NAPRx's CNPR Exam 2022, Exams of Nursing

Download NAPRx's CNPR Exam 2022 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NAPSRx/CNPR Exam The FDA regulates the introduction of new drugs and enforces U.S. drug laws. True Pharma companies must submit extensive data to the FDA demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of new drugs before receiving approval for sale. True Average review time for a new drug 18 months Define Off-label Usage of a medication for purposes other than the specific ones appearing on the label Toxicity The extent, quality, or degree to which a substance is poisonous or harmful to the body Institutional review Board (IRB) A committee of physicians, staticians, community advocated, and others which ensure that a clinical trial is ethical and that the rights of the study participants are protected. All clinical trials must be approved by an IRB before they begin. Placebo Inactive pill, liquid, or powder that has no treatment value aka sugar pill Edema Swelling Asymptomatic Without signs or symptoms Clinical Pharmacology The study of the effects and movement of drugs in the human body Basic clinical pharmacology involves 3 main concepts Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, drug distribution and elimination. Pharmacodynamics Study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action i.e. the study of what a drug does to the body. It describes the therapeutic effects of drugs (pain relief, blood pressure reduction, their side effects and their sites of action. Upgrade to remove ads Only $2.99/month Pharmacokinetics Study of how a drug is processed by the body, with emphasis on the time required for absorption, duration of action, distribution, and method of excretion. The study of how the body affects drugs. Drug distribution & elimination Drug delivery systems, route of administration , modes of excretion. Plasma The liquid portion of the blood that carries proteins and other substances Nucleus Brain of the cell that regulates all activities. Vitamins A nutrient substance necessary for growth, development, and normal regulation of metabolic processes. Must be taken from outside the body. Minerals A nutrient necessary for bodily purposes such as the balance of body fluid Water is NOT a nutrient True Absorption How the drug passes from its side of administration into the bloodstream Distribution How the drug is dispersed among the organs after absorption into the blood Metabolism How the active part of a drug is metabolized into a more water-soluble compound that can be readily excreted by the kidneys Upgrade to remove ads Only $2.99/month Manufacturers and distributors are required to have systems to monitor and audit the distribution of their drug samples True Section 503 Prohibits sale, purchase, or trade of drug samples Many pharmaceutical manufacturers set expiration dates every six months (June, December) True FTC Regulates general business practices to protect consumers against misleading claims and anticompetitive behavior AMA provides ethical guidelines to physicians about appropriate interactions with pharmaceutical companies Pinocytosis Involves the engulfing of fluids by a cell. Transport Mechanisms Passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis Absorption methods Oral, Buccal, sublingual, rectal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, transdermal, topical, inhalation, intravenous The liver is the major organ for metabolizing drugs. Secondary is kidney True CL= rate of drug elimination/drug concentration in blood True In vitro assays are increasingly being used because they are usually less expensive, offer more rapid results, and are not as prone to negative publicity. True Investigator The person who conducts the trial. This person is normally an expert in the field. They should not be employed by the sponsor Sponsor The organization or individual that initiates the trial and finances the study, Protocol This document sets out how a trial is to be conducted Epidemiology The study of how factors influence disease and health in human populations. Toxoids Derived from toxins secreted by a pathogen.Examples are diphtheria and tetnus vaccines. Vector-based vaccines Viruses and bacteria are detoxified and used as vehicles to carry vaccines. Example is the use of canary pox (a virus that infects birds but not humans) to carry envelope proteins for HIV treatment. Peptide Vaccines Chemically synthesized and normally consist of 8-24 amino acids Cytokines are produced mainly by the leukocytes (white blood cells) True Hormones are intercellular messengers. True Retrovirus Integrates genes to hose chromosomes, change of long term stability. Adendovirus This vector has a large capacity for foreign genes. Gene Therapy types Retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, liposomes, naked DNA Formulary List of prescription drugs approved by insurance coverage pg 118 Functional Values Efficacy, safety, convenience, cost-effectiveness 6 stages of brand strategy Brand positioning, brand personality, brand values, unique values of the brand that support the values, how the brand appears to its audience, internal commitment Pharmetrics impact, pronunciation, scriptability, confusion, symbolism and communication, fit, appeal pg 144 Brands should be: Easy to pronounce, easy to write and read, memorable, distinctive and different from competition Any gifts accepted by physicians individually should entail a benefit to the patient and not be of substantial value True Individual gifts of minimal value (Under $100) are permissible as long as the gifts are related to the work True Subsidies should not be accepted to pay for the costs of travel, lodging, or other personal expenses. Paying for a modest meal is OK True Traits of Pharma sales Rep Passion, Go the extra mile, be a resource, be creative, invest in yourself, authentic and real, love what they do, focus on service, cultivate support, believe, focus, macro-thinking, KIT, ask, keep accurate records Exclusivity is granted for an orphan drug for ____ 7 years Patents are applied for with, and granted by the FDA. False Patents expire after how many years from the date of filing? 20 years The most reliable source of information for determining therapeutically equivalent drug products are Orange Book Pharmaceutical representatives will typically store and secure their own drug samples True The federal government does not regulate the drug sampling for a pharmaceutical representative False The PDMA is the Prescription Drug Manufacturers Association. False It is rare for pharmaceutical companies to explore, develop and promote expressive values with which patients might identify true With the global need for new drugs, pharmaceutical brand names are not subject to regulatory approval. false "Pull through" refers to: generating demand for your company's product Which of the following is not a part of the Seven Step Cascade of Emotion? be a consultant, not a rep Which is a step to becoming an indispensable pharmaceutical sales rep? asking feedback Which is not a step to plan for rumors? counter attack According to the text, which of the following is considered "going to the next level?" staying focused New prescription drug benefits covered under the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement & Modernization Act: medicare part d tertiary care Highly specialized medical and surgical care for unusual or complex medical problems provided by a large medical center SS Used when referring to medication dosage, means "one-half": Dividing a group of physicians and other potential prescribers for a certain category of drugs based on anticipated prescription volume: declining The substances comprising all active and inert pharmaceutical ingredients, including fillers, colors, and other excipients used to prepare dosage forms: formulation A low supply of oxygen due to low blood flow is: ischemia The acronym for pharmacokinetics is: PK According to the text, there are ___ classes of therapeutic drugs. US federal govt IDN integrated delivery network SS is an abbreviation for: semis The ___________ is used to determine appropriate medical reimbursement. coding system A term used to refer to drugs that are non-biological (that is, chemical) in nature: small molecule The origin, or cause, of a disease or a patient's symptoms: Etiology Used when referring to medication dosage, means "as needed": PRN Where the tolerance of one medication may result in increased tolerance of another medication? cross tolerance The study of the effects, both beneficial and toxic, of drugs and chemicals on living cells, tissues, organisms: pharmacology A substance that enhances the action of a drug or antigen: adjuvant A site in the body which generally resides on a cell surface or within the cytoplasm. When stimulated or occupied, a biological change/activity takes place: receptor Refers to medication dosage, means "hour": h Outside a living body: ex vivo The meaning of subcutaneous is: beneath outer skin The acronym for effective dose is: ed ML stands for: milliliter