NAPSRx Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Pharmacology

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NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers Pharmaceuticals are arguably the most socially important healthcare product - correct answer true Pharmaceutical deveoplment is a big-risk undertaking, in which many promising leads prove disappointing - correct answer true Pharmaceutical sales are highest in which geographical regions - correct answer The U.S., Western Europe, and Japan The U.S. accounts for about ____ of the world's pharmaceutical revenues - correct answer 50% Which off the following has fueled recent growth in the pharmaceutical industry - correct answer population growth and increased life expectancies According to your manual, which statement accurately describes the predicted relationship between pharmaceutical companies and genomic research facilities - correct answer partnerships between pharmaceuitcal companies and genomic companies will not prove immediately profitable prescription drug therapy is not cost-effective for insurance companies and healthcare providers - correct answer false NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers the high price of healthcare is explained by the high price of medicines - correct answer false one of the oldest and least efffective pharmaceutical marjeting techniques is DTC (direct-to-consumer) advertising - correct answer false what influences the number of districts in a region - correct answer the region's population what is an example of the regionalization off healthcare delivery systems - correct answer California and Florida have difffernet perscription reimbursment policies the heart of pharmaceutical sales is the regional manager - correct answer false most DMs did not start as representatives - correct answer false how many territories are in a typical district - correct answer 8 to 12 what is the most effective method for grabbing market share - correct answer comparative selling NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers ADME testing measures the rate at which the body absorbs the drug, distributes it to the organs necessary to produce the desired effect, metabolizes it into waste material and then excretes it from the body. - correct answer true ADME testing is primarily used in what field - correct answer Pharmacokinetics which statement about placebos is correct - correct answer Placebo effects can lead to withdrawal symptoms. on average, only about 5 off 4,000 drugs studied in the labratory are eventually studied in people - correct answer true which statement is true about drugs taken sublingually - correct answer sublingual drugs are absorbed directly and almost immediately into the bloodstream what are 3 off the 7 rights of drug administration - correct answer the right patient, rigt drug, and right dose pro-drugs are administered in an active form, which is metabolized into an inactive form - correct answer false NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers the kidney of an 85-year-old persion excretes drugs only ____ as efficiently as that of a 35-year-old person - correct answer around 50% the normal age-related decrease in kidney function cem help doctors determine an appropiate dosage based soley on a person's age - correct answer true what differentiates a caplet from a tablet - correct answer caplets are shaped like capsules and have film coatings to aid in scallowing what will you find the legend "Caution: federal law prohibits dispensing wihtout a prescription - correct answer on the label of all prescription drugs what happens to slow acetylators - correct answer Drugs that are metabolized by N-acetyl transferase tend to reach higher blood levels and remain in the body longer. About ___ of the people in the U.S. are "slow acetylators" - correct answer 50% which of the following statements about drug-drug interactions is incorrect - correct answer drug-drug interactions are always harmful NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers Smoking decreases the effectiveness of some drugs - correct answer true which of the following statements about dietary supplements is incorrect - correct answer because dietary supplements are not drugs, interactions with drugs are not a concern which statement/s is/are incorrect about an ideal drug, or "magic bullet" as Ehrlich phrased it - correct answer it does not exist, it would be aimed percisely at a disease site, it would not harm healthy tissues which statement accurately differentiates resistance from tolerance - correct answer tolerance refers to a person's diminished response to a drug after repeated use, while resistance applies to microorganisms' or "cancel" cells' abilities to withstand drug effects between 3% and 7% of hospital admissions in the United States are estimated to be for treatment of adverse drug reactoins - correct answer true which statement is true about the universal scale for quantiffying the severity of an adverse drug reaction - correct answer there is no scale why is noncomplience a serios public healthy concern - correct answer it increases the cost of medical care NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers what is the typical relationship between a drug's site of administration and site of action - correct answer they are usually somewhat removed from each other what is CMAX - correct answer Peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve which of the following is not a main concept in clinical pharmacology - correct answer pharmacoprocesses which of the following is not a route of drug administration - correct answer transfugal How are intradermal drugs delivered? - correct answer by injection under the skin what is an example of intravenous drug delivery - correct answer an injection of anesthetic directly into the bloodstream what are the major organs of the gastrointestinal system - correct answer the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers who is normally responsible for selling to distributors - correct answer NAMs How often do secondary drug wholesale distributors buy their drugs directly from manufactures? - correct answer sometimes By FDA law, large chain pharmacies are not allowed to buy directly from drug manufactures. - correct answer false Only 3 companies account for nearly 90% of all drug wholesale sales. - correct answer true what type of sale bypasses the need for intermediary distributors - correct answer manufacturer- direct sales what is a group purchasing organization (GPO) - correct answer an entity consisting of two or more hospitals or other health care entities that negotiates contracts on behalf of its members Prescriptions dispensed by mail-order pharmacies are, on average, around ____________ than those dispensed by retail pharmacies. - correct answer 3 times larger which of the following is not a type of non-stock sale - correct answer brokerage sales, dock-to-dock sales, drop shipments NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers what is another term for rebates - correct answer after-market arrangements the PDMA is the presciption drug manufacturers association - correct answer false a company that owns and operates three or fewer pharmacies is an - correct answer independent drug store which section of a drug's package insert infformation covers the usual dosage range - correct answer indications and usage Drug labels must include indications and usage information, as well as contraindications. - correct answer true what should be included in the "description" section off a drug's package insert information - correct answer the drug's proprietary name and the established name Exclusivity gives exclusive _____, is granted by the FDA, and can run concurrently with a patent or not. - correct answer marketing rights NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers pharmaceutical representatives must alwasy record the amount of drug samples left and obtain a signature for that amount - correct answer true what is prohibited by Section 503 of the federal food, drug, and cosmetic act, as amended by the prescription drug marketing act - correct answer the sale, purchase, or trade or offer to sell, purchase, or trade prescription drug samples the federal government does not regulate the drug sampling for a pharmaceutical representative - correct answer false which of the following is permitted by Section 503 of the federal food, drug and cosmetic act - correct answer cannot donate or sell prescribtion drug samples which entity issues monographs that define how drugs should be stored, and what variance is allowed in their stated contents - correct answer United States Pharmacopoeial Convention Storage conditions for drug products are based on information supplied by the manufacturer - correct answer true NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers medications are usually unaffected by changes in temperature, light, humidity, and other environmental factors - correct answer false In which cases can degraded drugs SOMETIMES still be used? - correct answer when the amount off remaining drug has not fallen lower than 85-90% of that stated on the label Drug recalls are almost always negotiated with the FDA beforehand. - correct answer true Which problem would NOT be improved by electronic prescribing systems? - correct answer none: patients "doctor-shopping" for controlled substances, pharmacists misreading prescriptions, physicians wasting time calling pharmacies what should you do if you recieve a shipment from your employer and you notice that there are twice as many samples as what is posted on the packing slip - correct answer call your sales manager to inform him/ her of the mistake and ask for instructions posted on the packing slip which area of drugs R&D has seen the largest cost increases - correct answer clinical trials NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers on average, how long does it take for a new drug to be developed (I.e., from the discovery of the initial compound to FDA approval) - correct answer 10-15 years which of the following regulatory agencies is industry- based (I.c., run mainly by the companies themselves) - correct answer Pharmaceutical research and manufactures of america (PhRMA) which of the following factors has simplified the pharmaceutical R&D process - correct answer none: an intensive regulatory process, growing demand in the medical community for more complex data about pharmaceuticals, and the increasing number of precedures in Phase III trials the landmark FDA Modernization Act of 1997 was a major step forward in enabling safe and effective new drugs and biologics to be made available sooner to patients - correct answer true according to your manual, which type of system is the best wat to deliever healthcare - correct answer a market-based system how would increased pharmaceutical price controls affect the U.S. healthcare system - correct answer increased price controls would stifle innovation NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers Carcinogenicity studies are carried out to identify the tumor-causing potential of a drug. - correct answer true According to NIH ethical guidelines, which of the following is the most important criteria in selecting subjects for clinical studies? - correct answer scientific objectives which statement about the IRB in incorrect - correct answer the members of the IRB/IEC must be experts in the topic of study Which phases of clinical studies are open label and which are blinded? - correct answer phase I and IV trials are often open label, but phase II and III are double blinded or at least blinded If it is not possible to measure the direct effects of a drug, what is used instead? - correct answer surrogate markers such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels which of the following is an observational study that first identifies a group of subject with a certain disease and a control group without the disease, and then looks to back in time (e.g. via chart reviews) to find exposure to risk factors - correct answer case-control study which measure of central tendency is the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations - correct answer mean NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers which measurement describes the number of new events that occur during a specified period of time in a population at risk for the event (e.g. lung infections per year) - correct answer incidence which of the following measures is used to describe the variability of the populaton mean - correct answer standard error of the mean which of the following terms denotes the extent to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to be measuring, or what we think it is measuring - correct answer validity What are the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis? - correct answer methods of survival analysis what section of a clincal paper describes subjects' entry and exclusion criteria - correct answer methods which document sets out how a trial is to be conducted (I.e. the study's general design and operating features) - correct answer inclusion criteria when designing and performing clincal trials, several ethical constraintes must be considered. which of the following is NOT one of these ethical constraints - correct answer geographic variations NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers what is one way in which "large molecule" drugs DIFFER from "small molecule" drugs - correct answer large molecule drugs are mainly protein-based drugs that develop in biological systems such as living cells which of the following statements about vaccines is incorrect - correct answer vaccines are types of "small molecule drugs" what is an advantage of attenuated vaccines over inactivated vaccines - correct answer attenuated vaccines are less expensive to prepare how are toxoids derived - correct answer from the toxins secreted by a pathogen what is the estimated annual death toll for malaria - correct answer 1.5 to 3.5 million people there are more white blood cells than red blood cells for the same volume in the human body - correct answer fasle how was insulin primarily obtaines from the 1930's to the 1980's - correct answer porcine and bovine extracts NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers B. a five-tier formulary that is supplemented by a step therapy program C. an open formulary that places few restrictions on coverage or access which of the following is not a recent formulary trend - correct answer the repeal of hatch-waxman What did the Hatch-Waxman Act do? - correct answer make it easier for generic manufacturers to compete with R&D companies What is opportunity cost? - correct answer the valuse of a sacrificed alternative according to your manual, the three primary entities that fund pharmaceuticals are employers, the government (medicare and medicaid) and - correct answer individuals which of these individuals would not be a member of a P&T committee - correct answer a company's medical liason Almost 98% of employed Americans are now covered by a HMO, a preferred provider organization, or a point-of-service plan. - correct answer false NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers pharmaceutical companies are more interested in acquiring and exploiting another's brand than in acquiring another's R&D and sales and marketing assets - correct answer false ideally, when should brand strategy development for a new drug begin - correct answer during phase II clincal trials which of the following is an example of a "expressive" value - correct answer "I own a BMW becuase I want people to know that I'm a serious driving enthusiast according to you rmanual, which of the following is not an example of a "functional" value - correct answer uniqueness It is rare for pharmaceutical companies to explore, develop and promote expressive values with which patients might identify - correct answer true To be competitive, pharmaceutical brands must be distinctive. They must possess defining characteristics that are perceived by customers to be unique, attractive and relevant to their needs. - correct answer true With the global need for new drugs, pharmaceutical brand names are not subject to regulatory approval. - correct answer false NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers How has DTC advertising changed over the last few decades? - correct answer DTC advertising has become an essential marketing tactic for both large and small brands which of the following most strongly influences physicians' prescribing habits - correct answer doctors' personal experiences, and their patients' unique situations pharmaceutical companies spend more onpromotional activities than on R&D - correct answer false which of the following would be most well-served by mass-market print and tv adds - correct answer a brand that treats a very common chronic condition which of the below is the least commonly analyzed fluid for conducting a medical diagnostic test - correct answer salive "gold standard" testing achieves the greatest results amoung the diagnostic testing measurements. gold standards provide the best understanding of what is happening to a patient so cost is not a factor when deciding to run these tests routinely - correct answer false NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers a coronary aniogram is obtained by injecting an iodine- based dye or other contrast agent into the bloodstream and takin x-rays of the coronary arteries - correct answer true how do companies use prescriber data - correct answer to conduct research Under PhRMA Code, what of the following is acceptable - correct answer modest meals for staff members attendign educational events Under the AMA Guidelines on Gifts to Physicians from Industry, which gifts are NOT permitted? - correct answer gifts that are onlu given to doctors with high prescribing volumes under PhRMA code, which of the following actions by sales reps are permitted - correct answer providing modest meals to staff members attending educational events the PhRMA Code on interactions with healthcare professional is only voluntary and not mandatory - correct answer true which of the following would not be considered acceptable promotional items under PhRMA Code - correct answer pens and clipboards designed to be used by patients in doctors' offices NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers Under PhRMA Code, what is one example of an acceptable patient education item? - correct answer an anatomical model valued under $100 under what circumstances does PhRMA code permit a company to provide entertainment or recreational activities to healthcare practitioners - correct answer none of these: when the activity is intended to facilitate informational exchange, when the practitioner is acting as a bone fide advisory board consultant, when the practinioner is providing a legitimate service to the company Under PhRMA Code, may a company sponsor a lunch at a 3-day conference if part of it includes an educational program for which attendees may choose to receive CME credit? - correct answer yes, but only iff the lunch is clearly seperate from the CME portion of the conference which of the following is an arm of the department of health and human services that investigates regulatory infarctions, provides compliance advice, and brings enforcement actions - correct answer offfice of inspector general It is illegal to ask receptionists for personal information about your clients such as home phone numbers, birthdays, or hobbies. A. TRUE B. FALSE - correct answer false NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers which of the following is not a primary goal or function of the P&T committee - correct answer to educate sales representatives on legal and ethical guidelines for professional behavior which of the following is a major challenge facing family medicine - correct answer managed care policies eroding patient- doctor relationships according to your manual, family physicians diagnose and treat approximately what proportion of patients they see (as ossposed to reffering them to specialists) - correct answer 95% which of the following are steps on the product adoption continuum - correct answer all: adoption, awareness, evaluation which of the following would be classified as a type of somatic psychiatric treatment - correct answer drug therapy Why is the last 10 minutes of each hour usually the best time to make office visits to psychiatrists? - correct answer psychiatrists are usually on their way to the hospital at that time What is/are an advantage/s of selling to residents? - correct answer residents are often more open-minded NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers Acute medications, such as antibiotics, are used to address short-term illnesses or symptoms. - correct answer true in some medical cases, a therapy may be initiated by a specialist and monitored and maintained by a primary care physician - correct answer true Blockbuster drug status typically translates into sales of just under $10 million annually. - correct answer false A generic drug manufacturer's greatest challenge is often to replicate drug formulation factors that affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the original drug. - correct answer true what differentiates an "orphan" drug from a "blockbuster" drug - correct answer orphan drugs typicalluy treat rare conditions How long are most calls and visits to physicians' offices (excluding waiting and driving time)? - correct answer only a few minutes which of the following is not a step in managing rumoms - correct answer counter attack NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers according to the text, which of the following is considered "going to the next level" - correct answer staying focused what is one of the primary job responsibilities of a retail pharmacist - correct answer dispensing pharmaceuticals what is not one of the ways in pharmaceutical companies and representatives categorize their customers - correct answer companies and agents categorize their patients in all of these ways which of the following are relatively new prescription drug benefits covered under the medicare prescription improvement & modernization act - correct answer Medicare part D which term means "disease producer" - correct answer pathogen which type of blood cell plays the most prominent role in fighting infection and disease - correct answer white blood cell which of the following generally resides on a cell surface (or in the cytoplasm) and causes a biological change or activity when stimulated - correct answer receptor renal pertains to - correct answer kidneys NAPSRx exam Questions And Answers what term denotes the practice of locating genes on a chromosome - correct answer gene mapping What field is MOST concerned with drug effects due to slight genetic differences? - correct answer pharmacogenomics Which entity or entities fund/s the National Institutes of Health (NIH)? - correct answer United States federal government with respect to the material in you manual, what does IDN stand for - correct answer integrated delivery network What is SS an abbreviation for? - correct answer semis what term is used to denote drugs that are non-biological (I.e. chemical) in nature - correct answer small molecule when referring to medication dosage, which medical abbriviation denotes "hour" - correct answer H which of the following terms denotes the study of drugs 'beneficial and toxic effects on living cells, tissues, and organisms' - correct answer pharmacology