Motivation and Emotion: Understanding Behavior and Emotional Responses, Slides of Research Methodology

Download Motivation and Emotion: Understanding Behavior and Emotional Responses and more Slides Research Methodology in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion Docsity.com Motivation • Dynamics of behavior that initiate, sustain, direct, and terminate actions Docsity.com More Terms • Homeostasis: Body equilibrium; balance • Circadian Rhythm: Cyclical changes in bodily function and arousal levels that vary on a schedule approximating a 24 hour day Docsity.com Stimulus Drives • Reflect needs for information, exploration, manipulation, and sensory input • Yerkes-Dodson Law: If a task is simple, it is best for arousal to be high; if it is complex, lower levels of arousal provide for the best performance Docsity.com How to Cope With Test Anxiety • Preparation • Relaxation • Rehearsal • Restructuring thoughts Docsity.com Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs • Maslow’s ordering of needs based on presumed strength or potency; some needs are more powerful than others and thus will influence your behavior to a greater degree Docsity.com Maslow’s Needs • Basic Needs: First four levels of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy – Lower needs tend to be more potent than higher needs • Growth Needs: Higher-level needs associated with self-actualization • Meta-Needs: Needs associated with impulses for self-actualization Docsity.com Esteem and self-esteem Basic Needs Love and belonging = Esteem and self-esteem Safety and security Physiological needs: air, food, water, sleep, sex, etc. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 5 eo Tncthson Higher Education (‘® Se Docsity.com Physiological Changes • Include changes in heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and other involuntary bodily responses • Adrenaline: Hormone produced by adrenal glands that arouses the body Docsity.com Emotional Expression • Outward signs of what a person is feeling – Emotional Feelings: Private emotional experience Docsity.com Brain and Emotion • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Neural system that connects brain with internal organs and glands • Sympathetic Branch: Part of ANS that activates body for emergency action • Parasympathetic Branch: Part of ANS that quiets body and conserves energy – Parasympathetic Rebound: Overreaction to intense emotion Docsity.com Categories of Lie Detector Questions • Irrelevant Questions: Neutral, emotional questions in a polygraph test • Relevant Questions: Questions to which only someone guilty should react by becoming anxious or emotional • Control Questions: Questions that almost always provoke anxiety in a polygraph (e.g. “Have you ever taken any office supplies?”) Docsity.com Body Language (Kinesics) • Study of communication through body movement, posture, gestures, and facial expressions • Facial Blends: Mix of two or more basic expressions Docsity.com Three Types of Facial Expressions • Pleasantness-Unpleasantness: Degree to which a person is experiencing pleasure or displeasure • Attention-Rejection: Degree of attention given to a person or object • Activation: Degree of arousal a person is experiencing Docsity.com James-Lange Theory • Emotional feelings follow bodily arousal and come from awareness of such arousal Docsity.com Cannon-Bard Theory • The thalamus (in brain) causes emotional feelings and bodily arousal to occur at the same time Docsity.com Schachter’s Cognitive Theory • Emotions occur when a label is applied to general physical arousal Docsity.com A Modern View of Emotion • Emotional Appraisal: Evaluating personal meaning of a stimulus • Emotional Intelligence: Combination of skills, including empathy, self-control, self- awareness, sensitivity to feelings of others, persistence, and self-motivation Docsity.com Elements of Emotional Intelligence • Self-awareness • Managing emotions • Understanding emotions • Using emotion • Emotional flexibility Docsity.com