NACE 1 Review 300 questions with 100% verified answers rated A+, Exams of Chemistry

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Anode - correct answer The electrode of an electrochemical cell at which oxidation occurs? Anode - correct answer Electrons flow away from the ______ in the external circuit. Anode - correct answer Corrosion usually occurs and metal ions enter the solution at the ______? Cathode - correct answer The electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction is the principal reaction? Cathode - correct answer Electrons flow towards the ______ of an electrochemical cell. Cathodic Protection - correct answer A technique to reduce the corrosion of a metal surface by making that surface the cathode of an electrochemical cell. Corrosion - correct answer The deterioration of a material, usually a metal, that results from a reaction with the environment. Corrosion Cell - correct answer In order for corrosion to occur, certain conditions and elements are essential. This combination of an anode, cathode, return path and electrolyte. Crevice Corrosion - correct answer Localized corrosion of a metal surface at, or immediately adjacent to, an area that is shielded from full exposure to the environment because of close proximity of the metal surface of another material. Corrosion Inhibitor - correct answer A chemical substance or combination of substances that, when present in the environment, prevents or reduces corrosion. Electrolyte - correct answer A chemical substance containing ions that migrate in the electric field. Galvanic Series - correct answer A list of metals and alloys arranged according to their corrosion potentials in a given environment. Generalized Corrosion - correct answer Corrosion that is distributed more or less uniformly over the surface of a material. Localized Corrosion - correct answer This occurs at discrete sites on the metal surface. Mill Scale - correct answer The oxide layer formed during hot fabrication or heat treatment of metals. Passivation - correct answer A reduction of the anodic reaction rate of an electrode involved in corrosion. Pitting Corrosion - correct answer Localized corrosion of a metal surface that is confined to a small area and takes the form of cavities called pits.

Return Path (Metallic Pathway) - correct answer This connects the anode and cathode, allowing passage of electrons, generated at the anode, to the cathode. 1 - 2 - Define Corrosion: - correct answer The deterioration of a material, usually a metal, that results from a reaction with the environment. 1 - 2 - What are the elements of a corrosion cell? - correct answer This combination of an anode, cathode, return path and electrolyte. 1 - 2 - Describe what happens at the anode - correct answer The part that corrodes, dissolves in electrolytes, dissolves in the form of positively charges ions, electrons generated are conducted to the cathode 1 - 2 - What is the function of the electrolyte? - correct answer to conduct ionic current, closes the loop in the corrosion cell, 1 - 2 - What is the function of the metallic pathway? - correct answer to connect the anode to the cathode and allow passage of electrons. 1 - 2 - What is the galvanic series? - correct answer a list of materials in order of their corrosion potentials, with the most easily corroded, or most active, at the top and the least active or corroded at the bottom. 1 - 2 - What is passivation? - correct answer ...The formation of a protective oxide film on the surface reducing its chemical activity and its ability to corrode. 1 - 2 - The general rules of galvanic corrosion are? - correct answer - When dissimilar metals are connected, the most active (or anodic) metals corrodes more rapidly, while the more noble metal is better protected and corrodes less rapidly.

• As the potential difference between these two dissimilar metals increases, the rate of galvanic corrosion increases.
• Corrosion rates increase as potential differences between metals increase. 1 - 2 - Name at least 5 factors that effect the rate of corrosion. - correct answer Oxygen, temperature, chemical salts, humidity and pollutants and acid gases. 1 - 2 - General corrosion is: - correct answer A uniform loss of material over the entire surface, easy to inspect and does not cause catastrophic failures. 1 - 2 - Localized corrosion is: - correct answer discrete sites on the metal surface, pitting abd crevice, difficult to inspect. Can cause major catastrophic occurrences. 1 - 2 - List some of the common tools/methods used for corrosion control. - correct answer - Design
• Inhibitors

• Material Selection
• Cathodic Protection
• Protective Coatings
• Splash Zone Systems
• Alteration of the environment Coatings Specifications - correct answer A formal, structured document containing information on a project (such as scope, terms, schedule, inspection, etc.) Instrument Calibration History Reports - correct answer Reports that normally contain information on how frequently each instrument is to be or has been calibrated. Materials Inventory Reports - correct answer Reports that normally contain information on the inventory of jobsite materials, and are normally submitted periodically. MSDS - correct answer A form containing data of known substances in a particular product. Quality Assurance (QA) - correct answer Any systematic process that checks whether a product or service being developed is meeting specified requirements. Quality Control (QC) - correct answer A procedure intended to ensure that a manufactured product or performed service meets the requirements of the client or customer. Quality Control Technician - correct answer The inspector's role, primarily responsible for observing and reporting the technical aspects of a coating project and its conformance or deviation from the project specifications. Standards - correct answer A term applied to codes, specifications, recommended practices, procedures, classifications, test methods, and guides that provide interchangeability and compatibility. Enhance quality, safety, and economy; they are published by a standards- developing organization or group. 1 - 4 - How does NACE define the inspector's role? - correct answer as that of a quality control technician who is the primarily responsible for observing and reporting the technical aspects of a coating project and its conformance or deviation from the project specifications. Supervision is NOT considered to be part of the inspector's role. Duties are to observe, test, verify conformance (with documentation) and report. 1 - 4 - What is the inspector's responsibility when it comes to safety on a project? - correct answer Safety enforcement is not the responsibility of inspector, however, it is their responsibility to report any issues that may affect the project.

1 - 4 - Name some tests that may need to be conducted during surface preparation and coating operations. - correct answer - Check ambient conditions for proper relative humidity and dew- point parameters.

• Ensure the surface temp. is in the required range.
• Visually check for surface contaminants and perform needed tests for invisible contaminants before surface prep begins.
• Check abrasive media to ensure that it is the proper size and shape per the specification
• Check abrasives for cleanliness
• Check air compressor for air cleanliness with a blotter test
• check blast hose for proper air supply
• check the blast nozzle for size and wear conditions
• Check blasted surface for proper surface profile/anchor pattern
• verify the blasted surface for the specified level of cleanliness
• check the viscosity of the coating and its temp.
• examine the application equip. to be used, ensure that equip. is functional and in good working order with correct setups.
• check the DFT of each coat and verify that there are no drips, runs or holidays
• check surface contaminants between applications of additional coatings
• check product data sheets and material safety data sheets to ensure the proper paint is at the job site
• check and document the batch numbers
• check the mixing process ensure adherence to proper induction time
• make sure pot life is not exceeded
• verify the recoat windows 1 - 4 - Name some of the documentation/reports that may be required to be maintained on a coatings project. - correct answer - daily written report using standardized forms
• inspection log or notebook to record all inspection activity
• routine reports

• notes from weekly progress meetings
• other reports, as required by the client 1 - 4 - What are the most important characteristics of a good report. - correct answer - what was coated
• what materials were used
• when coating was done
• how it was done
• by whom it was done
• at what overall cost it was done
• what knowledge was retained in lessons learned 1 - 4 - What is the inspector's primary responsibility and what should the inspector not do as it pertains to the specification. - correct answer 1 - 4 - What type of information could you expect to find on a product data sheet? - correct answer answers to many questions about their products 1 - 4 - What type of information could you expect to find on material safety data sheet? - correct answer data about known substances in a particular product
• toxicity
• health effects
• first aid
• reactivity
• storage
• disposal
• PPE
• spill handling procedures 1 - 4 - Explain the difference between quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) - correct answer quality control adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets the requirements of the client or customer and quality assurance is the systematic process that checks whether a product or services being developed is meeting specified requirements. Dew Point - correct answer The temp. at which moisture will begin to form on a steel surface

Infrared Thermometers - correct answer Devices that measure temp., using blackbody radiation emitted from objects. Magnetic Surface Contact Thermometer - correct answer One of the most common instruments used to determine substrate temps. Psychrometric Chart - correct answer A graph of the physical properties of moist air at a constant pressure(often equated to an elevation relative to sea level) Psychrometric Tables - correct answer Booklet used to determine the relative humidity and dew-point temp. of the air. Relative Humidity - correct answer The ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the amount of water vapor present in a given volume of air at a given temp. to the amount required to saturate the air at that temp. Repeatability - correct answer The ability of the instrument to give the same readings under similar ambient and target conditions. Sling Psychrometer - correct answer The type of psychrometer most used in coating inspection. It is used to measure the ambient air temp. to calculate dew point and relative humidity. Wind Speed Monitor - correct answer An instrument to help decide if conditions are appropriate for coating application projects. 1 - 5 - Identify some of the defects that can be caused by incorrect application temps. - correct answer - blistering

• pin holing
• cratering
• dry spray
• mud cracking 1 - 5 - Describe relative humidity - correct answer its the measure of the amount of moisture in the air compared to satuartion level 1 - 5 - What is the dew point temperature? - correct answer the temp. at which moisture forms on a surface. it is the temp to which volume of air must be cooled in order to reach saturation. 1 - 5 - Name some of the effects wind may have on a coating project. - correct answer - blow abrasives past the boundaries of the abrasive-blast work area to an area where coatings are being applied
• cause excessive drift or overspray of sprayed coatings
• contribute to the formation of dry spray

• accelerate solvent evaporation after application 1 - 5 - What are some of the common errors when using an electronic hygrometer? - correct answer - readings taken in direct sunlight
• instrument being left in place too long
• removing before it stabilized
• calibrations
• equip. malfuctions 1 - 5 - Explain the process for use of the sling psychrometer. - correct answer - saturate the sock with clean water
• whirl the instrument rapidly for about 40 seconds
• read the wet-bulb temp. repeat process until the temp stabilizes., record results. Additives - correct answer Liquid components of a coating, typically added in small amounts to perform a specific function. Adhesion - correct answer The process in which dissimilar molecules cling together due to attractive forces. Can be chemical, mechanical, polar, or a combination of all three. Barrier Coatings - correct answer A coating that (1) has a high resistance to permeation of liquids and/or gases, or (2) is applied over a previously coated surface to prevent damage to the underlying coating during subsequent handling. Inhibitive Pigment - correct answer A pigment that passivates the metal surface by forming a thin, tightly adherent film or by reinforcing and plugging defects in the natural air-formed film. Binder - correct answer The nonvolatile portion of the vehicle of a formulated coating material. Inorganic Coatings - correct answer Coatings whose binders are made from non-living things, most commonly based on either silicone or zinc. Organic Coatings - correct answer Coatings whose binders are made up from living or once- living things. Pigment - correct answer The fine particles added during the manufacturing of a coating which are substantially insoluble in the vehicle, used to impart color, corrosion control, or decorative properties.

Sacrificial Coatings - correct answer Coatings that use a metal that is anodic to steel and corrodes preferentially. Essentially, sacrificial coatings provide cathodic protection, especially in the vicinity of film defects. Solvents - correct answer Added to coatings to liquefy the binder and allow for application in a productive manner. 1 - 7 - List three (3) desirable properties of a coating: - correct answer - Chemical resistance

• Water resistance
• Ease of application
• Adhesion to substrate
• Cohesive strength
• Flexibility and elongation
• Impact resistance
• abrasion resistance
• Temperature resistance
• Dielectric strength 1 - 7 - Two (2) broad classifications of a coating are: - correct answer Organic and Inorganic 1 - 7 - What are two (2) primary components of a liquid applied coating? - correct answer Pigment Additive Binder Solvent 1 - 7 - Describe the three (3) methods by which a coating provides corrosion control. - correct answer - Barrier coatings
• Inhibitive Coatings
• Sacrificial ( cathodic protection ) 1 - 7 - What are the three (3) different ways a coating can adhere to the surface? - correct answer Chemical Mechanical Polar (valance bonding)

Acrylic - correct answer A type of polymerized from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, or acrylonitrile. Alkyd - correct answer A type of resin formed by the reaction of polyhydric alcohols and polybasic acids, parts of which is derived from saturated or unsaturated oil or fats. Convertible Coatings - correct answer Coatings that cure by one of several polymerization mechanisms. even when solvent evaporation is also involved. Chlorinated Rubber - correct answer One of the earliest corrosion resistant coatings; developed in the 1930's they were widely used in many industries. Contains a large amount of VOC and its use has been almost eliminated in most parts of the world. Curing - correct answer Chemical process of developing the intended properties of a coating or other material over a period of time. Epoxy - correct answer A type of resin formed by the reaction of aliphatic or aromatic polyols (bisphenol) with epichlorohydrin and characterized by the presence of reactive oxirane and groups. Furan - correct answer A type of resin formed by the polymerization or polycondensation of furfuryl, furfuryl alcohol, or other compounds containing a furan ring. Latex Emulsions - correct answer Coatings that can contain a number of different resin particles that are covered with an emulsifier to keep them apart in the liquid stage. Nonconvertible Coatings - correct answer Coatings that cure by evaporation of the solvent. There is no chemical change to the resins as they transform from the liquid to solid state. Phenol - correct answer An organic chemical used in a very wide variety of manufactured items. Also known as carbolic acid. Thermosetting - correct answer A coating that is formed as a result of a chemical cross-linking reaction (oxidation, polymerization, chemical additive reaction, heat, or a combination of these) Thermoplastic - correct answer A material capable of being repeatedly softened by heat and hardened by cooling 1 - 8 - The two (2) broad classification for curing mechanisms are: - correct answer Nonconvertible Convertible 1 - 8 - List two (2) non-convertible coating types. - correct answer Evaporation Cure Coalescence

1 - 8 - List three (3) convertible coating curing mechanisms. - correct answer Oxidation Co-reaction Hydration Fusion 1 - 8 - List two (2) characteristics of oxidation cure coatings. - correct answer 1 - 8 - List three (3) coatings types that cure by polymerization. - correct answer Epoxies Polyurethanes Polyureas Polyaspartics Polysiloxanes 1 - 8 - Induction time is: - correct answer A period of time after mixing but before application for the chemical reaction to start. 1 - 8 - What is the main requirement for a hydration coating to cure? - correct answer Water 1 - 8 - Industrial and marine coatings are commonly referred to by: - correct answer Their generic resin type, such as alkyd, epoxy and polyurethane. 1 - 8 - Oil based coatings applied over alkaline surfaces may result in: - correct answer 1 - 9 - List five (5) of the formal sections usually contained in a good specification. - correct answer Scope of work Terms and definitions Reference standards and codes Safety Pre-job conference Surface preparation Coating materials Sampling coatings Workmanship Application Work schedule

Repairs and remedial coating work Inspection Documentation 1 - 9 - What are two (2) of the inspector's responsibilities as they relates to the specification? - correct answer Acidic Cleaners - correct answer Cleaners that remove soil by chemical attack; they dissolve the reaction products. They are usually composed of fairly strong acid, such as phosphoric acid with small quantities of surfactants, water-miscible solvents, and organic wetting and emulsifying agents. Alkaline Cleaners - correct answer Cleaners that saponify most oils and greases, and their surface-active components wash away other contaminants. These cleaners may also saponify certain coating vehicles. Ceramic Grit - correct answer Relatively expensive abrasives that are justified by their special properties. Their particles retain sharp cutting edges, and are especially effective on hard-base materials which may resist effective blasting by chilled cast iron grit. Crushed Slag - correct answer Relatively cheap abrasives that are formed from metal Detergents - correct answer Cleaners that are composed of buffering salts, dispersants, soaps, and inhibitors. They function by wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, and solubilizing the contaminants, which can be washed away using water (usually hot) or steam Dry Grit Blasting (Air Blasting) - correct answer Blasting that uses a highly concentrated stream of grit projected at a surface to remove rust, mill scale, or other contaminants, creating a rough surface that is good for adhesion. Emulsion Cleaners - correct answer Cleaners that are sprayed onto the surface where they function by wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, and solubilizing the contaminants. Faying Surfaces - correct answer Surfaces joined to create a friction grip Gouges - correct answer Sharp indentations in the coating. Inclusions - correct answer A non-metallic phase, such as an oxide, sulfide, or silicate particle in a metal. Organic Solvents - correct answer Solvents such as kerosene, turpentine, naphtha, mineral spirits, toluol,

xylol, etc., that clean the metal by dissolving and diluting the oil and grease contamination on the surface. Pre-Cleaning - correct answer Check of the surfaces for contamination before surface preparation begins. Pre-cleaning involves removing all visible oil, grease, soil, drawing and cutting compounds, and other soluble contaminants from the surfaces Surface Laminations - correct answer The most common surface defect on steel substrates. It is typically caused by rolling the steel. Surface Profile (Anchor Pattern) - correct answer The irregular peak and valley profile on a bare surface that can result from operations such as abrasive blast cleaning or power tool cleaning. Venturi Nozzle - correct answer This blasting nozzle permits abrasive velocity up to 720 kph (450 mph), or 660 ft/s with an almost equal impact over the entire surface. Venturi nozzles are the most effective shape for tough cleaning jobs. Water Blasting - correct answer Use of pressurized water discharged from a nozzle to remove unwanted matter from a surface. Waterjetting - correct answer Use of standard jetting water discharged from a nozzle at pressures of 70 MPa (10,000 psig) or greater to prepare a surface for coating. Weld Spatter - correct answer Particles of molten metal produced during welding and thrown onto the surface adjacent to the weld. 1 - 10 - During surface preparation, surface cleanliness should be inspected (at a minimum) the following three (3) times: - correct answer • Before any surface preparation activities

• After surface preparation, and before coating begins
• Between each application of coating in a multi-coat system 1 - 10 - Factors during surface preparation that may affect service life include: - correct answer 1 - 10 - Common design defects include: - correct answer • Hard to reach or inaccessible areas
• Rivets, bolts, or other connectors
• Welds
• Gaps (particularly skip welds or surfaces

close together)

• Overlapping surfaces (e.g., roof plates in water tanks)
• Angle iron badly oriented or in complex arrangements
• Threaded areas
• Dissimilar metals
• Sharp edges, particularly on corners or rough cut plate
• Construction aids 1 - 10 - Common fabrication defects include: - correct answer 1 - 10 - Four (4) typical SSPC-SP1 pre-cleaning methods include: - correct answer • Solvent wipe with cloth or rag
• Immersion of the substrate in
• Solvent spray
• Vapor degreasing
• Steam cleaning
• Emulsion cleaning
• Chemical paint stripping
• Alkaline cleaners 1 - 10 - One standard to use with power tool cleaning is: - correct answer • SSPC-SP 1 - 10 - Four (4) examples of tools used for power tool cleaning are: - correct answer Rotary wire brushes Impact Tools Needle Scaler Rotary Scalers Piston Scalers Grinders and Sanders

1 - 10 - Two (2) abrasive blasting methods include: - correct answer • Centrifugal blasting

• Sand-injected water blast
• Slurry blast
• Wet abrasive blast
• Dry grit blast cleaning (air blasting) 1 - 10 - Visual standards for abrasive blasting include: - correct answer SSPC-VIS 1 1 - 10 - SSPC-SP10/NACE 2 limits staining to ____________ per each unit area. - correct answer 5% 1 - 10 - SSPC-SP 5/NACE 1 limits staining to _____________ per each unit area. - correct answer None 1 - 10 - SSPC-SP 6/NACE 3 limits staining to _____________ per each unit area. - correct answer 33% 1 - 10 - The two (2) types of abrasive blasting nozzles include: - correct answer • Straight bore
• Venturi 1 - 10 - The specified level of surface cleanliness must be achieved and maintained: - correct answer 1 - 10 - Advantages of centrifugal blast equipment include: - correct answer • Roller tables
• Dust collectors
• Pre-heating ovens
• Blast cabinet
• Paint booths
• Drying booth
• Handling equipment 1 - 10 - inspector's checklist for surface preparation should include: - correct answer • Ambient conditions
• Conditions of substrate (rate or amount of corrosion)
• Pre-blast surface cleanliness (oil, grease, dirt, etc.)

• Shot/grit size selection (IAW specification)
• Shot/grit cleanliness
• Condition of abrasive blasting equipment
• Surface profile (IAW with specification/ standards)
• Surface cleanliness after abrasive blasting (dirt, airborne contaminants, etc.)
• Operator qualifications (know the operators and their abilities)
• Safety 1 - 10 - Abrasive media types include: - correct answer • Crushed slag
• Naturally occurring mineral grit
• Ceramic grit 1 - 10 - Abrasive media typically used for recycling include: - correct answer 1 - 10 - List the pressure ranges that categorize:
• Low Pressure Water Cleaning: ___________________
• High-Pressure Water Cleaning: ___________________
• High-Pressure Waterjetting: ______________________
• Ultrahigh-Pressure Water Jetting: _________________ - correct answer - pressures below 34 MPa (5,000 psi)
• pressures of 34 to 70 MPa (5,000 to 10,000 psi)
• pressures of 70 to 210 MPa (10,000 to 30,000 psi)
• pressures above 210 MPa (30, psi) 1 - 10 - Three (3) types of water blasting include: - correct answer • Grit blasting with a shroud
• Sand injected water blast

• Slurry blast with grit/water mix 1 - 10 - The visual guide for use with the NACE-SSPC waterjetting standard is: - correct answer SSPC-VIS 4 and NACE-VIS 7 1 - 10 - Three (3) test methods for surface profile include: - correct answer • Comparator and coupons
• Replica tape
• Dial gauge depth micrometer (profilometer) Chlorides: - correct answer Chlorides are the salts of hydrochloric acid HCl. The chloride ion forms when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form the anion Cl− (a negatively- charged ion) Nitrates: - correct answer Nitrates are salts of nitric acid with an ion composed of one nitrogen and three oxygen atoms (NO−3). Soluble Salts: - correct answer These are non-visible and require testing to determine their presence. Although they are termed "soluble" they really are not very soluble at all Sulfates: - correct answer Sulfates are the salts of sulfuric acid; the IUPAC-recommended spelling is sulfate; the British English spelling is sulphate 1 - 11 - Types of soluble salt contamination include: - correct answer 1 - 11 - If inspection is to be effective with regards to soluble salts, the specification should very clearly state: - correct answer 1 - 11 - Tests for soluble salts include: - correct answer 1 - 11 - Depth of surface profile can be evaluated by several methods: - correct answer 1 - 11 - The ISO comparator grades may be recorded: - correct answer 1 - 11 - The two (2) types of replica tape that are commonly used: - correct answer Coarse Extra-Coarse 1 - 11 - List the standards for using the replica tape: - correct answer NACE Standard SP and ASTM D 4417, Method C.

1 - 11 - When using replica tape common errors include: - correct answer 1. Inherent variation in point-to-point profile over the surface being measured. The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC) recommends a minimum of three profile measurements per 10 square meters (100 square feet).

2. Dirt particles on either the replica tape or gauge. Take reasonable care to keep the gauge anvils free of dirt or grit. Double check questionable measurements.
3. Gauge accuracy. Good micrometer snap gauges commonly cite an accuracy of ±0.5 μm (2 mils). In addition to gear errors of this magnitude, observers note that they commonly read approximately 0.1 mil higher at room temperature and 0.1 mil lower at freezing.
4. Rubbing technique. Either excessive or inadequate burnishing force. 1 - 13 - Goals of a pre-job conference include: - correct answer • Discuss health, environment, and safety (HES) requirements, particularly those that are job or site specific

• Address/clarify emergency procedures
• Review and discuss scope of work (SOW)
• Review logistical support
• Discuss line communications between parties

• Review known critical hazards
• Establish list of critical points of contact (POC)
• Discuss and clarify inspector(s) responsibilities and authority
• Clarify the chain of command (reporting system)
• Discuss and clarify areas of concern in the project specification (omissions, clarifications, testing)
• Agree on critical hold points for inspections
• Agree on method of conflict resolution between the inspector and applicator
• Agree on procedures for change orders 1 - 13 - People who may be required to attend a prejob conference include: - correct answer • Owner
• Owner's contract manager
• Engineer
• Specifying engineer
• Operations personnel
• Specifier
• Purchasing agents
• Coating manufacturer (preferably technical service representative)
• Coating inspector(s)
• Project safety personnel
• Coatings applicator (supervisory personnel) 1 - 13 - Before the start of the pre-job conference the inspector should obtain a copy of, read, and understand the: - correct answer • Whenever possible, get a copy of, read, and understand the specification

• Get a copy, read and understand any standard/procedure referenced in the project specification
• Get a copy, read, understand the manufacturers' product data sheets
• Get a copy, read and understand the safety requirements of the MSDS 1 - 14 - Documentation may include: - correct answer • Detailed written daily reports
• Inspection logs
• Routine reports
• Reports for weekly progress meetings
• Daily entries in a project logbook
• A daily inspection report using standardized forms
• A weekly progress meeting report with sign in sheet
• Monthly or quarterly reports 1 - 14 - Inspection records show: - correct answer • Environmental conditions
• Pretreatment details
• Cleaning details
• Materials information
• Coating applications
• Results of work and all tests 1 - 14 - Good records allow management to: - correct answer • Detect and tag design defects for future work
• Evaluate coating performance
• Determine annual cost data on each coating system 1 - 14 - Project inspection documentation provides: - correct answer • Inspection (QC) records
• Management information

• Verification of work performed by the contractor
• Details of non-conforming work 1 - 15 - One guide to enclosures for coatings projects is: - correct answer • SSPC Technology Update No. 6, Guide for Containing Surface Preparation Debris Generated During Paint Removal Operations
• SSPC Technology Update No. 16 1 - 15 - Low temperature concerns during coatings application include: - correct answer Slows curing time, not all coatings can be applied with low temps. 1 - 15 - High temperature concerns during coatings application include: - correct answer solvents evaporate too quickly, pot life decreases, viscosity decreases in two-part materials, workers get to hot, low production. 1 - 15 - High humidity during coating application may: - correct answer Slows solvent evaporation, may leave moisture on the coating surface. 1 - 15 - Coatings may be applied by the following methods: - correct answer Liquid coatings are commonly applied using brush, roller, spray, flow, and dip methods. How many foot candles are required, at minimum, for surface prep and application? - correct answer SSPC Technology Guide No. 12 states surface preparation and coating application require a minimum of 20-foot candles, and recommends 50-foot candles. BMR (Base Metal Readings): - correct answer To adjust for surface roughness, measure the blast profile of the steel to be painted at a number of spots to obtain a representative average value. This average value is the base metal reading (BMR) DFT Gauge (Type 1): - correct answer Instruments are described as magnetic pull-off gauges. The force required to pull a magnet from a ferrous surface is used to determine the film thickness. DFT Gauge (Type 2): - correct answer Instruments are electronic gauges. They use electronic circuitry to convert a reference signal into coating thickness. Wet Film Comb: - correct answer Instrument used to measure film thickness. The comb is pushed into the film. Upon removal, the thickness measure is shown on the gauge.

1 - 18 - Coatings Product Data Sheets (a coating's spec) provide users with the following: - correct answer • Generic type

• Description
• Features
• Color
• Finish
• Dry film thickness
• Solids contents
• Theoretical coverage rate
• VOC values
• Curing schedules
• Performance data
• Approvals and certificates
• Description on how to use the coating, including recommended primers and/or topcoats
• Recommendations for application method and equipment, including brush, roller, conventional spray, and airless spray, as appropriate
• Mixing and thinning
• Cleanup and safety
• Packaging
• Handling and storage
• VOC
• Recommended DFT and WFT
• Theoretical and practical coverage
• Shelf life, pot life and induction time (as

the time/temperature are related) 1 - 18 - MSDS contains the following: - correct answer • Identification of the chemical product and company

• Composition (information on ingredients)
• Hazard identification
• First aid measures
• Firefighting measures
• Accidental release measures
• Handling and storage
• Exposure controls and personal protection
• Physical and chemical properties
• Stability and reactivity
• Toxicological information
• Ecological information
• Disposal considerations
• Transport information
• Regulatory information
• Other information 1 - 20 - Non-drying films (failure to cure) may be caused by: - correct answer Frequently caused simply by not adding the cure to the base, adding the wrong cure, or not adding the correct amount of cure during mixing. 1 - 20 - Some of the problems that can be caused by amine blush are: - correct answer • Surface tackiness or greasiness
• Incomplete cure
• Poor adhesion
• Poor adhesion on over-coating
• Coating discoloration over time

• Poor gloss retention 1 - 20 - Runs, sags, and wrinkles may be caused by: - correct answer • Applying the coating too thickly
• Using too much thinner or using the wrong thinner
• Surface too hot to apply the coating
• Applying a coating at the end of its pot life
• Wrong thixotrope used in manufacturing
• Improper spray technique 1 - 20 - _______________________ is a powdery, friable layer on the surface of a coating that is most common with epoxy coatings. - correct answer Chalking 1 - 20 - Cratering may be caused by: - correct answer Air trapped in the coating 1 - 20 - Voids are typically caused by: - correct answer Air trapped in the coating during mixing 1 - 20 - Pinholes are: - correct answer very small holes in a coating, typically caused by painting over an inorganic zinc coating (IOZ) or sprayed metal coatings 1 - 20 - A common cause of blistering is: - correct answer • Oil
• Moisture
• Grease
• Dirt
• Dust
• Soluble pigments
• Retained solvents 1 - 20 - Cracking of a coating is noted: - correct answer 1 - 20 - Checking can be described as: - correct answer A line crack in the coating surface 1 - 20 - Adhesion failures may be caused by: - correct answer • Coating applied to a contaminated surface
• Wrong surface preparation specified

• Failure to inspect surface preparation
• Insufficient surface profile
• Exceeding the topcoat window
• Application of incompatible coatings (e.g., alkyd over IOZ)
• Applying a coating to a glossy surface Cissing - correct answer (also known as 'fisheyes' or 'crawling') is the term for surface breaks in the film that reveal the substrate. It is often result of grease or oil contamination on the substrate. High-Voltage AC Holiday Detector - correct answer This uses a 110 V or 220 V power supply. The AC detector is based on the principle of the Tesla coil and does not use a ground wire. The probe emits a blue corona, which is attracted to any ground. High-Voltage Constant Current DC Holiday Detector - correct answer This instrument is used to detect coating holidays in dielectric coatings. Once the voltage is set, pass the electrode over the surface. A spark will arc through the air gap, causing the detector to emit an audible sound. High-Voltage Pulse-Type DC Holiday Detector - correct answer This instrument is ideal for use in moist conditions. Pass the electrode over the surface. A spark will arc through the air gap at any holidays, voids, or discontinuities, causing the detector to emit an audible sound. Low-Voltage Holiday Detector - correct answer This instrument is a sensitive, low-voltage (wet- sponge) electronic device powered by a battery with output voltages ranging from 5-120 V DC. 1 - 21 - General types of holiday detectors include: - correct answer • Low-voltage DC
• High-voltage DC
• High-voltage pulsed DC
• High-voltage AC 1 - 21 - Low-voltage (wet sponge) holiday detectors are powered by a battery with output voltages ranging: - correct answer 5 - 120 V DC

1 - 21 - Describe low-voltage (wet sponge) holiday detectors: - correct answer Connect the ground directly to the conductive substrate, saturate the sponge with tap water (1 part wetting to 128 parts water), contact sponge to bare substrate for grounding verification, wipe sponge over substrate (no more than 1 linear foot per second), mark all holidays, double stroke to be sure. 1 - 21 - High-voltage DC holiday detector types include: - correct answer • High-Voltage DC Unit

• Various probes for different substrates and configurations
• Calibration accessories
• Charging unit
• Ground wires
• General accessories 1 - 21 - Describe high-voltage DC holiday detectors: - correct answer Generally the same as low-voltage, but high-voltage will spark and leave a strike mark on the substrate. 1 - 21 - The type of high-voltage holiday detector used for concrete is a: - correct answer high- voltage pulse-type DC holiday detectors 1 - 21 - Low-voltage holiday detectors are reliable up to _________ mils thick. Can detect with thicker mils but need to slow down swiping technique. - correct answer 20 mils 1 - 21 - Accuracy of low-voltage detectors are +-_____ and common voltages used are ____, ____, ____, ____ - correct answer 5 - 10% 9, 67.5, 90, 120 V 1 - 21 - High-voltage pulse-type DC holiday detectors are reliable with coatings at ________ - correct answer 6 - 240 mils 1 - 21 - The high-voltage pulse-type holiday DC detectors generally have a voltage output range from ________________ - correct answer 800 - 60,000 V 1 - 21 - High-voltage constant current DC holiday detectors should be used on coating substrates over ______ mils, accuracy is generally *- _____% - correct answer 6 5%