Motivation and Emotion - Basic Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Introduction to Psychology

Download Motivation and Emotion - Basic Psychology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Introduction to Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! MOTIVATION AND EMOTION Practice Question
Gabriela’s mother practices the authoritative style of parenting. This suggests that Gabriela’s mother ______. Motivation
Purpose or cause of an action
Energizes and __________ behavior
Emotion↔ Motivation
Fulfilled/Unfulfilled motives cause emotions Motivation as Drives
Motivation is within the organism
Drives ______ you in a certain direction
Homeostasis
Equilibrium
What about:
Knowledge
Overeating Need: state of deficiency Drive: psychological state to satisfy a need Docsity.com Optimal Arousal
Needs→ Arousal→ Behavior
More arousal  Better performance?
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Optimal arousal level (bored) (overload) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Some needs take precedence over others Fulfilled first Fulfilled later Self-actualization: • Need to be and do that which you were "born to do“ • Fulfill your potential Eating: Bottom of Pyramid
Why do we eat?
Hunger
Pleasure
Social influences
What do we eat?
Innate preferences  Prefer sweet  Avoid bitter
Learned preferences Biology of Hunger
“I’m hungry”
Ghrelin  Chemical from stomach
Lateral hypothalamus
“I’m full”
Leptin  Hormone from fat cells
Ventromedial hypothalamus  Damage to this area Docsity.com 1. Behavioral component
Characteristic overt expressions 2. Physiological component
Bodily arousal
Autonomic Nervous System 3. Cognitive component
Subjective, personal conscious experience
Pleasant↔ Unpleasant Emotion Emotions According to Darwin
an organism’s adaptive response to the environment
nonverbal communication "...the young and the old of widely different races, both with man and animals, express the same state of mind by the same movements." Emotions are adaptive
Fear
Survival by avoiding danger
Humans survive better in social groups
Anxiety
Guilt
Embarrassment Classifying Emotions: Valence and Arousal Positive valence Negative valence High arousal Low arousal pleasant relaxation joy sadness fear anger happiness Positive Affect Negative Affect Docsity.com Positive vs. Negative Emotions
Negative emotions
Prepare for _________ actions
Ex. Fight or flight
Positive emotions
Prepare for ______________ actions
Broaden-and-build model Behavior: Emotional Expression
Observable signs of emotional expression
Voice
Body language
Facial expressions  Especially important for humans Basic Emotions 1. Anger 2. Fear 3. Disgust 4. Surprise 5. Happiness 6. Sadness Ekman’s Conclusions
Evidence for 6 basic emotions with cross- culturally recognized expressions does exist
emotions are biologically driven
Darwin’s view of innate emotions was correct Docsity.com Insincere Expressions
We can use emotional expressions for our own purposes
To communicate your intentions
To manipulate others
But some characteristics give us away… Duchenne vs. Pan-American smiles “Real” vs. “Fake” smiles Facial Feedback Hypothesis facial expressions influence our emotional experiences Physiological Component
Autonomic arousal
Sympathetic Arousal: What does that do again?
Does Each Emotion Have a Distinctive Physiological Pattern?
Not in an absolute sense (between-persons)
But within and individual, yes:  Heart Rate Acceleration  Skin Conductance Real World Application: Emotions and Lie Detection
Polygraph
Assumes that lying will make a person feel anxious/nervous  arousal
Controlled Question Test
Usually does better than chance, but…  Many false positives  Can also yield false negatives Docsity.com