intermittent murmur (B). lack of symptoms C. need for surgical repair D. triad of congenital defects Pinkeye is characterized by inflammation of which structure? - ANSWER - A. eyelids B. sebaceous glands C. Melbomian glands (D). Conjunctiva Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of: - ANSWER - A. epinephrine & aldosterone B. norepinephrine & cortisol (C). epinephrine & norepinephrine D. acetylcholine & cortisol For a patient with candidiasis, which factor will exacerbate the condition? - ANSWER - A. poor hygiene B. Older age (C). systemic antibiotics D. anemia B. Epinephrine C. Cortisol D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) When does the male body begin to produce sperm? - ANSWER - A. Before birth B. Shortly after birth (C). At puberty

D. When erection is possible Which substance is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure? - ANSWER A. Iron (B). Erythropoietin C. Cobalamin (vitamin B12) D. Folate What is the primary cause of the symptoms of polycythemia vera? - ANSWER - A. Decreased erythrocyte count B. Destruction of erythrocytes (C). Increased blood viscosity D. Neurologic involvement Where in the lung does gas exchange occur? - ANSWER - A. Trachea B. Segmental bronchi (C). Alveolocapillary membrane D. Main bronchus Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin? - ANSWER - A. Blood vessels (B). Epithelial cells C. Connective tissue D. Glandular tissue The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term? - ANSWER - A. Relativity B. Survivability (C). Prevalence D. Incidence

A 50 y/o/m recently underwent a liver transplant & is taking immunosuppressive drugs. He now has painful vesicular eruptions on the face & trunk. He reports that he had chickenpox as a child. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on his chicken pox history? - ANSWER - A. erysipelas B. poliomyelitis C. warts (D). Herpes zoster An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? - ANSWER - A. chorionic (B). alpha fetoprotein C. amniotic D. embryonic Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil, following uncal herniation. Is the result of pressure on which cranial nerve (CN)? - ANSWER - A. optic (CN1) B. abducens (CN VI) (C). oculomotor (CN III) D. trochlear (CN IV) Which organism is responsible for the development of syphilis? - ANSWER - A. Neisseria syphilis (B). Treponema pallidum C. Haemophilus ducreyl D. Chlamydia trachomatis The portion of the pituitary that secretes oxytocin is: - ANSWER - (A). posterior B. inferior C. anterior D. superior Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon cancer? - ANSWER - A. increased consumption of dairy produce

B. increased consumption of foods containing vitamin C (C). decreased consumption of foods high in fat D. decreased consumption of artificial food coloring What is the name of the disorder in which levels of bilirubin remain excessively high in the newborn & are deposited in the brain? - ANSWER - (A). kernicterus B. icterus neonatorum C. jaundice D. icterus gravis neonatorum Aspiration is most likely to occur in the right mainstem bronchus b/c it: - ANSWER - (A). extends vertically from the trachea B. is narrower than the left mainstem bronchus C. comes into contact with food & drink first D. is located at the site where the bronchi bifurcates Which pancreatic enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates? - ANSWER - A. trypsin (B). amylase C. lipase D. chymotrypsin What is the function of erythrocytes? - ANSWER - (A). tissue oxygenation B. hemostasis C. infection control D. allergy response DNA formation occurs in which of the cell's structures? - ANSWER - (A). nucleus B. cytoplasm C. organelle

D. membrane Where are alveolar macrophages found? - ANSWER - A. skin B. breasts C. gastrointestinal tract (D). lungs