Module 1- Developmental (Lifespan) Psych 140 -- Portage Learning Online.pdf, Exams of Nursing

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Module 1- Developmental (Lifespan)

Psych 140 -- Portage Learning Online

How many stages of lifespan development are there? 8 Name the 8 stages of lifespan development.

1. Prenatal Development
2. Infancy & Toddlerhood
3. Early Childhood
4. Middle Childhood
5. Adolescence
6. Early Adulthood
7. Middle Adulthood
8. Late Adulthood Development is loosely defined as __________. Change Name 4 distinctive features of human development. (4 "kinds" or "ways" of development.)
9. Lifelong
10. Multidirectional
11. Multidisciplinary
12. Multidimensional. Development is __________, meaning that it continuous from birth to death. Lifelong

Development is ____________, meaning that changes can be good, bad,

or both simultaneously; for example, one could age physically while

maturing cognitively.

Multidirectional.

___________ is an aspect of multidirectional development; it can describe physical aging or in cognitive growth. Maturation Development is ____________, which means that it is relevant across many professional fields/fields of study. Multidisciplinary

Name 3 professional fields where human development is relevant.

(Think multidisciplinary)

1. Social Sciences 2. Healthcare 3. Education Development is ______________, meaning that changes occur in many dimensions: Biological, social, emotional, cognitive, moral. Multidimensional

Name 3 of the 5 dimensions of human development.

(Think multidimensional.)

1. Biological
2. Social
3. Emotional
4. Cognitive
5. Moral Name two controversies in human development.
6. Nurture vs. Nature
7. Continuity vs. Discontinuity The _________ vs. __________ controversy describes biology vs. social environment to describe why human beings are the way they are. Nature vs. Nurture The ___________ vs. _____________ controversy describes how stages of development occur in human beings; one theory suggests a distinct end for each stage, the other suggests a gradual flow from stage to stage. Continuous vs. Discontinuous Historically, the __________ model of stage development prevailed. Discontinuous A controversy within development, _______________ means that stages of development gradually flow into each other. Continuity

__________ ___________ described 5 psychosexual stages of development Sigmund Freud According to Freud, the personality develops over time in three parts: the ______, the ________, and the _______________. Id, Ego, Superego The ______ is the earliest developed personality according to Freud. Id According to Freud, the _______ personality consists of our unconscious impulses that demand immediate fulfillment; infants are born with this. Id According to Freud, the ______ operates according to the reality principle: not all desires can be fulfilled, or may be fulfilled after a delay. Ego The _______ operates in the conscious and develops in early childhood. Ego According to Freud, the ______________ develops in school-age children. Superego

According to Freud, the Superego is a child’s internalization of

_____________________ and ______________________.

societal norms, standards

According to Freud, the Ego must balance the impulses of the _______

and the moral standards of the _______________.

Id, Superego Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development theory describes a conflict and a ___________ with an area of the body associated with _____________ ________________. fixation; sexual gratification. Name the 5 stages of Freud's Psychosexual Development.

1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital

Freud's ________ stage of development involves deriving pleasure through the mouth. Investigating through the mouth; soothing through sucking. Oral Freud's Oral stage of development lasts from birth until age _______ 18 months Freud's __________ stage involves children deriving pleasure from learning to control their bodies and the environment around them. (Specifically through toilet training.) Anal Trauma in this stage of development (Freud) can result in fixations about control. Anal According to Freud, an anal retentive personality has a high need for ________ and __________ in his environment. order, cleanliness Freud's Anal stage of development lasts from 18 months until age _______ 3 years. According to Freud, the _________ stage of development involves a fixation on the penis. Phallic In Freud's stages of development, girls may develop __________ _______________, wherein they realize that they are lacking a penis, ie, a significant feature. penis envy While in the phallic stage of development (Freud), boys experience a desire for their mothers sexually, which Freud called the ____________ ______________. Oedipal Conflict While in Freud's phallic stage, boys experience ____________ __________ as they become fearful of being emasculated by their father while competing against their father for their mother's affection. castration anxiety While in Freud's phallic stage, girls experience the ____________ _____________, which is classified moving away from their mother and into a deep affection for and attachment to their father. Electra Conflict

Boys in Freud's phallic stages resolve their Oedipal Conflict by emulating and learning from their____________. father Girls in Freud's phallic stages resolve their Electra Conflict by emulating and learning from their____________. mother Freud's Phallic stage of development lasts from age 3 until age _______. 5 Freud's Latency stage is focused on developing ___________ and __________ in school friendships, interests Freud's Latency stage of development lasts from age 5 until __________________. puberty Freud's ______________ stage of development focuses on mutual sexual gratification and developing healthy relationships and productive work. genital Freud's Genital stage differs from the Phallic stage because the focus is on ___________________________, not just male sexual anatomy. Mutual genital pleasure Freud's Genital stage of development lasts from puberty into ____________________. Adulthood Erik Erikson is known for the _______________________ Stages of Development. Psychosocial Erikson's Stages of Development each involve a psychosocial ____________ that must be overcome in order to progress. crisis In Erikson's Stages of Development, successful completion of each stage results in a _____________ ____________ and the acquisition of basic virtues. healthy personality According to Erikson, characteristic strengths which the ego can use to resolve subsequent crises are known as _______________________.

basic virtues Erikson describes how many developmental stages? 8 Name the 1st stage (or psychosocial crisis) according to Erikson. What age range does this occur in? Trust vs. Mistrust. 0 - 1.. What basic virtue does an individual gain with successful completion of Erikson's third stage (Initiative vs. Guilt)? Purpose Name the 5th stage (or psychosocial crisis) according to Erikson. What age range does this stage occur in? Identity vs. Role Confusion. 12 - 18. The basic virtue of "Love" shows successful completion of what stage, according to Erikson? Stage 6, Intimacy vs. Isolation What age should one successfully complete stage 2, Autonomy vs. Shame, according to Erikson? 1 .5 - 3 Successful completion of stage 8, Ego Integrity vs. Despair, will produce what basic virtue, according to Erikson? Wisdom Stagnation vs. Generatively should occur in what age range, according to Erikson? 40 - 65 What is the basic virtue associated with successful completion of stage 1, Trust vs. Mistrust, according to Erikson? Hope "Competency" is the basic virtue obtained upon completion of which stage, according to Erikson? Stage 4, Industry vs. Inferiority Name Erikson's 8 Psychosocial Stages.

1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Shame
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair If successful completion of Erikson's Stage 1, Trust vs. Mistrust, is not obtained, what characteristic does that produce? Fear If successful completion of Erikson's Stage 5, Identity vs. Role Confusion, is not obtained, what characteristic does that produce? Negative identity; unhappiness If successful completion of Erikson's Stage 6, Intimacy vs. Isolation is not obtained, what characteristic does that produce? Loneliness If successful completion of Erikson's Stage 3, Initiative vs. Guilt, is not obtained, what characteristic does that produce? Guilt, Self doubt If successful completion of Erikson's Stage 7, Generativity vs. Stagnation, is not obtained, what characteristic does that produce? Disconnection A healthy, well adjusted person who is 35 years old should be in what stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson? Stage 6, Intimacy vs. Isolation A healthy, well adjusted person who is 8 years old should be in what stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson? Stage 4, Industry vs. Inferiority A healthy, well adjusted person who is 17 years old should be in what stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson? Stage 5, Identity vs. Role Confusion A healthy, well adjusted person who is 4 years old should be in what stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson?

Strage 3, Initiative vs. Guilt _________________________ studies human and animal behavior, and focuses on what is observable and measurable. Behaviorism _______________ ___________________ is credited with discovering classical conditioning Ivan Pavlov ______________________ conditioning describes a type of conditioning is that is achieved through repeated, external stimuli. Classical An unconditioned or unlearned response is also known as a _________________. (Pavlov) Reflex A _______________________ is a stimulus that elicits a response after repeatedly being paired with an unconditioned stimulus. (Pavlov) conditioned stimulus (CS) A conditioned reflex, or a conditioned response, is a _______________ response. learned A behavior caused by a conditioned stimulus is called a _____________________. (Pavlov) Conditioned response (CR) Pavlov's dogs were conditioned with a stimulus (a tone) while being fed. What did this stimulus produce in the dogs? A conditioned reflex (CR). Salivation. Classical conditioning (systemic desensitization) can help people with ________________. phobias We have an expert-written solution to this problem! B.F. Skinner is known for ______________________ conditioning

operant Operant conditioning can be described as using ______________ and ________________ to achieve a desired behavior. Rewards, punishments B.F. Skinner taught _______________ to "read" with operant conditioning techniques. Pigeons ______________ ______________ is known for his work in social learning. Albert Bandura According to Bandura, human beings learn by watching and imitating others. He called this phenomenon ____________________. Modeling The Theory of Cognitive Development was introduced by Jean Piaget Piaget believed that development happened naturally, on its own, through maturation. True or False? True How many stages are in Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development? Name them. 4; Sensorimotor; Pre-Operational; Concrete Operational; Formal Operational According to Piaget, development is determined by biological maturation and interaction with the ______________________ environment In Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, each stage involves a different type of _____________. Intelligence The 1st (first) stage of development according to Piaget is the ________________ stage. This occurs from birth until ______ to ______ months old. Sensorimotor. 18 - 24. The goal of Piaget's 1st (first) stage of development is _____________________. Object permanence The second stage of development according to Piaget is the _________________ stage. This occurs from _____ years old until ___________ years old.

Preoperational. 2, 7 The goal of Piaget's 2nd (second) stage of development is _____________________. Symbolic thought. The 3rd (third) stage of development according to Piaget is the _________________ stage. This occurs from _____ years old until ___________ years old. Concrete operational; 7, 1 1 The goal of Piaget's 3rd (third) stage of development is _____________________. Logical thought The 4th (fourth) stage of development according to Piaget is the _________________ stage. This occurs from ________________ into _______________. Formal operational. Adolescence, adulthood. The goal of Piaget's 4th (fourth) stage of development is _____________________. Scientific reasoning In Piaget's Cognitive Development theory, knowing that an object still exists, even if it is hidden is known as ______________________ _________________________. Object Permanence Toward the end of _________ stage, according to Piaget, a child will have mastered general symbolic function (the capacity to represent the world mentally). Sensorimotor During the __________________ stage, according to Piaget, young children can think about things symbolically. Preoperational