MTMI questions with correct answers., Exams of Nursing

Download MTMI questions with correct answers. and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

MTMI questions with correct answers

0 Answer✓✓ What BIRAD category requires what additional imaging study is recommended? false Answer✓✓ T/F: if laser printer results fall outside control limits it is ok to still print clinical images 8 Answer✓✓ 1 in _ US women will develop breast cancer during her lifetime 300 Answer✓✓ MQSA requires no more than _ millirads per image upper outer Answer✓✓ largest number of cancers are found in the __ quadrant Down Answer✓✓ lateral lesions will move _ on the ML relative to the MLO Up Answer✓✓ medial lesions will move _ on the ML relative to the MLO tail of spence Answer✓✓ an extension of the tissue of the breast that extends into the axilla estrogen Answer✓✓ _ produces growth of ducts prolactin/progesterone Answer✓✓ _ produces lobular development

anode heel effect Answer✓✓ refers to the intensity of the x-ray beam, produced from the x-ray tube, which is not uniform in all portions of the beam quality control Answer✓✓ detect and correct potential problems, before they impact image quality and care annual medical physicist survey (MQSA inspection) Answer✓✓ -a detailed technical eval of the unit -a detailed measure of limits of a unit -the optimization of the unit Answer✓✓ QC TESTS

1. purpose: asses the quality and consistency
2. frequency: at least weekly
3. equipment and procedure:
4. performance criteria
5. corrective action 4 Fibers 3 groups of specks (6 per group) 3 masses Answer✓✓ phantom imaging test: you must see: _ Fibers _ groups of specks ( _ per group) _ masses

weekly Answer✓✓ how often should viewboxes be evaluated? viewboxes Answer✓✓ what is the procedure that involves cleaning surfaces with window cleaner and soft paper towels? 3000 Answer✓✓ ACR suggest that luminance levels for mammograpgic viewboxes be at least _ cd/m luminance increase = increase in contrast Answer✓✓ _ is the amount of light coming out of the viewbox illuminance increase = decrease in contrast Answer✓✓ _ is the amount of ambient room light shining down on the viewboxes (want it to be as close to 0 as possible) semi annually Answer✓✓ How often should compression be tested? compression Answer✓✓ the procedure when you place a towel on the detector and then place a bathroom towel with the dial out for easy reading. Then read and document the _ force with both the power drive and manually 25-40 Answer✓✓ the compression force should range from _ - _ pound in drive mode

1. reduces scatter radiation

2. increases contrast
3. reduces radiation to the breast
4. improves image sharpness
5. minimizes focal spot blurring
6. minimizes patient motion
7. results in more uniform image densities Answer✓✓ What are the 7 reasons for compression?? extracapsular Answer✓✓ when implants envelope and capsule rupture and implant leaks into surrounding tissue intracapsular Answer✓✓ when implants envelope ruptures inside the fibrous capsule Image Acquisition Answer✓✓ x-rays are generated, pass through the breast and are captured by the image receptor - in digital mammography the receptor is the digital detector indirect Answer✓✓ _ digital capture involves a light step direct Answer✓✓ _ digital capture does not involve a light step Analog Answer✓✓ the image detector converts the _ signals to digital information (1's and 0's) which is sent to the computer digital detector Answer✓✓ measures the quantity of x-ray photons that pass through x-rays into electrical charge

2. convert that energy to electrical charge Answer✓✓ what are 2 purposes of digital detectors?
3. pixel size (smaller = better)
4. wide latitude (more bits = more gray)
5. high efficiency (determined by DQE; high is better)
6. low noise Answer✓✓ what are 4 properties to look for in a digital detector? more Answer✓✓ the _ bit you have, the more shades of grey are possible bits Answer✓✓ _ per pixel determines the contrast available in the image size Answer✓✓ pixel _ determines spatial resolution depth Answer✓✓ pixel _ determines contrast and latitude width Answer✓✓ window _ controls contrast level Answer✓✓ window _ controls brightness 3 Answer✓✓ MQSA minimum for review workstation monitors is _MP HL7 (health level 7) Answer✓✓ universal language for the storage and transmission of patient info for the medical community so HIS can communicate in all medical centers

DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) Answer✓✓ the universal language for the storage and transmission of images for the medical community -handles, stores, prints, and transmits images 15-30% Answer✓✓ _ % of cancers are not detected on 2D mammography simple cyst Answer✓✓ thin watery fluid, smooth borders, aneochoic, round or oval, posterior enhancement describes: galactography Answer✓✓ done to evaluate the lactiferous ducts when there is spontaneous nipple discharge; contrast agents are injected into the discharging duct to look for blockage or filling defect sentinel node procedure Answer✓✓ determines if newly diagnosed breast cancer has metastasized to the sentinels nodes sentinel node procedure Answer✓✓ isosulfan blue & radioactive isotopes are injected into the lesion, a gamma detector is used to locate the path of drainage from the tumor to the lymph nodes underexposed Answer✓✓ in digital mammography if an image looks washed out it is _ Answer✓✓ MQSA Requirements for labeling:

• patient name and ID number

weekly - correct non-uniformities Answer✓✓ How often should the flatfield/detector calibration be done? weekly (with acrylic block) checks for dead pixels, banding, ghosting, and etc. artifacts Answer✓✓ how often should the artifact eval be done? weekly Answer✓✓ how often should the CNR (contrast to noise ratio) QC be done? weekly (with ACR Phantom) assures high resolution image at an adequate dose should always be at least 40 or higher Answer✓✓ how often should the SNR (signal to noise ratio) QC be done? monthly Answer✓✓ how often should the MTF (modulation transfer function) test be done? weekly Answer✓✓ how often should the laser image QC be done? (SNR) signal to noise Answer✓✓ A measure of how much true signal versus how much noise a particular image has, which results in a grainy appearance resolution

the higher the MTF the better the preservation of the resolution beginning with the digital signal generated to the final image viewed Answer✓✓ Modulation transfer function (MTF) describes the _ of the final digital image weeks when clinical images will be printed Answer✓✓ When should QC be done on laser printers? Laser printer QC Answer✓✓ printing a test pattern from the FFDM and measuring densities of the printed image (Hologic) or following procedures spec'd by the printer manufacturer (GE) 0.15 Answer✓✓ for hologic laser printer QC assure densities of weekly test films are within _ of these operating levels true Answer✓✓ T/F: if laser printer results fall into warning track it is ok to still print clinical images Monitor calibration QC uses SMPTE pattern or AAPM task group 18 pattern Answer✓✓ when review workstation must be tested by MP prior to for interpretation -detects changes which may degrade image quality Mammography Quality Standards Act (became law 10/27/92) congress tasked with FDA Answer✓✓ What does MQSA stand for?

-you can NOT count stereo or needle localizations Answer✓✓ how many mammograms need to be completed every 2 year period for continuing experience?

1. complete the CEU's until you have 15
2. perform 25 supervised exams
3. re-qualifying 200 mamms needs 6 months to do Answer✓✓ What can be done if you fall short on CEUs or continuing experience? 5 Answer✓✓ if a patient is a returning patient, the facility must retain films for a minimum of _ years? 10 Answer✓✓ if the facility only has 1 study or the last study of the patient, the facility must retain that 1 study for _ years
4. name of facility
5. name of patient
6. additional patient qualifier (DOB or SS#)
7. name of interpreting physician
8. BIRAD cat Answer✓✓ what all should the medical report include? Answer✓✓ Cat 0: incomplete: need additional image eval Cat 1: negative Cat 2: benign Cat 3: probably benign Cat 4: suspicious

Cat 5: highly suggestive of malignancy Cat 6: known malignancy 1 and 2 Answer✓✓ What BIRAD category requires to continue routine screening based on practice guidelines? 3 Answer✓✓ What BIRAD category requires short interval follow up imaging (must indicate what imaging and when)? 4 and 5 Answer✓✓ What BIRAD category requires indication of specified biopsy? 6 Answer✓✓ What BIRAD category confirms the presence of cancer after biopsy, before or during treatment? 30 days -suspicious findings should be communicated within 5 business days Answer✓✓ how many days should the written report be sent out to the patient? medical audit Answer✓✓ once a year each interpreting physician needs to participate in a __ to discuss the numbers of false negatives, false positives, or incorrect interpretations infection control Answer✓✓ each facility must maintain documentation that clean procedures are being followed and carried out

-fill out an application from the ACR for each mamm unit and send a payment for each with it -after the application is accepted, 45 days to select the best images (4 fatty breast, 4 dense breast, phantom) -ACR sends images out of state for interpertation to be graded on density, contrast, positioning, artifacts, etc. -pass or fail the radiologist sends them to a 2nd out of state radiologist to be graded -if both rads pass, the machines pass or if both fail, the machines fail -if one rad passes and one fails sent onto a 3rd rad as a tie breaker -*a medical physicist pass/fail the phantom abscess Answer✓✓ a localized area of infection, usually painful; common in lactating breasts acinus Answer✓✓ a small sac-like dilation, found in glands acini cells Answer✓✓ smallest functional unit of the breast adenolipoma Answer✓✓ a benign tumor containing glandular and fatty tissue adenocarcinoma Answer✓✓ a round or oval shaped cancer, often adhering to other tissues adenoma Answer✓✓ a benign tumor with gland-like structures and intervening supporting stroma, usually well circumscribed tending to compress rather than "invade" adjacent tissue

adenosis Answer✓✓ a benign breast change marked by an increase in proportion of glandular (adeno-) tissue to the other kinds of tissue in the breast. (no increased risk of breast cancer) adipose Answer✓✓ fatty tissue adjuvant chemotherapy Answer✓✓ use of anticancer drugs in addition to other treatments to delay or prevent a recurrence ampulla Answer✓✓ a local dilation of the excretory duct, which functions as a reservoir of milk anastomoses Answer✓✓ connection between structures areola Answer✓✓ dark-pigmented area around the nipple aspiration Answer✓✓ removal of fluid or cells from a mass or thickening by means of a hyperdermic syringe atypia Answer✓✓ The condition of having abnormal cells, different in appearance, internal organization or behavior. This condition can be determined only by diagnosis of tissue obtained by biopsy. It carries an increased risk of subsequent breast cancer. automatic exposure control system Answer✓✓ (phototimers) are designed to automatically provide the exposure needed to produce an adequate image

chemotherapy Answer✓✓ anti-cancer drugs used when cancer has spread to the lymph nodes; indication of possible spread to other parts of the body circum-areola Answer✓✓ incision around the areola collagen Answer✓✓ the main supportive protein of skin, tendons, and connective tissues collagenosis Answer✓✓ Degenerative changes and inflammatory reactions in and among the collagenous fibers of connective tissue. Colloid carcinoma Answer✓✓ A circumscribed carcinoma containing mucinous material. colostrum Answer✓✓ thin, yellowish milk secreted by the breasts right before and right after the birth of a baby Comedocarcinoma Answer✓✓ a type of IDC, named because light pressure on the cut ends of involved ducts results in the expression of a caseous material, which represents necrotic tumor inside ducts compression device Answer✓✓ A plastic paddle used to help hold the breast stationary and eliminate blurring due to motion. Also helps to separate structures within the breast and to decrease the thickness of breast tissue. It also reduces the amount of radiation used and the amount of scattered radiation reaching the film.

compressor Answer✓✓ the device used during mammography to flatten the breast for more accurate x-rays control chart Answer✓✓ a chart used to record the performance of a quality control test as a function of time control limit Answer✓✓ the range of variation on a control chart beyond which action must be taken to correct the performance of a QC test cooper ligament Answer✓✓ thin fibrous septa that are irregular and poorly defined, that separate the lobule of the breast and act as suspensory ligaments of the gland cytology Answer✓✓ study of cells densitometer Answer✓✓ an instrument which measures the degree of blackening of film, due to radiation or light measuring the ratio of the light intensity incident on the film to the light intensity transmitted by the film density of breast tissue Answer✓✓ A measure of the amount of fibrous and glandular breast tissue. desmoplasia Answer✓✓ fibrous tissue formation in response to neoplasm Diaphanography Answer✓✓ a non-invasive technique that uses ordinary light to visualize breast masses