NAPSRX Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

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NAPSRX Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024 Pharmaceuticals are arguably the most socially important healthcare product - Correct Answer-true Pharmaceutical deveoplment is a big-risk undertaking, in which many promising leads prove disappointing - Correct Answer-true Pharmaceutical sales are highest in which geographical regions - Correct Answer-The U.S., Western Europe, and Japan The U.S. accounts for about ____ of the world's pharmaceutical revenues - Correct Answer- 50% Which off the following has fueled recent growth in the pharmaceutical industry - Correct Answer-population growth and increased life expectancies pg. 1 professoraxe l According to your manual, which statement accurately describes the predicted relationship between pharmaceutical companies and genomic research facilities - Correct Answer-partnerships between pharmaceuitcal companies and genomic companies will not prove immediately profitable prescription drug therapy is not cost-effective for insurance companies and healthcare providers - Correct Answer-false the high price of healthcare is explained by the high price of medicines - Correct Answer- false one of the oldest and least efffective pharmaceutical marjeting techniques is DTC (direct-to-consumer) advertising - Correct Answer-false what influences the number of districts in a region - Correct Answer-the region's population pg. 2 professoraxe l thanks to modern medicines, how long are people newly diagnosed with HIV expected to live - Correct Answer-another 50 years how much has the average american lifespan increased since 1890 - Correct Answer-almost 30 years what is a treatment group - Correct Answer-A group of patients assigned to receive a specified treatment what is the main difference between a blinded and double-blinded study - Correct Answer-in a double blinded study, neither the study staff nor the study participants know which subjects are in the experimental group and which are in the control what does "asymptomatic" mean - Correct Answer-not exhibiting signs or symptoms pg. 5 professoraxe l what term denotes the study of bodily functions (as opposed to structures) - Correct Answer-physiology In its broadest definition, a drug is any substance that produces a physical or psychological change in the body - Correct Answer- true how does the federal food, drug and cosmetic act (FFDCA) define a drug - Correct Answer-any substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention off disease, or a substance other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body which statement about vitamins is correct - Correct Answer-most of the bodys required vitamins must be taken in from outside the body ADME testing measures the rate at which the body absorbs the drug, distributes it to the organs necessary to produce the desired effect, metabolizes it into waste material and then excretes it from the body. - Correct Answer-true ADME testing is primarily used in what field - Correct Answer- Pharmacokinetics pg. 6 professoraxe l which statement about placebos is correct - Correct Answer- Placebo effects can lead to withdrawal symptoms. on average, only about 5 off 4,000 drugs studied in the labratory are eventually studied in people - Correct Answer-true which statement is true about drugs taken sublingually - Correct Answer-sublingual drugs are absorbed directly and almost immediately into the bloodstream what are 3 off the 7 rights of drug administration - Correct Answer- the right patient, rigt drug, and right dose pro-drugs are administered in an active form, which is metabolized into an inactive form - Correct Answer-false the kidney of an 85-year-old persion excretes drugs only ____ as efficiently as that of a 35-year-old person - Correct Answer-around 50% the normal age-related decrease in kidney function cem help doctors determine an appropiate dosage based soley on a person's age - Correct Answer-true pg. 7 professoraxe l why is noncomplience a serios public healthy concern - Correct Answer-it increases the cost of medical care which of the following is NOT eligible for patent protection under U.S. regulations - Correct Answer-companies can be granted patents for all these things drugs' trade names are often unrelated to their intended use - Correct Answer-true Like foods and household products, generic drugs are usually lower quality than the brand name drugs for which they are marketed as equivalents. - Correct Answer-false Legally, bioequivalence of different versions of a drug can vary by up to ________. - Correct Answer-20% which of the following statements about biologics is incorrect - Correct Answer-they do not cause immune response "large molecules" products are developed and manuffactured by a chemical process - Correct Answer-false pg. 10 professoraxe l what are drugs that attract or bind to cell receptors in order to mimic or enhance activities by endogenous chemical messengers - Correct Answer-agonists Which term denotes how an API works in the body? - Correct Answer-mechanism of action What cements the active and inert components together to maintain cohesive portions? - Correct Answer-binders what does the medical abbreviation "BID" denote - Correct Answer-twice a day what is the medical abbreviation for "as needed" - Correct Answer-PRN what components might cause patients' different reactions to brand name and generic drugs - Correct Answer-differences in inactive ingredients all cells have a nucleus - Correct Answer-false pg. 11 professoraxe l which of the following does not affect drig response - Correct Answer-the patients' genetic makeup, age, body size, and use of other drugs and dietary supplements, the patient's other conditions or diseases, whether or not the patient takes the drug properly drug reactions are predictable becasue they do not occur after a person has been previously exposed to the drug one or more times without any allergic reactions - Correct Answer-false what is the typical relationship between a drug's site of administration and site of action - Correct Answer-they are usually somewhat removed from each other what is CMAX - Correct Answer-Peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve which of the following is not a main concept in clinical pharmacology - Correct Answer-pharmacoprocesses which of the following is not a route of drug administration - Correct Answer-transfugal pg. 12 professoraxe l a company that owns and operates three or fewer pharmacies is an - Correct Answer-independent drug store which section of a drug's package insert infformation covers the usual dosage range - Correct Answer-indications and usage Drug labels must include indications and usage information, as well as contraindications. - Correct Answer-true what should be included in the "description" section off a drug's package insert information - Correct Answer-the drug's proprietary name and the established name Exclusivity gives exclusive _____, is granted by the FDA, and can run concurrently with a patent or not. - Correct Answer- marketing rights what differentiates exclusivity from a patent - Correct Answer- Exclusivity is only granted upon the drug's FDA approval. pg. 15 professoraxe l what is required of an invention for it to be worthy of patent protection - Correct Answer-it must be novel, useful, and not obvious a generic drug is ___ to the originator brand-name drug in dosage, strength, safety, and quality - Correct Answer- bioequivalent which of the following is not required by the FDA's Criteria for Equivalency - Correct Answer-the drugs contain identical amounts off the same inactive ingredients A generic drug is ____ to the originatory brand-name drug in dosage, strength, safety, and quality - Correct Answer- bioequivalent what list is generally considered the most reliable source of information on therapeutically equivalent drug products - Correct Answer-"approved drug products with therapeutic equivalence" which of the following is an Orange Book rating - Correct Answer-AA pg. 16 professoraxe l what is the term for chemical equivalents which, when administered in the same amounts, will provide the same biological or physiological availability as measured by blood and urine levels - Correct Answer-biological equivalents what term denotes a drug that is identical or bioequivalent to the originator brand-name drug in dosage form, safety, strength, route, quality, performance, characteristics, and intended use - Correct Answer-generic what term denotes the dispensing of an unbranded generic product for the product prescribed - Correct Answer-generic substitution what is the duration off a patent challenge - Correct Answer- 180 days How is a drug sample closet or cabinet like a grocery store shelf? - Correct Answer-the more visibility you can give your drug, the more likely that it will be prescribed pg. 17 professoraxe l Which problem would NOT be improved by electronic prescribing systems? - Correct Answer-none: patients "doctor- shopping" for controlled substances, pharmacists misreading prescriptions, physicians wasting time calling pharmacies what should you do if you recieve a shipment from your employer and you notice that there are twice as many samples as what is posted on the packing slip - Correct Answer-call your sales manager to inform him/ her of the mistake and ask for instructions posted on the packing slip which area of drugs R&D has seen the largest cost increases - Correct Answer-clinical trials on average, how long does it take for a new drug to be developed (I.e., from the discovery of the initial compound to FDA approval) - Correct Answer-10-15 years which of the following regulatory agencies is industry- based (I.c., run mainly by the companies themselves) - Correct Answer-Pharmaceutical research and manufactures of america (PhRMA) pg. 20 professoraxe l which of the following factors has simplified the pharmaceutical R&D process - Correct Answer-none: an intensive regulatory process, growing demand in the medical community for more complex data about pharmaceuticals, and the increasing number of precedures in Phase III trials the landmark FDA Modernization Act of 1997 was a major step forward in enabling safe and effective new drugs and biologics to be made available sooner to patients - Correct Answer-true according to your manual, which type of system is the best wat to deliever healthcare - Correct Answer-a market-based system how would increased pharmaceutical price controls affect the U.S. healthcare system - Correct Answer-increased price controls would stifle innovation which of the following invests a greater percentage of sales in research than the biotech sector - Correct Answer-none: aerospace sector, communications sector, electronics sector pg. 21 professoraxe l what was the intent of the Bayh-Dole Act and Stevenson- Wydler Technology Innovation Act - Correct Answer-to hasten the commercialization of technologies that otherwise might not be used according to your manual, what did the G10 medicines group recently report about the pharmaceutical industry in the european union (EU) - Correct Answer-there is poor collaberation between publicly- and privately- funded research concerns The aim of preclinical pharmacological studies is to obtain data on the safety and effectiveness of the lead compound. - Correct Answer-true toxicity infformation in preclinical studies helps provide confidence about a drug's safety - Correct Answer-true pharmacological studies using animals are regulated under good laboratory practice - Correct Answer-true Why do drugs administered to patients only contain APIs? - Correct Answer-they don't pg. 22 professoraxe l If it is not possible to measure the direct effects of a drug, what is used instead? - Correct Answer-surrogate markers such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels which of the following is an observational study that first identifies a group of subject with a certain disease and a control group without the disease, and then looks to back in time (e.g. via chart reviews) to find exposure to risk factors - Correct Answer-case-control study which measure of central tendency is the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations - Correct Answer-mean which measurement describes the number of new events that occur during a specified period of time in a population at risk for the event (e.g. lung infections per year) - Correct Answer- incidence which of the following measures is used to describe the variability of the populaton mean - Correct Answer-standard error of the mean pg. 25 professoraxe l which of the following terms denotes the extent to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to be measuring, or what we think it is measuring - Correct Answer-validity What are the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis? - Correct Answer-methods of survival analysis what section of a clincal paper describes subjects' entry and exclusion criteria - Correct Answer-methods which document sets out how a trial is to be conducted (I.e. the study's general design and operating features) - Correct Answer-inclusion criteria when designing and performing clincal trials, several ethical constraintes must be considered. which of the following is NOT one of these ethical constraints - Correct Answer- geographic variations what is one way in which "large molecule" drugs DIFFER from "small molecule" drugs - Correct Answer-large molecule drugs pg. 26 professoraxe l are mainly protein-based drugs that develop in biological systems such as living cells which of the following statements about vaccines is incorrect - Correct Answer-vaccines are types of "small molecule drugs" what is an advantage of attenuated vaccines over inactivated vaccines - Correct Answer-attenuated vaccines are less expensive to prepare how are toxoids derived - Correct Answer-from the toxins secreted by a pathogen what is the estimated annual death toll for malaria - Correct Answer-1.5 to 3.5 million people there are more white blood cells than red blood cells for the same volume in the human body - Correct Answer-fasle how was insulin primarily obtaines from the 1930's to the 1980's - Correct Answer-porcine and bovine extracts pg. 27 professoraxe l which of these is not a type of formulary - Correct Answer-All of these are types of formularies: A. a closed three-tier formulary in which generic drugs are listed on Tier 1 B. a five-tier formulary that is supplemented by a step therapy program C. an open formulary that places few restrictions on coverage or access which of the following is not a recent formulary trend - Correct Answer-the repeal of hatch-waxman What did the Hatch-Waxman Act do? - Correct Answer-make it easier for generic manufacturers to compete with R&D companies What is opportunity cost? - Correct Answer-the valuse of a sacrificed alternative according to your manual, the three primary entities that fund pharmaceuticals are employers, the government (medicare and medicaid) and - Correct Answer-individuals pg. 30 professoraxe l which of these individuals would not be a member of a P&T committee - Correct Answer-a company's medical liason Almost 98% of employed Americans are now covered by a HMO, a preferred provider organization, or a point-of-service plan. - Correct Answer-false pharmaceutical companies are more interested in acquiring and exploiting another's brand than in acquiring another's R&D and sales and marketing assets - Correct Answer-false ideally, when should brand strategy development for a new drug begin - Correct Answer-during phase II clincal trials which of the following is an example of a "expressive" value - Correct Answer-"I own a BMW becuase I want people to know that I'm a serious driving enthusiast according to you rmanual, which of the following is not an example of a "functional" value - Correct Answer-uniqueness pg. 31 professoraxe l It is rare for pharmaceutical companies to explore, develop and promote expressive values with which patients might identify - Correct Answer-true To be competitive, pharmaceutical brands must be distinctive. They must possess defining characteristics that are perceived by customers to be unique, attractive and relevant to their needs. - Correct Answer-true With the global need for new drugs, pharmaceutical brand names are not subject to regulatory approval. - Correct Answer-false How has DTC advertising changed over the last few decades? - Correct Answer-DTC advertising has become an essential marketing tactic for both large and small brands which of the following most strongly influences physicians' prescribing habits - Correct Answer-doctors' personal experiences, and their patients' unique situations pharmaceutical companies spend more onpromotional activities than on R&D - Correct Answer-false pg. 32 professoraxe l diagnositic testes are done for a variety of reasons, which of the below is not a reason to perform a diagnostic test - Correct Answer-provide a single purpose for scientific analysis many diagnostic tests are considered to be of a general therapeutic are and are not specified - Correct Answer-false the most sensitive screening tool to detect osteoporosis- a disorder characterized by fragile, weak bones due to a drop in bone mass and increased risk of fractire is the arthrocentesis diagnostic test - Correct Answer-false neurodiagnostic tests are done because of patients illness or condition are mostly based in the central nervous system (brain or spinal cord). which of the below is not a sign of a nervous system disorder - Correct Answer-diarrhea the electroencephalogram (EEG or brain wave test) is a non- invasive procedure used to detect and record brain wave activity - Correct Answer-true pg. 35 professoraxe l a coronary aniogram is obtained by injecting an iodine- based dye or other contrast agent into the bloodstream and takin x- rays of the coronary arteries - Correct Answer-true how do companies use prescriber data - Correct Answer-to conduct research Under PhRMA Code, what of the following is acceptable - Correct Answer-modest meals for staff members attendign educational events Under the AMA Guidelines on Gifts to Physicians from Industry, which gifts are NOT permitted? - Correct Answer- gifts that are onlu given to doctors with high prescribing volumes under PhRMA code, which of the following actions by sales reps are permitted - Correct Answer-providing modest meals to staff members attending educational events the PhRMA Code on interactions with healthcare professional is only voluntary and not mandatory - Correct Answer-true pg. 36 professoraxe l which of the following would not be considered acceptable promotional items under PhRMA Code - Correct Answer-pens and clipboards designed to be used by patients in doctors' offices Under PhRMA Code, what is one example of an acceptable patient education item? - Correct Answer-an anatomical model valued under $100 under what circumstances does PhRMA code permit a company to provide entertainment or recreational activities to healthcare practitioners - Correct Answer-none of these: when the activity is intended to facilitate informational exchange, when the practitioner is acting as a bone fide advisory board consultant, when the practinioner is providing a legitimate service to the company Under PhRMA Code, may a company sponsor a lunch at a 3- day conference if part of it includes an educational program for which attendees may choose to receive CME credit? - Correct Answer-yes, but only iff the lunch is clearly seperate from the CME portion of the conference pg. 37 professoraxe l Who is the Medical Science Liaison (MSL)? - Correct Answer- someone employed by a pharmaceutical company who builds relationships with thought leaders and acts as an informational resources what type of feducation do MSLs typically have - Correct Answer-graduate-level science degrees how do companies typically judge the MSL team's contributions - Correct Answer-return on education what differentiates "push through" programs from "pull through" programs - Correct Answer-sales representatives are more involved in "pull through" programs which of these are a type of "pull through" program - Correct Answer-all: adherence/ persistency, educaitonal support, theropeutic intervention becasue pharmaceutical sales reps mostly out of their homes, it is not important that they work well in a team environment - Correct Answer-false pg. 40 professoraxe l what is the most likely reason that a doctor would lack interest in one of your clinical studies - Correct Answer-the doctor does not like the way you are presenting it which of the following are an effective method for researching the 65+ market - Correct Answer-all: being a medicare part d information resource, knowing the physician-payer mix, taking advantage of partenership programs when a physician visits your hospital display, you should begin the converstation by asking "can I help you" - Correct Answer- false which of the following is not a rule in making the most out of your sales calls - Correct Answer-your agenda, not theirs Specialty care products are often prescribed by generalist physicians. - Correct Answer-false side effects that might be considered merely minor annoyances in acute treatment can be a powerfful barrier to adoption in chronic therapies - Correct Answer-true pg. 41 professoraxe l Acute medications, such as antibiotics, are used to address short-term illnesses or symptoms. - Correct Answer-true in some medical cases, a therapy may be initiated by a specialist and monitored and maintained by a primary care physician - Correct Answer-true Blockbuster drug status typically translates into sales of just under $10 million annually. - Correct Answer-false A generic drug manufacturer's greatest challenge is often to replicate drug formulation factors that affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the original drug. - Correct Answer-true what differentiates an "orphan" drug from a "blockbuster" drug - Correct Answer-orphan drugs typicalluy treat rare conditions How long are most calls and visits to physicians' offices (excluding waiting and driving time)? - Correct Answer-only a few minutes pg. 42 professoraxe l What is SS an abbreviation for? - Correct Answer-semis what term is used to denote drugs that are non-biological (I.e. chemical) in nature - Correct Answer-small molecule when referring to medication dosage, which medical abbriviation denotes "hour" - Correct Answer-H which of the following terms denotes the study of drugs 'beneficial and toxic effects on living cells, tissues, and organisms' - Correct Answer-pharmacology what are specialized cells and tissues that work together to perform a specific body function for a common purpose - Correct Answer-organs what is the mechanism of action - Correct Answer-the method by which a medication produces its therapeutic effects what is plasma - Correct Answer-the fluid portion of the blood pg. 45 professoraxe l What is anaphylaxis? - Correct Answer-An extreme sensitivity and reaction to a foreign substance, including medications which of the following are a way in which CNS agents are used - Correct Answer-all: as analgesics, anesthetics, anti- convulsants How do cholinergic agonists work? - Correct Answer-by mimicking the actions of acetylcholine which of the following types of therapeutic agents is used to promote blood clot formation - Correct Answer-fibrinolytics which of the following is not a type off gastrointestinal agents - Correct Answer-protein inhibitors what is one of the main functions off a tocolytic agent - Correct Answer-to suppress labor which of the conditions is not treated with antiandrogens - Correct Answer-dyspepsia pg. 46 professoraxe l which types of patients are MOST likely to receive immune globulins? - Correct Answer-patients with weakened immune systems What is iron's primary function in the body? - Correct Answer- carrying oxygen which of the following is not a type of anti-infectant - Correct Answer-antimetabolites what is one difference between entry-level and experienced resumes - Correct Answer-entry-level resumes are more likely to begin with the education section than the experience section which statement about targeted cover letters is true - Correct Answer-targeted cover letters are always tailored to specific companies pg. 47 professoraxe l