NAPSRx Practice: QuestionsAnd Answers (A+), Exams of Public Health

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NAPSRx Practice: Questions And Answers (A+)

Quiz :Which area of R&D has seen the largest cost increases? - √Answer :clinical trials Quiz :On average, how long does a new drug take to be developed (from discovery of initial compound to FDA approval)? - √Answer :10-15 years Quiz :Which of the following regulatory agencies is industry-based (run mainly by the companies themselves)? - √Answer :Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) Quiz :Which of the following factors has simplified the pharmaceutical R&D process? - √Answer :none of these Quiz :The landmark FDA Modernization Act of 1997 was a major step forward in enabling safe and effective new drugs and biologics to be made available sooner to patients. - √Answer :True Quiz :According to your manual, which type of system is the best way to deliver healthcare? - √Answer :a market-based system Quiz :How would increased pharmaceutical price controls impact the US healthcare system? - √Answer :increased price controls would stifle innovation Quiz :Which of the following invests a greater percentage of sales in research than the biotech sector? - √Answer :none of these Quiz :What was the intent of the Bayh-Dohl Act and the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act? - √Answer :to hasten the commercialization of technologies that otherwise might not be used Quiz :According to your manual, what did the G10 Medicines Group recently report about the pharmaceutical industry in the European Union (EU)? - √Answer :there is poor collaboration between publicly- and privately-funded research centers Quiz :The aim of preclinical pharmacological studies is to obtain data on the safety and effectiveness of the lead compound. - √Answer :True

Quiz :Toxicity information in preclinical studies provides confidence about a drugs safety aspect. - √Answer :True Quiz :Pharmacological studies using animals are regulated under Good Laboratory Practice. - √Answer :True Quiz :Why do drugs administered to patients only contain APIs? - √Answer :they don't Quiz :Which of the following does not affect a drug's ability to permeate membranes? - √Answer :the drug's vesicles Quiz :Through which barriers can lipid-soluble drugs usually pass? - √Answer :cell membranes Quiz :How are weak acid drugs generally absorbed by the stomach? - √Answer :more quickly than weak basic drugs Quiz :Which of the following routes of administration do NOT completely bypass the liver? - √Answer :rectal administration Quiz :Why are intravenous drug dosages easier to control than drugs administered transdermally? - √Answer :The entire dose is available in the bloodstream to be delivered to the target site Quiz :Which of the following do not affect a drug's distribution to its target tissues? - √Answer :all of these affect a drug's distribution to its target tissues Quiz :Which of these medical terms means "to apply the drug on the skin's surface"? - √Answer :transdermal Quiz :Carcinogenicity studies are carried out to identify the tumor-causing potential of a drug. - √Answer :True Quiz :According to NIH ethical guidelines, which of the following is the most important criteria in selecting subjects for clinical studies? - √Answer :scientific objectives

Quiz :Which statement about the IRB is incorrect? - √Answer :The members of the IRB/IEC must be experts in the topic of the study Quiz :Which phases of clinical studies are open label and which are blinded? - √Answer :Phase I and IV are often open label, Phase II and III are double- blinded or at least blinded Quiz :If it is not possible to measure the direct effects of a drug, what is used instead? - √Answer :surrogate markers such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels Quiz :Which of the following is an observational study that first identifies a group of subjects with a certain disease and a control group without the disease, and then looks back in time (via chart reviews) to find exposure to risk factors? - √Answer :case-control study Quiz :Which measure of central tendency is the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations? - √Answer :mean Quiz :Which measurement describes the number of new events that occur during a specified period of time in a population at risk for the event? - √Answer :incidence Quiz :Which of the following measures is used to describe variability of the population mean? - √Answer :standard error of the mean Quiz :Which of the following terms denotes the extent to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to be measuring, or what we think it is measuring? - √Answer :validity Quiz :What are the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis? - √Answer :methods of survival analysis Quiz :Which section of a clinical paper describes subjects' entry and exclusion criteria? - √Answer :methods Quiz :Which document sets how a trial is to be conducted (ie the study's general design and operating features)? - √Answer :protocol

Quiz :When designing and performing clinical trials, several ethical constraints must be considered. Which of the following is NOT one of these ethical constraints? - √Answer :geographic variations Quiz :What is one way in which large molecule drugs differ from small molecule drugs? - √Answer :Large molecule drugs are mainly protein-based drugs that develop in biological systems such as living cells Quiz :Which of the following statements about vaccines is INCORRECT? - √Answer :Vaccines are types of "small molecule" drugs Quiz :What is an advantage of attenuated vaccines over inactivated vaccines? - √Answer :attenuated vaccines are less expensive to prepare Quiz :How are toxoids derived? - √Answer :from the toxins secreted by a pathogen Quiz :What is the estimated death toll for malaria? - √Answer :1.5 to 3. million people Quiz :There are more white blood cells than red blood cells for the same volume in the human body. - √Answer :False Quiz :How was insulin primarily obtained from the 1930s to the 1980s? - √Answer :porcine and bovine extracts Quiz :Which of the following are NOT types of cytokines? - √Answer :all of these are cytokines (interferons, interleukins, monokines) Quiz :Which of the following is not a type of hormone? - √Answer :blood glucose Quiz :Which of the following is a basic gene therapy technique? - √Answer :in vitro, in which patients' genetically faulted tissues are removed, loaded with normal genes in vectors, and returned to the patients' bodies Quiz :Which statement about stem cells is correct? - √Answer :Pluripotent stem cells can develop into many cell types, but not a new individual.

Quiz :Leukemia is a condition in which the stem cells in the bone marrow malfunction and produce an excessive number of immature white blood cells. - √Answer :True Quiz :Which of the following are types of vectors used in gene therapy? - √Answer :retroviruses Quiz :Which of the following is NOT a type of stem cell? - √Answer :semipotent Quiz :Traditional vaccines are prepared in a number of ways. Which of the following is NOT one of them? - √Answer :insulin Quiz :Effective drug therapy is a cost-effective and highly valuable means of controlling total healthcare expenditures and improving quality of life. - √Answer :True Quiz :Drug Utilization Review (DUR) programs... - √Answer :have traditionally been used to ensure the appropriate, safe, and effective use of prescription drugs, but are increasingly shifting their focus to minimizing costs. Quiz :DUR programs involve retrospective monitoring of physicians' prescribing patterns. - √Answer :True Quiz :A formulary is a list of prescription drugs approved by insurance coverage. - √Answer :True Quiz :The history of drug formularies in the US extends back to... - √Answer :the American Revolution Quiz :Which of these is NOT a type of formulary? - √Answer :All of these are types of formularies: A. a closed three-tier formulary in which generic drugs are listed on Tier 1 B. a five-tier formulary that is supplemented by a step therapy program C. an open formulary that places few restrictions on coverage or access Quiz :Which of the following is NOT a recent formulary trend? - √Answer :the repeal of Hatch-Waxman

Quiz :What did the Hatch-Waxman Act do? - √Answer :make it easier for generic manufacturers to compete with R&D companies Quiz :What is opportunity cost? - √Answer :the value of a sacrificed alternative Quiz :According to your manual, the three primary entities that fund pharmaceutical employers, the government (Medicare and Medicaid), and ___________ - √Answer :individuals Quiz :Which of these individuals would NOT be a member of P&T committee?

• √Answer :a company's medical liaison Quiz :Almost 98% of employed Americans are now covered by a HMO, a preferred provider organization, or a point-of-service plan. - √Answer :False Quiz :Pharmaceutical companies are more interested in acquiring and exploiting another's brands than in acquiring another's R&D and sales and marketing assets. - √Answer :False Quiz :Ideally, when should brand strategy development for a new drug begin?
• √Answer :during Phase II clinical trials Quiz :Which of the following is an example of an "expressive" value? - √Answer :"I own a BMW because I want people to know that I'm a serious driving enthusiast." Quiz :According to your manual, which of the following is NOT an example of a "functional" value? - √Answer :uniqueness Quiz :It is rare for pharmaceutical companies to explore, develop and promote expressive values with which patients might identify - √Answer :True Quiz :To be competitive, pharmaceutical brands must be distinctive. They must possess defining characteristics that are perceived by customers to be unique, attractive and relevant to their needs. - √Answer :True Quiz :With the global need for new drugs, pharmaceutical brand names are not subject to regulatory approval. - √Answer :False

Quiz :How has DTC advertising changed over the last few decades? - √Answer :DTC advertising has become an essential marketing tactic for both large and small brands. Quiz :Which of the following MOST strongly influences physicians' prescribing habits? - √Answer :doctors' personal experiences and their patients' unique situations Quiz :Pharmaceutical companies spend more on promotional activities than on R&D. - √Answer :False Quiz :Which of the following would be MOST well-served by mass-market print and TV ads? - √Answer :a brand that treats a very common chronic condition Quiz :Which of the below is the least commonly analyzed fluid for conducting a medical diagnostic test? - √Answer :saliva Quiz :"Gold standard" testing achieved the greatest results among the diagnostic testing measurements. Gold standards provide the best understanding of what is happening to a patient so cost is not a factor when deciding to run these tests routinely. - √Answer :False Quiz :Every test has some risk. The risk may be the possibility of injury during the test, or it may be the need for further testing if the results are abnormal - √Answer :True Quiz :For genetic testing, which of the below cell material is not commonly used for examination to check abnormalities of chromosomes, genes (including DNA), or both? - √Answer :urine Quiz :There are 4 common test sites for none marrow aspiration and biopsy. Which of the following is NOT one of them? - √Answer :the bottom bone of the foot Quiz :DEXA is the only method that may be used to make a definitive diagnosis of osteoporosis and to monitor response to treatment. - √Answer :True

Quiz :Which of the below tests uses small needle sensors (electrodes) to record the electrical activity in selected muscles and peripheral nerves during rest? - √Answer :electromyography (EMG) Quiz :Wearable and implantable test technologies currently in development will allow for constant monitoring of body chemistry and collection of previously inaccessible data. - √Answer :True Quiz :Diagnostic tests are never used to detect, confirm, or rule out the presence of a disease of medical condition. - √Answer :False Quiz :Diagnostic tests are done for a variety of reasons, which of the below is not a reason to perform a diagnostic test? - √Answer :provide a single purpose for scientific analysis Quiz :Many diagnostic tests are considered to be part of general therapeutic and are not specified. - √Answer :False Quiz :The most sensitive screening tool to detect osteoporosis is the Arthrocentesis diagnostic test. - √Answer :False Quiz :Neurodiagnostic tests are done because of a patients' illness or condition are normally based in the CNS (brain or spinal cord). Which of the below is not a sign of a nervous system disorder? - √Answer :diarrhea Quiz :The Electroencephalogram (EEG or brain wave test) is a non-invasive procedure used to detect and record brain wave cell activity. - √Answer :True Quiz :A coronary angiogram is obtained by injecting an iodine-based dye or other contrast agent into the bloodstream and taking x-rays of the coronary arteries. - √Answer :True Quiz :How do companies use prescriber data? - √Answer :to conduct research Quiz :Under PhRMA code, which of the following is acceptable? - √Answer :modest meals for staff members attending educational events Quiz :Under the AMA Guidelines on Gifts to Physicians from Industry, which gifts are NOT permitted? - √Answer :gifts that are only given to doctors with high prescribing volumes

Quiz :The PhRMA Code on Interactions with Healthcare Professionals is only voluntary and not mandatory. - √Answer :True Quiz :Which of the following would NOT be considered acceptable promotional items under PhRMA Code? - √Answer :pens and clipboards designed to be used by patients in doctors' offices Quiz :Under PhRMA Code, what is one example of an acceptable patient education item? - √Answer :an anatomical model valued under $ Quiz :Under what circumstances does PhRMA Code permit a company to provide entertainment or recreational events to healthcare practitioners? - √Answer :under none of these circumstances Quiz :Under PhRMA Code, may a company sponsor a lunch at a 3-day conference if part of it includes an educational program for which attendees may choose to receive CME credit? - √Answer :yes, but only if the lunch is clearly separate from the CME portion of the conference Quiz :Which of the following is an arm of the Department of Health and Human Services that investigates regulatory infractions, provides compliance advice, and brings enforcement actions? - √Answer :Office of the Inspector General Quiz :It is illegal to ask receptionists for personal information about your clients such as home phone numbers, birthdays, or hobbies. - √Answer :False Quiz :Which of the following is NOT a primary goal or function of the P&T committee? - √Answer :to educate sales reps on legal and ethical guidelines for professional behavior Quiz :Which of the following is a major challenge facing family medicine? - √Answer :managed care policies eroding patient-doctor relationships Quiz :According to your manual, family physicians diagnose and treat approximately what proportion of patients they see (as opposed to referring them to specialists)? - √Answer :95%

Quiz :Which of the following is NOT one of the steps on the Product Adoption Continuum? - √Answer :these are all steps (adoption, awareness, evaluation) Quiz :Which of the following would be classified as a type of somatic psychiatric treatment? - √Answer :drug therapy Quiz :Why is the last 10 minutes of each hour usually the best time to make office visits to psychiatrists? - √Answer :psychiatrists of ten see patients on the hour for 45 minutes Quiz :What is the advantage to selling to residents? - √Answer :residents are often more open-minded Quiz :What is drug utilization review (DUR)? - √Answer :an MCO's practice of monitoring prescribing patterns Quiz :What is the focus for short call protocol? - √Answer :beginning with a specific patient type Quiz :Who is the Medical Science Liaison (MSL)? - √Answer :someone employed by a pharmaceutical company who builds relationships with thought leaders and acts as an informational resources Quiz :What type of education do MSLs typically have? - √Answer :graduate- level science degree Quiz :How do companies typically judge the MSL team's contributions? - √Answer :return on education Quiz :What differentiates "push through" programs from "pull through" programs? - √Answer :sales reps are more involved in "pull through" programs Quiz :Which of these is NOT a type of "pull through" program? - √Answer :all of these are pull though programs (adherence/persistency, educational support, therapeutic intervention) Quiz :Because pharmaceutical sales reps work mostly out of their home it is not important for a rep to work well in a team environment. - √Answer :False

Quiz :What is the MOST LIKELY reason that a doctor would lack interest in one of your clinical studies? - √Answer :the doctor does not like the way you are presenting it Quiz :Which of the following is NOT an effective method for reaching the 65+ market? - √Answer :all of these are effective (being a Medicare Part D information resource, knowing the physician-payer mix, taking advantage of partnership programs) Quiz :When a physician visits your hospital display you should begin conversation by asking, "Can I help you?" - √Answer :False Quiz :Which of the following is NOT a rule in making the most of your sales calls? - √Answer :your agenda, not theirs Quiz :Specialty care products are more often prescribed by generalist physicians. - √Answer :False Quiz :Side effects that might be considered merely minor annoyances in acute treatment can be a powerful barrier to adoption in chronic therapies. - √Answer :True Quiz :Acute medications, such as antibiotics, are used to address short-term illnesses or symptoms. - √Answer :True Quiz :In some medical cases, a therapy may be initiated by a specialist and monitored and maintained by a primary care physician. - √Answer :True Quiz :Blockbuster drug status typically translates into sales of just under $ million annually. - √Answer :False (blockbuster status is $1B) Quiz :A generic drug manufacturer's greatest challenge is often to replicate drug formulation factors that affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the original drug. - √Answer :True Quiz :What differentiates an "orphan" drug from a "blockbuster" drug? - √Answer :orphan drugs typically treat rare conditions Quiz :How long are most calls and visits to physicians' offices (excluding waiting and driving time)? - √Answer :only a few minutes

Quiz :Which of the following is NOT a step in managing rumors? - √Answer :counter attack Quiz :According to the text, which of the following is considered "going to the next level"? - √Answer :staying focused Quiz :What is one of the primary job responsibilities of a retail pharmacist? - √Answer :dispensing pharmaceuticals Quiz :What is NOT one of the ways pharmaceutical companies and reps categorize their customers? - √Answer :companies and reps categorize in all these ways (acute vs. chronic care, office-based vs. hospital-based, primary vs. specialty care) Quiz :Which of the following are relatively new prescription drug benefits covered under the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement & Modernization Act? - √Answer :Medicare Part D Quiz :Which term means "disease producer"? - √Answer :pathogen Quiz :Which type of blood cell plays the most prominent role in fighting infection and disease? - √Answer :white blood cell Quiz :Which of the following generally resides on a cell surface (or in the cytoplasm) and causes a biological change or activity when stimulated? - √Answer :receptor Quiz :Renal pertains to: - √Answer :kidneys Quiz :What term denotes the practice of locating genes on a chromosome - √Answer :gene mapping Quiz :What field is MOST concerned with drug effects due to slight genetic differences? - √Answer :pharmacogenomics Quiz :Which entity or entities fund/s the National Institutes of Health (NIH)? - √Answer :US Federal Government

Quiz :With respect to the material in your manual, what does IDN stand for? - √Answer :integrated delivery network Quiz :What is SS an abbreviation for? - √Answer :semis Quiz :What term is used to denote drugs that are non-biological (ie chemical) in nature? - √Answer :small molecule Quiz :When referring to medication dosage, which medical abbreviation denotes "hour"? - √Answer :H Quiz :Which of the following terms denotes the study of drugs' beneficial and toxic effects on living cells, tissues, and organisms? - √Answer :pharmacology Quiz :What are specialized cell and tissues that work together to perform a specific body function for a common purpose? - √Answer :organs Quiz :What is the mechanism of action? - √Answer :the method by which a medication produced its therapeutic effects Quiz :What is plasma? - √Answer :the fluid portion of blood Quiz :What is anaphylaxis? - √Answer :An extreme sensitivity and reaction to a foreign substance, including medications Quiz :Which of the following is NOT a way in which CNS agents are used? - √Answer :they are used in all these ways (analgesics, anesthetics, anti- convulsant) Quiz :How do cholinergic agonists work? - √Answer :by mimicking the actions of acetylcholine Quiz :Which of the following types of therapeutic agents is used to promote blood clot formation? - √Answer :fibrinolytics Quiz :Which of the following is NOT a type of gastrointestinal agent? - √Answer :prolactin inhibitors Quiz :What is one of the main functions of a tocolytic agent? - √Answer :to suppress labor

Quiz :Which of these conditions is NOT treated with antiandrogens? - √Answer :dyspepsia Quiz :Which types of patients are MOST likely to receive immune globulins? - √Answer :patients with weakened immune systems Quiz :What is iron's primary function in the body? - √Answer :carrying oxygen Quiz :Which of the following is NOT a type of anti-infectant? - √Answer :antimetabolites Quiz :What is the difference between entry-level and experienced resumes? - √Answer :entry-level resumes are more likely to begin with the education section Quiz :Which statement about targeted cover letters is true? - √Answer :targeted cover letters are always tailored to specific companies