Pharmaceutical Industry: Roles, Processes, and Drug Development, Exams of Nursing

Download Pharmaceutical Industry: Roles, Processes, and Drug Development and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NAPSR- PHARMACEUTICAL SALES

TRAINING Spring Revised, Attempt

score 472 Out of 472 points.

1. ______ are arguably the most socially important healthcare products - answers pharmaceuticals
2. pharmaceutical development - answers is a high risk undertaking, many promising leads prove disappointing
3. pharmaceuticals - answers medicines and vaccines for human and animal use (brand name or generic, prescription or OTC)
4. Diagnostic - answers equipment and supplies used in screening, detecting, and monitoring disease. (ranges from home testing kits to sophisticated diagnostic imaging technologies)
5. medical devices - answers -advanced instrumentation and appliances used for medical therapy (joint replacements, pacemakers, implantable defibrillators)

6. -include drug delivery devices (syringes, infusion pumps, metered-dose inhalers, transdermal patches)
7. medical supplies - answers commodity, high volume supplies such as surgical gowns and gloves
8. durable medical equipment - answers reusable products for health related use in the home
9. (walkers, wheelchairs, oxygen equipment, prosthetics, hospital beds)
10. home-based care - answers -patients/consumers and their friends/family
11. -home health nurses and aides
12. primary care (checkups and general health issues) - answers -OBGYN
13. -family/general practitioners
14. -internists

15. secondary care (specialized outpatient consults) - answers specialists
16. tertiary care (inpatient) - answers -community hospitals
17. -academic medical centers
18. -skilled nursing facilities
19. end-stage care - answers -skilled nursing facilities
20. -hospitals
21. -hospices
22. Pharmaceutical sales are highest in which geographical regions? - answers US
23. Western Europe
24. Japan
25. The U.S. accounts for about _____ of the world’s pharmaceutical revenues? - answers 50%
26. What has fueled recent growth in the pharmaceutical industry? - answers population growth and increased life expectancies

27. According to your manual, what accurately described the predicted relationship between pharmaceutical companies and genomic research facilities? - answers partnerships between pharmaceutical companies and genomic companies will not prove immediately profitable
28. _________ is cost effective for insurance companies and healthcare providers - answers prescription drug therapy
29. the high price of healthcare is explained by the high price of medicines (T/F) - answers FALSE
30. prescription drug spending is a smaller fraction of the total healthcare costs than ever before
31. Two main advertising categories of prescription drugs:
    • answers 1. professional physician promotions
32. 2. direct-to-consumer advertising

33. Professional physician promotions - answers sales reps in physicians’ offices, etc.
34. Advertising in medical journals, conferences email, etc.
35. Direct-to-consumer advertising - answers patient directed messages in TV, radio, magazines, etc.
36. newest effective marketing technique
37. Reasons for growth in direct-to-consumer advertising
    • answers 1. FDA eased regulations
38. 2. patients wanting to be more involved in their decisions thus being more receptive
39. 3. publics increasing health/medical literacy
40. 4. physicians ink in willingness to prescribe patients requests for specific drugs
41. headquarters - answers executive level sales managers & support staff

42. House product managers who are part of companies marketing dept.
43. regions - answers divide country into 4-10 geographic regions
44. Northwest, Midwest, etc.
45. districts - answers each region has several districts that are supervised by district manager
46. territories - answers each district includes 8- territories
47. staffed by territory reps
48. What influences the number of districts in a region? - answers regions population
49. What is an example of the regionalization of healthcare delivery systems? - answers California and Florida have different prescription reimbursement policies

50. territory representative (professional sales rep) - answers the heart of pharmaceutical sales team
51. group of reps who interact with customers on a daily basis
52. specialty, hospital, and niche representatives - answers sells exclusively to niche markets
53. district manager - answers territory reps report to them and ensure they are making their sales goals
54. sales reps primary form of contact
55. most DMs start off as reps
56. Regional manager - answers district managers report to them.
57. sets strategy for a region and monitors sales activity in each district

58. national account manager - answers negotiate product purchasing contracts with major MCOs and giant pharmacy benefit managers
59. What is the most effective method for grabbing market share? - answers comparative selling
60. Where do pharmaceutical reps visit? - answers physicians
61. clinics
62. hospitals
63. pharmacists
64. It usually only takes 1-2 calls to a physician before he or she commits to prescribing your product. (T/F) - answers FALSE
65. it takes many calls
66. Can a pharmacist dispense a product other than what the physician prescribed? - answers YES

67. they can substitute a generic
68. or the pharmacist can call the physician and request permission to dispense a different medication
69. according to chapter 12 (2?) of your manual , which would be classify as "payers" - answers employers
70. According to your manual what defines "ethical pharmaceutical companies"? - answers researching and developing novel drugs
71. medical library - answers One of the oldest methods of acquiring medical information, most hospitals or clinics will have a library where current information will be available
72. medical journal - answers provide current perspectives from leading experts on various disease and treatment options
73. ads for soon to be released products

74. specialists - answers researchers are usually found at university and med schools and private practices
75. perform the testing/do research to find new products
76. research & development - answers the "engine of innovation"
77. focused on discovering new chemicals and transforming them into safe/effective pharmaceutical products
78. manufacturing & operations - answers supply, chain, manufacturing trade, distribution
79. produce and package drug and make it available all over the world
80. marketing & sales - answers communicate the benefits of products and create demand

81. responsible for outreach to large corporate accounts and managed care organizations
82. One of the most significant results of the industry’s continued invest in R&D is the - answers large number of new drugs approved and in development
83. new drugs in development - answers - 1 to treat hypospjtasisa
84. -several to treat Lou Gehrig's disease
85. -125 for Alzheimer’s
86. -3070 for cancer
87. -281 for diabetes
88. -185 for HIV/AIDS
89. Thanks to modern medicine, how long are people newly diagnosed with HIV expected to live? - answers another 50 years
90. How much has the average American lifespan increased since 1890? - answers almost 30 years

91. approvable letter - answers letters sent by the FDA to the applicant indicating whether the new drug application for a product meets requirements
92. asymptomatic - answers without signs or symptoms
93. blinded or masked study - answers participants don't know if they are in experimental or control group
94. those in experimental group get medications/treatments being tested
95. control group gets standard or no treatment
96. control group - answers experimental observations are evaluated
97. control group gets standard or no treatment
98. double-blind or double-masked study - answers neither the participants or staff know who is receiving experimental treatment

99. can't influence outcome
100. edema - answers swelling
101. fast track drugs - answers patients with serious or life threatening conditions
102. indication - answers the exact cause or purpose for which the FDA has approved that a drug can be prescribed
103. institutional review board (IRB) - answers committee of physicians, statisticians, community advocates, etc. which ensures that a clinical trial is ethical and that the rights of participation are protected
104. off label - answers usage of medication for purposes other than the specific ones appearing in the labeling
105. placebo - answers inactive pill that has no treatment value

106. in experiments, treatments are compared with placebos to assess treatments effect
107. Placebo effect - answers effect produced by the placebo due to the expectations of the patient.
108. measured by comparing effects of patient receiving placebo and that receiving treatment
109. Study protocol - answers general design and operating features of a trial.
110. distinguished from the study manual of operations by its generality and absence of specific details needed for day to day execution of the trial
111. toxicity - answers the extent, quality, or degree to which a substance is poisonous or harmful to the body
112. treatment group - answers a group of patients assigned to receive a specified treatment

113. What is the main difference between a blinded and double-blinded study? - answers in a double blinded study neither the staff nor participants know which subjects are in the experimental group and which are in the control
114. anatomy - answers the study of the basic structures of the body
115. physiology - answers the study of how body structures function
116. Clinical Pharmacology - answers the study of the effects and movement of drugs in the human body
117. Pharmacodynamics - answers study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action
118. what the drug does to the body
119. Pharmacokinetics - answers study of how a drug is processed by the body with emphasis on the time required

for absorptions, duration of action, distribution, and method of excretion

120. how the body affects drugs
121. drug distribution and elimination - answers drug delivery systems, route of administration, modes of excretion
122. chemical name - answers describes the atomic or molecular structure of the drug
123. generic name - answers since chemical name is too complex and official assigns a generic name
124. trade name - answers chosen by pharmaceutical company that manufactures/distributes the drug
125. drug - answers any substance that proceeds a physical or psychological change in the body

126. cell membrane - answers all cells are wrapped in a semi-permeable membrane that protects them from outside elements and distinguishes them from their surround
127. cell membrane receptors - answers specific molecules on the cell membrane surface that produce/block biological activity in the presence3 of specific substances to which they bind
128. the nucleus - answers brain of the cell that regulates all activities
129. some cells don't have one
130. cytoplasm/protoplasm - answers substance inside the outer membrane and outside of the nucleus
131. contains most of the intracellular fluid
132. Extracellular fluid - answers body fluid located between or outside cells. consists of interstitial fluid or

fluid between cells and intravascular fluid or fluid within the blood such as plasma

133. tissues - answers a group of similarly specialized cells that perform the same function
134. epithelial tissues - answers cover the surface of the body and form the lining of body cavities, organs, and blood vessels
135. connective tissues - answers tendons/ligaments
136. connect and support other tissues, organs, and body parts
137. muscle tissues - answers allow for contraction as needed by the body for movement
138. 3 types: skeletal, smooth, cardiac

139. nerve tissues - answers generate, carry, conduct electrical impulses in and out of the brain, nerves, and spinal cord
140. organs - answers specialized cells are tissues grouped together to perform a specific body function for a common purpose
141. plasma - answers liquid portion of the blood
142. proteins - answers made up of chains of amino acids
143. fats - answers stored in special body tissues as a great source of reserve energy
144. necessary for growth and other body functions like absorption of some vitamins
145. carbohydrates - answers the body immediate source of energy

146. broken down into glucose and used for immediate metabolic reactions
147. vitamins - answers substances necessary for growth, development, and normal regulation of metabolic processes
148. taken in from outside body
149. minerals - answers substances necessary for bodily processes such as the balance of body fluids, formation/maintence of bones and teeth, proper functioning of muscles
150. main ones are calcium, potassium, iron, sodium, phosphorus, iodine
151. How does the federal food, drug and cosmetics act (FFDCA) define a drug? - answers any substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease, or a substance other tan food intended to affect the structure or function of the body

152. ADME testing - answers measures the rate at which the body absorbs the drug, distributes it to the organs necessary to produce the desired effect, metabolizes it into date material and then exerts it from the body
153. ADME testing is primarily used in what field? - answers pharmacokinetics
154. What statement about placebos is correct? - answers placebo effects can lead to withdrawal symptoms
155. on average, only about ____ of 4,000 drugs studied in the lab are studied in people - answers 5
156. Which statement us true about drugs taken sublingually? - answers sublingual drugs are absurd directly and almost immediately into the bloodstream
157. the rights of drug administration - answers the right patient, the right drug, and the right dose, right route, right time

158. pro-drugs - answers admixture in an inactive form, which is metabolized into an active form
159. the resulting metabolites produce the desired therapeutic effects
160. The kidney of an 85-year-old person excretes drugs only _____ as efficiently as that of a 35-year-old person. - answers around 50%
161. the normal age-related decrease in kidney function can help doctors determine an appropriate dosage based solely on a person’s age (T/F) - answers TRUE
162. What differentiates a caplet from a tablet? - Answers Caplets are shaped like capsules and have film coatings to aid in swallowing.
163. Where will you find the legend "caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription"? - answers on the label of all prescription drugs

164. What happens in slow acetylates? - answers drugs that are metabolized by N-acetyl transferees tend to reach higher blood levels and remain in the body longer
165. about ____ of the people in the US are "slow acetylates" - answers 50%
166. drug-drug interactions - answers duplication can involve 2 drugs with the same effect causing toxicity when taken together
167. duplication can involve 2 drugs with the same effect intensifying each other’s therapeutic effects without any serious side effects
168. opposition can involve 2 drugs with opposing actions interacting to reduce ones effectiveness but not the others
169. smoking decreases the effectiveness of some drugs (T/F) - answers TRUE
170. dietary supplements - answers dietary supplements are regulated as foods

171. dietary supplements contains vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and or herbs
172. ideal drug of "magic bullet" as Erich phrases it - answers it does not exist
173. it would be aimed precisely at a disease site
174. it would not harm any healthy tissues
175. Which statement accurately differentiates resistance from tolerance? - answers tolerance refers to a persons diminished response to a drug after repeated use
176. resistance applies to microorganisms or "cancel" cells abilities to withstand drug effects
177. between _____ and ____ of hospital admissions in the US are estimated to be for treatment of adverse drug reactions - answers 3% and 7%

178. Which statement is true about the universal scale for quantifying the severity of an adverse drug reaction? - answers none are true because there is no such scale
179. Why is noncompliance a serious public health concern? - answers it increases the cost of medical care
180. Which of the following are eligible for patent protection under US regulations? - answers the drug itself
181. the method of delivering and releasing the drug into the bloodstream
182. the way the drug is made
183. drugs' trade names are often unrelated to their intended use (T/F) - answers TRUE
184. Like foods and household products, generic drugs are usually lower quality than the brand name drugs for which they are marketed as equivalents (T/F) - answers FALSE