MRSO PREP EXAM Questions with Answers: Latest Updates 2024, Exams of Nursing

Download MRSO PREP EXAM Questions with Answers: Latest Updates 2024 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

MRSO PREP EXAM Questions with 100%

Answers Latest Updates 2024 TOP RATED

A+

Peripheral nerve stimulation can be described by which of the following? a. Faraday's law of induction b. Ohm's law c. Lenz's law d. Planks Law - correct answer b. Faraday's law of induction (describes the induction of electrical current in the presence of a changing magnetic field). Lenz's force describes the opposing forces created. Ohm's law deals with the resistance of current along a wire. Gad contrast has been found in the body in what form? Select all that apply. a. Water-soluble b. Non-water soluble - correct answer a, b Which of the following would we expect to be the loudest sequence? a. GRASS b. Fast spin echo c. Conventional gradient sequence d. FLAIR - correct answer a. GRASS The FLAIR and fast spin echo are considered spin echo sequences; they do not have extremely fast changing gradient, so will not produce as much noise. Which of the following has a steeper spatial magnetic gradient?

a. Vertical B b. Horizontal B0 - correct answer a. Vertical B The strongest gradient strength will reach maximum strength how far from isocenter? a. 5-20 cm b. 20-40 cm c. 30-60 cm d. 5-15 cm - correct answer c. 30-60 cm Which of the following is true of gad and breastfeeding mothers? Select all that apply. a. Gad is found in breast milk in a stable and chelated form b. It is thought that gad contrast may alter the taste of breastmilk. c. Available data suggests that breastmilk should be pumped and discarded for 24 hours after the IV dose d. 20% of the intravascular dose would be excreted into the breastmilk within the first 24 hours. - correct answer a, b Which of the following will influence peripheral nerve stimulation? a. Static magnetic field b. Magnetic field at isocenter c. Patient weight d. Slew rate - correct answer d. Slew rate Which of the following pulse sequences would we expect to see the least patient heating? a. Incoherent gradient b. STIR

c. Fast spin echo d. EPI - correct answer d. EPI A patient comes in with a 1 cm brain aneurysm clip and you find the package which lists what metal it is made from. Which of the following metals would make it unsafe to scan this patient? a. Elgiloy b. Phynox c. MP35N d. 405 Stainless steel - correct answer d. 405 Stainless steel Phynox, elgiloy, titanium, and 316 stainless steel are non-ferrous. 17 - 7PH and 405 stainless steel are ferrous Which of the following are true of Lenz's force? a. Occurs because of the interaction between a ferrous object and the static magnetic field b. Influences objects that are electrically conductive c. Influence on an object depends on the field strength d. Increases with the rate of motion through the static magnetic field. - correct answer b, c, d Lenz's law is caused when an electrically conductive object (not ferrous) interacts with a strong magnetic field. The speed that the object translates through the magnetic field as well as its dimensions, orientation, and the overall magnetic field will influence the amount of Lenz's force on an object. This force acts as a repulsive force when translating through the static magnetic field. A patient is having an MR lumbar spine in normal mode. We know that the SAR will not exceed which of the following? a. 4 W/kg b. 3 W/kg c. 2 W/kg

d. 1 W/kg - correct answer c. 2 W/kg An MR conditional implant should minimally address which of the following? Select all that apply. a. Switched gradient magnetic fields b. Patient position c. Radiofrequency fields d. Static magnetic field - correct answer a, c, d Where would we expect to see hotspots? a. Areas in the near field b. Areas with low dielectric constants c. Areas under the transmit RF coil d. All the choices are correct - correct answer d. All the choices are correct There is a large number of literature that suggests that patients in sickle cell crisis who receive gad contrast can develop many complications, even death. a. True b. False - correct answer b. False Which of the following slew rates would produce the greatest chance for peripheral nerve stimulation? a. 180 T/m/s b. 200 T/m/s c. 100 T/m/s d. 125 T/m/s - correct answer b. 200 T/m/s The ICNIRP sets and occupational dose of _______ to the head and torso. a. Spatial peak magnetic flux density of 6T b. Spatial peak magnetic flux density of 4T c. Spatial peak magnetic flux density of 2T

d. Spatial peak magnetic flux density of 1T - correct answer c. Spatial peak magnetic flux density of 2T A patient is having MR pelvis exam. Where would we expect the patient to experience peripheral nerve stimulation? a. Head b. Legs c. Groin d. Feet - correct answer b. Legs The amount of patient heating depends on which of the following? a. Surface area b. Receiver coil c. Patient mass d. Controlled operation - correct answer a, b, c, d Which of the following will demonstrate translational force? Select all that apply. a. A titanium hip replacement b. A steel aneurysm clip c. A cobalt heart stent d. Gad contrast - correct answer b. A steel aneurysm clip Cobalt, titanium and gad are non-ferrous. They will not demonstrate translational force. Steel is and will translate and rotate in the presence of a static magnetic field. Which of the following are bioeffects associated with the time-varying gradient magnetic field? Select all that apply. a. Peripheral nerve stimulation b. Heating c. Magnetohydrodynamic effect d. Magnetophosphenes - correct answer a, d

There's been no evidence of heating associated with the time-varying gradient fields. Magnetophosphenes and peripheral nerve stimulation have to do with a fast changing magnetic field. We find this with the time-varying gradient field. Magnetohydrodynamic effect has to do with the static magnetic field and flow potential. Which of the following is true of a 3T MRI? Select all that apply. a. It will produce more stimulation at isocenter than other field strengths. b. Will have a larger maximum spatial gradient than a 1.0 T unit c. It will have a higher whole body SAR limit in normal mode than the normal mode at a 1.5 T d. Have more chance for peripheral nerve stimulation than at 1.5T - correct answer b. Will have larger maximum spatial gradient than a 1.0 T unit. Passive metallic implants <2cm are not expected to heat up during image acquisition. a. True b. False - correct answer a. True The strength of the gradient field will reach a maximum strength of what? a. 10-30 mT b. 40-60 mT c. 20-40 mT d. 0-20 mT - correct answer c. 20-40 mT (0.04 T = 40 mT) Which of the following describes the translational magnetic field demonstrated to a patient at a specific location? a. dB/dt b. dB/dx c. dB/dt*B - correct answer b. dB/dx

The static magnetic limit for the general public for any body part is set to what? a. 4T b. 400 mT c. 2T d. 200 mT - correct answer b. 400 mT (0.4T) The quench vent outside the MR facility is inspected by whom? a. MR tech b. Manufacturer engineer c. Facility engineer d. MRMD - correct answer c. Facility engineer (The quench vent in the MR room is inspected by the manufacturer engineer) What type of gad contrast has been shown to cause falsely low serum calcium laboratory values? a. Linear ionic b. Linear non-ionic c. Macrocyclic d. There is no correlation - correct answer b. Linear non-ionic Pregnant patient should never receive contrast. a. True b. False - correct answer b. False We are scanning a cardiac MRI. What body part would we expect to experience peripheral nerve stimulation? a. Knee b. Foot c. Heart

d. Head - correct answer d. Head To date, most mechanical valves are unsafe at field strength of 3.0 T. a. True b. False - correct answer b. False All tested heart valves are conditional at field strengths of 4.7 T or less Where would you expect to see the most heating on the IVC filter? a. the end of the wires b. the middle of the wires c. at the top of the filter - correct answer a. the end of the wires (smallest diameter) Which of the following will increase the chance that an implant will cause a burn in our patient? Select all that apply. a. A tattoo that uses yellow ink is within the RF field b. A bullet is within the RF field c. Part of a temporary epicardial pacing wire is outside the patient's body. d. A hip replacement is found in the RF field - correct answer c. Part of a temporary epicardial pacing wire is outside the patient's body. All the zones need to be represented with signage except: a. Zone I b. All the zones must be represented with signage c. Zone II d. Zone IV e. Zone III - correct answer b. All the zones must be represented with signage Which of the following is true of gad retention? Select all that apply.

a. Seen in bone and brain tissue b. Seen in renal compromised patients c. Result in transmetallization d. Every linear agent produces the same amount of retention in the brain - correct answer a. Seen in bone & brain tissue Why is it recommended to tape or wrap gauze around jewelry? a. To make sure translational force does not occur b. To reduce contact with the skin c. To make sure rotational force does not occur d. To reduce the magnetic susceptibility - correct answer b. To reduce contact with the skin Purpose is to reduce burning; wrapping doesn't reduce magnetic susceptibility. What is the greatest risk to a patient with a brain aneurysm clip while lying at isocenter? The patient is having a brain MR scan. a. Translational force b. Heating c. Rotational force d. Peripheral nerve stimulation - correct answer c. Rotational force There is no translational force at isocenter, but will find maximal rotational force. This means torqueing or turning of the aneurysm clip is the main concern. Even during acquisition, the heating and peripheral nerve stimulation risk is minimal. Gad can be ingested. a. True b. False - correct answer a. True

Which of the following increase the odds that a patient will have an allergic reaction to gad contrast? Select all that apply. a. Patient over 60 years old b. Thyroid disease c. Hypertension d. Prior reactions to iodinated contrast - correct answer a, c, d What size wire or loop would we expect to find the greatest heating? a. A wire half the wavelength of the transmit frequency b. The shorter the wire or loop, the greater the heating c. A wire the same length as our transmit frequency d. The larger the wire or loop, the greater the heating - correct answer a. A wire half the wavelength of the transmit frequency Which of the following are true of an MR safe object? Select all that apply. a. Non-conductive b. Non-metallic c. Non-magnetic d. Can be metallic, but will not cause harm to a patient - correct answer a, b, c Which of the following was a sign to researchers that something was happening to renal compromised patients who received gad contrast prior to uncovering the link of gad contrast and NSF? a. Elevated levels of zinc in the urine b. Nausea immediately after a bolus of gad contrast c. Hyperintense areas in the brain were seen on T1 weighted images d. Confusion and chronic headaches in patients 1 month after their injection - correct answer a. Elevated levels of zinc in the urine Transmetallization was occurring in renal compromised patients. This caused the gad ion to fall off the ligand and float off. A zinc ion would attach to the ligand and be urinated out of the body.

Which of the following are responsible for producing the burns seen in the MRI? a. Magnetic fields b. E-fields c. Time-varying gradients fields d. All of the choices - correct answer b. E-fields *The MAGNETIC FIELDS itself will not produce heat, but allows us to manipulate our hydrogen nuclei. *The TIME-VARYING GRADIENT FIELDS have not shown to be involved in patient heating. *The ELECTRICAL FIELDS accompany the magnetic fields and will produce the burns that we see in MRI. A sequence is run with peak sound pressure of 150 dB. The patient is wearing earplugs and is still exposed to 102 dBA. Is this within FDA regulation? a. No b. Yes - correct answer a. No; the peak limit for pulse sequence is 140 dB. With ear protection or the A- weighted root mean squared sound pressure is limited to 99dBA Gad retention is identified because of what? a. Plaques on patient's skin b. Death c. Zinc in patient's urine d. Increased signal on a T1 weighted image - correct answer d. Increased signal on a T1 weighted image an MR fetus study is being performed. What field strength should be used to scan this patient? a. Only <4.0 T b. Only <1.5 T c. >3.0 T d. Only at 0.5 T - correct answer a. Only <4.0 T

The FDA sets the static magnetic field strength limits to patients < 1 month to 4.0 T or less. A patient has a brain aneurysm clip that is conditional up to 700 G/cm. Is this patient safe to be scanned when only considering the static magnetic field? a. Yes b. No - correct answer a. yes (aneurysm clip does not come within the 7T/m field) 700 G/cm = 7 T/m (100 G/cm = 1 T/m) What would we expect to see when a malfunctioned quench causes helium to leak into the MR room? Select all that apply. a. Decrease in the magnetic field strength b. Increase in room temperature c. Increase in room temperature d. Decrease in room temperature - correct answer a, d What type of metal will produce less magnetic susceptibility artifact in our image? a. Stainless steel b. Titanium - correct answer b. Titanium (60% less artifact than stainless steel) The ICNIRP sets and occupational dose of __________ to the limbs. a. Exposure up to 8T b. Exposure up to 2T c. Exposure up to 10 T d. Exposure up to 4T - correct answer a. 8T A patient is having an MR brain scanned in first level controlled mode with a receive only coil. We know that the SAR will not exceed which of the following? a. 2.0 W/kg

b. 8 W/kg c. 3.2 W/kg d. 4.0 W/kg - correct answer c. 3.2 W/kg What is the limit of the static magnetic field for patients >1 month old? a. 2 T b. 4 T c. 10T d. 8 T - correct answer d. 8 Which of the following is true of gad associated plaques? Select all that apply. a. This is a common occurrence in MRI b. The same thing as NSF c. Occurs when gad is ingested d. Not related to renal compromised patients. - correct answer d. Not related to renal compromised patients Which of the following are true of the static magnetic field? Select all that apply. a. Conditional implants will not be impacted by the magnetic field strength, only the spatial magnetic gradient. b. Will demonstrate a growing magnetic field as we approach the MR unit. c. Will magnetize our patient at isocenter d. Will demonstrate some attractive force on all metals. - correct answer b, c A patient has shown a maximum heat increase of +0.6 degrees Celsius at 1.5 T & 3.0 T. This increase is considered safe under the MR standards put in place. a. True b. False - correct answer a. True A sequence is run with peak unweighted sound pressure of 120dB. Is this within FDA regulation?

a. Yes b. No - correct answer a. Yes What is the limit of the static magnetic field for patients <1 month old? a. 3 T b. 2 T c. 8 T d. 4 T - correct answer d. 4 T Which of the following are NOT true of the static magnetic field? Select all that apply. a. It contains magnetic flux lines that can travel through standard walls b. Rotational force will cause the torquing of ferrous objects as they interact with magnetic flux lines c. It has been known to cause pregnancy related issues d. It is the cause of magnetohydrodynamic effects only when the table is moving - correct answer b, c, d Which of the following is considered a passive noise control technique? a. Anti-noise headphones b Earplugs c. All of the choices d. Quiet gradient sequences - correct answer b. Earplugs How does a deep brain stimulator without a generator pose the greatest threat to a patient? a. Translational force b. Heating/burning c. Peripheral nerve stimulation - correct answer b. Heating/burning The long leads can generate heat and burn our patient. The translational force may not be as threatening as the burning risk. Medtronic deep brain stimulator has a SAR limit of 0.1 W/kg and a static magnetic field of 3.0T or less.

According to the ASTM F2503 document, the MR environment refers to what? a. An area that contains the Faraday shield and the 5 Gauss line b. Anything within the 5 Gauss line c. Zone III & IV d. Zone IV - correct answer a. An area that contains the Faraday shield and the 5 Gauss line. Which of the following techniques can be used to reduce patient heating? Select all that apply. a. Increase the flip angle b. Use a single shot spin echo c. Increase repetition time d. Alternate between spin echo pulse sequences and gradient echo sequences. - correct answer c, d The quench vent in the MR room should be inspected by whom? a. MRMD b. Facility engineers c. MR tech d. Manufacture engineers - correct answer d. Manufacture engineers A patient has an iliac stent and the manufacturer instructions say to not expose the implant to a SAR of 1.9 W/kg. You are scanning a knee with a transmit-receive coil. How do you scan this patient safely? a. The patient should be scanned with a receive only coil b. The implant will not receive RF heating c. The patient should not be scanned d. The patient should be scanned in normal mode - correct answer b. The implant will not receive RF heating A conservative approach to breast feeding after a mother receives gad contrast is: a. To wait 12-24 hours to breastfeed after an IV injection of gad

b. To pump and dump breastmilk for 48 hours after an IV injection of gad c. To continue breastfeeding immediately after receiving an IV injection of gad d. To mix formula with breastmilk for 24 hours after an IV injection of gad contrast - correct answer a. To wait 12-24 hours to breastfeed after an IV injection of gad When handling a code in the MR environment, which of the following are NOT best practices? a. all the choices should not be done b. Patient should be stable prior to removing from Zone IV c. Patient must be removed from Zone IV before calling a code d. It is suggested that a patient be brought to Zone II, but can be in Zone III if necessary to resuscitate the patient - correct answer b. Patient must be stable prior to removing from Zone IV Which of the following are guidelines that can be used for scanning pacemakers on non-pacemaker dependent patients? a. A cardiologist or electrophysiologist with ACLS training must be present for the entire exam b. Pretest pacemaker function outside the MR environment c. Constant communication with the patient should take place. d. An electrophysiologist should test the device during acquisition. - correct answer a, b, c Which of the following are a result of the static magnetic field? Select all that apply. a. Implants that have ferrous components can cause harm to patients in its presence b. Translational force and rotational force can occur with ferrous objects in its presence c. Cobalt can demonstrate the missile effect in its presence d. Patients are exposed to time-varying magnetic fields in its presence. - correct answer a, b The time-varying magnetic field is produced by the gradient coils & RF transmitter. Ferrous objects can demonstrate rotational and translational forces. Cobalt is non-ferrous.

The ICNIRP states that moving through a field strength above _________ may be high enough to produce vertigo and other sensory perceptions like nausea and magnetophosphenes. a. 2 T b. 3 T c. 4 T d. 1 T - correct answer a. 2 T Which of the following agents is the most stable? a. All are equally stable b. Non-ionic linear c. Macrocyclic d. Ionic linear - correct answer c. Macrocyclic (Cages in the gad so it cannot leave the ligand) Which of the following are true of scanning at 3T? a. Increased chance for burns from implants b. Different SAR limits than 1.5 T c. More RF energy deposition in tissue than 1.5 T d. Less chance for burns from implants - correct answer c. More RF energy deposition in tissue than 1.5T All linear agents have demonstrated the same amount of gad retention. a. True b. False - correct answer b. False All of the following are incorrect when using a metal detector for screening a patient for MR threats except: a. They are a must in ensuring the safety of our patients b. They can detect objects that will not produce a threat in the MR environment

c. They will only detect ferrous objects d. They are one of the most effective means of identifying risk in MR - correct answer b. They can detect objects that will not produce a threat in the MR environment Tissue heating depends on which of the following factors? Select all that apply. a. Tissue conductivity b. Field strength c. Tissue permeability d. Dielectric constant - correct answer a, b, c, d Why is asphyxia a risk associated with a quench malfunction? a. Temperature gets so cold that the diaphragm contracts b. Helium is flammable, so if ignited, it can burn breathable air c. Air is displaced by expanding helium gas d. The changing magnetic field associated with a quench that induces the diaphragm to contract - correct answer c. Air is displaced by expanding helium gas Which of the following agents yield the best chance for transmetallization to occur? a. Macrocyclic non-ionic b. Macrocyclic ionic c. Linear ionic d. Linear non-ionic - correct answer d. Linear non-ionic Offers a very weak bond between the gad ion and the ligand. This makes it susceptible to transmetallization. (Non-ionic doesn't have the zinc ions attached, so can easily pick up another metal/ion) All of the following are true of screening patients with a ferromagnetic detector except: a. They provide a higher level of detecting MR threats when compared to a metal detector b. It will only detect objects that are attracted to a magnetic field.

c. A ferrous object must be moving through the ferromagnetic detector field in order to be detected d. Any objects that are metal or electrically conductive will be detected by a ferromagnetic detector - correct answer d. Any objects that are metal or electrically conductive will be detected by a ferromagnetic detector Which of the following are true of gad contrast? Select all that apply. a. Cases of NSF have been increasing over the past 5 years. b. It is hypothesized that gad retention is due to it following pathways that other minerals such as iron and calcium do c. Gad is not linked to NSF d. Gad retention has been linked to gad associated plaques - correct answer b. It is hypothesized that gad retention is due to it following pathways that other minerals such as iron and calcium do