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MTMI dexa review questions with correct
answers
According to WHO, for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, based on the measurement of bone density is Answer✓✓ 2.5 SDs or more below the young adult peak bone density What is the most common technique that is used to measure BMD Answer✓✓ DXA What is the most common osteoporosis fracture Answer✓✓ Spine In bone densitometry, what is the primary responsibility for the technologist Answer✓✓ Time What is an uncontrollable risk factor for osteoporosis Answer✓✓ Race Exercise, lifestyle choices and smoking are all classified as what Answer✓✓ Controllable risk factors of osteoporosis QCT measures more of what type of bone Answer✓✓ Trabecular Primary osteoporosis type 1 is related to what Answer✓✓ Menopause Obese patients have a higher risk factor for developing osteoporosis. True or false Answer✓✓ False Cancellous bone is also known as Answer✓✓ Trabecular bone
New bone matrix is formed by Answer✓✓ Osteoblasts What percentage of trabecular bone is found in the PA spine Answer✓✓ 33% Currently, the most accurate method to determine a patients response to therapy for osteoporosis is Answer✓✓ Serial DXA measurements of the hips and spine Corticosteroid therapy helps in achieving peak bone mass. True or false Answer✓✓ False What are the advantages of QUS over xray based methodologies for BMD measurements Answer✓✓ 1. QUS units are comparatively inexpensive
- Patients are not subjected to ionizing radiation
- Ultrasound exams are quick to perform The proximal forearm is mostly composed of what type of bone Answer✓✓ Cortical bone What is the anatomical landmark on the proximal femur that indicates the best visual indication of the degree of rotation of the proximal femur Answer✓✓ Lesser trochanter Which lumbar vertebra is described as having a characteristic shape of an X or an H on a DXA PA lumbar spine scan Answer✓✓ L Which vertebra on a PA Lumbar spine scan has the lowest BMD Answer✓✓ L
Bone mineral content (BMC) is measured in what unit Answer✓✓ Grams Which lumbar vertebra has the widest transverse process Answer✓✓ L The region of the proximal femur lying on the border of the femoral neck is termed Answer✓✓ Wards area What is important for serial monitoring Answer✓✓ Precision With change in rotation of the femoral neck, what happens Answer✓✓ Increase in BMD Primary osteoporosis is described as what Answer✓✓ Low bone mass due to menopause A healthy female the age of 36 has a t score of -1.6 SD, how would she be diagnosed Answer✓✓ 36 yr old female with no known medical conditions would need a Z score as opposed to a t score What best describes the sum of data values divided by the number of values Answer✓✓ the mean How many decimal places to the right is used in reporting T scores Answer✓✓ 1 At low energies, the majority of xray interactions are Answer✓✓ Photoelectric
What concept should always guide the radiation protection effects Answer✓✓ ALARA If a patient has hyperparathyroidism, what is the preferred site to evaluate Answer✓✓ 33% or 1/3 forearm Which cells are involved in the remodeling of bone Answer✓✓ Osteoblasts and osteoclasts The 33% radius has the highest percentage of what type of bone Answer✓✓ Cortical BMD is measured in Answer✓✓ G/cm What is the percentage of trabecular bone in the skeleton Answer✓✓ 20% How do you label the vertebral bodies on a PA Lumbar spine scan Answer✓✓ Start at L4- count up What is the major source of precision error in clinical practice Answer✓✓ The technologist BMD=BMC/area. True or false Answer✓✓ True Sunlight is the main source of which vitamin Answer✓✓ D
Two bones with the same volumetric densities may have different densities when measured with Dada because Answer✓✓ They differ in size Regarding to Shewart rules, the control limits are based on what percentage of the average values Answer✓✓ 1.5% ~ 3 SD All follow up scans should be compared to Answer✓✓ The baseline scan A DXA scanner that uses a single detector and a pinhole collimator is Answer✓✓ A pencil beam scanner To determine the least significant change at 95% confidence level, what is the number which the precision error is multiplied to determine the least significant change Answer✓✓ 2. A technologist should perform a precision study in order to Answer✓✓ Calculate the LSC How many places to the right of the decimal point is used in reporting BMD Answer✓✓ 3 The name of the forearm sites are based on what Answer✓✓ The location of the site on the bone in relationship to the overall length of the ulna What skeletal site may be preferred for assessing early menopause or following an oophorectomy Answer✓✓ Spine
When analyzing a PA spine, what is prohibited Answer✓✓ Width being operators choice If you were to get a new DXA machine, what would need to be done in order to compare prior studies Answer✓✓ Cross-calibration Running, dancing and racket sports are all examples of what Answer✓✓ Weight- bearing exercises What types of bone are effected by long term use of steroids Answer✓✓ Trabecular, cancellous How would a laminectomy effect the results of a bone density Answer✓✓ Decrease the BMD What are the two most common methods for shifting energies in DXA units Answer✓✓ Energy switching K-edge filtration Why do you use a leg block when performing the PA spine on a DXA scan Answer✓✓ 1. Reduce lordotic curve
- Seperate the vertebrae
- Operators manual said so
- Feels good to patient What is the term often used to express the precision of the DXA unit Answer✓✓ %CV
Coffee, alcohol and smoking all are risk factors of osteoporosis. True or False Answer✓✓ True What is the gold standard to measure bone densite Answer✓✓ DXA Cortical bone makes up what Answer✓✓ The outer core of the bones Osteoporosis is usually asymptomatic. True of false Answer✓✓ True Back pain and height loss may be the first signs of osteoporosis. True or false. Answer✓✓ True Kyphosis is common in patients with osteoporosis. True or false. Answer✓✓ True African Americans are at higher risk to develop osteoporosis in comparison to asians. True or false. Answer✓✓ False What are the four classifications that apply to the heel Answer✓✓ Appendicular, peripheral, 95% trabecular bone, weight bearing Secondary osteoporosis is defined by Answer✓✓ Bode loss caused by factors other than estrogen deficiency and aging The forearm, pelvis and scapula all belong to which skeletal classification Answer✓✓ Appendicular
When there is an imbalance/uncoupling of the remodeling cycle, the result it Answer✓✓ A net loss in the bone mass During a DXA scan of the hip of a thin patient, a mothed or moth eaten appearance at the edge is seen. What is helpful to correct this Answer✓✓ Use a slower speed setting What is the bone edge detection methodology Answer✓✓ It tests the machines ability to distinguish bone from soft tissue What sites are preferred for children Answer✓✓ Lumbar spine and TBLH Z scores are used for making a diagnosis of a child. True or false. Answer✓✓ True When diagnosing a Child, what is preferred? Osteopenia or low for age Answer✓✓ Low for age Pediatric software is highly recommended for diagnosing children. True or false Answer✓✓ True What is the only anabolic pharmaceutical on the market for treatment of osteoporosis Answer✓✓ Teriparatide For low energies, the most common process of absorption is Answer✓✓ Photoelectric effect How many patients and how many times do you scan them in order to perform a precision study Answer✓✓ 15 patients, 3 times
In regards to the international society for clinical densitometry 2013 official positions, osteoporosis cannot be diagnosed in men under 50 on the basis of BMD alone. True or false Answer✓✓ True Cortical bone is also knows as what Answer✓✓ Compact With fan beam scanners, scanning occurs point by point. True or false. Answer✓✓ False Discordance is a term that is rarely used in DXA. True or false. Answer✓✓ False. Always used. The smaller the %CV, the better the accuracy and precision. True or false Answer✓✓ True Rheumatoid arthritis can contribute to the development of osteoporosis. True or false Answer✓✓ True Bone loss occurs when resorption exceeds formation. True or false Answer✓✓ True T scores are useful to the expression of relative risk. True or false Answer✓✓ True The scores should be used in serial monitoring. True or false Answer✓✓ False; BMD should be used Sievert refers to effective dose. True or false Answer✓✓ True
The measurement of the variability or the spread of data around the mean is termed standard deviation. True or false Answer✓✓ True Accuracy is most important for diagnosis, less important for serial monitoring. True or false Answer✓✓ True The ultra distal part of the forearm is mostly trabecular bone. True or false Answer✓✓ True Cortical bone is primarily effected with an estrogen deficient woman. True or false Answer✓✓ Flase; trabecular bone is effected Precision is the ability to reproduce a measurement when performed under identical conditions. True or false Answer✓✓ True The tanner and Whitehouse (tw2) method is often used to indicate bone age in children. True or false Answer✓✓ True The t score is the number of SDs an individuals BMD is from average BMD for sex matched young normal peak bone mass. True or false Answer✓✓ True With fan beam scanner a solid state/Multi element array detector system is used. True or false Answer✓✓ True Dexa is measured in Answer✓✓ G/cm Accuracy indicates how close a measured value is to the actual value. True or false. Answer✓✓ True
