NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions, Exams of Nursing

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NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions Purpose of Scientific Method - Correct Answer solve a problem or Correct Answer a question Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Observe & Record, Analyze, Conclude - Correct Answer steps of scientific method Independent variable - Correct Answer a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure, change or controlled example: age dependent variable - Correct Answer a variable dependent on other factors, tested or measured example: test score - factors that go into a score you receive on a test NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions control group - Correct Answer does not receive treatment and used to compare or measure the other subjects experimental group - Correct Answer exposed to changes in independent variable anatomy - Correct Answer branch of science concerned with bodily structure of living organisms; structure physiology - Correct Answer science dealing with the functions of living things or their organs level of organization - Correct Answer living things arranged from the simplest to most complex are: organelle cells tissues organs NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions negative feedback mechanisms - Correct Answer most common form of homeostasis, bringing people back to normal functioning negative feedback mechanisms - Correct Answer example of homeostasis: adjustments of blood pressure, metabolism, body temp positive feedback mechanisms - Correct Answer form of homeostasis level of variable changes in same direction as initial change enhances or accelerates output created by activated stimulus positive feedback mechanisms - Correct Answer example of type of homeostasis: platelet aggregation or accumulation in response to injury, child birth anatomical position - Correct Answer erect position, face forward, arms at side, palms face forward used to describe relation to other things NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions coronal, sagittal, transverse - Correct Answer 3 major planes of dissection cranial - Correct Answer brain body region spinal/vertebral - Correct Answer spinal cord body region thoracic cavity - Correct Answer lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus abdominal cavity - Correct Answer stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small/large intestines, kidneys pleural cavity - Correct Answer contains lungs NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions pelvic cavity - Correct Answer end of large intestines, urinary bladder, reproductive organs mediastinum - Correct Answer seperates lungs pericardial - Correct Answer contains heart axial - Correct Answer head, neck, and trunk of body appendicular - Correct Answer limbs electron - Correct Answer negatively charged particle, outer shell proton - Correct Answer positive, in nucleus number of protons - Correct Answer number of electrons is equal to the same... NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions enzymes - Correct Answer promote chemical reactions by bringing substrates together in an optimal orientation, thus creating an ideal chemical environment for the reaction to occur always return to original state decomposition - Correct Answer single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds These reactions often involve heat, light, electricity synthesis - Correct Answer multiple reactants combine to form a single product Release energy in form of heat and light (exothermic) Hydrogen and oxygen -> water NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions exchange - Correct Answer any class of reactions between two substances that involves an exchange of one or more ionic components (positive and negative charges) solvent - Correct Answer substance solute is dissolved in polar molecule - Correct Answer a molecule that has electrically charged areas covalent bonds - polarity if its atoms differ in electronegativity can form hydrogen bonds nonpolar molecule - Correct Answer cannot mix with water dissociation - Correct Answer leads to acidic and basic conditions NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions the splitting of a molecule into smaller molecules, atoms, or ions, especially by a reversible process PH - Correct Answer measure of acidity measure of hydrogen ion concentration basic/alkaline - Correct Answer if pH is above 7 it is... acidic - Correct Answer if pH is below 7 its... diffusion - Correct Answer Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration dialysis - Correct Answer small molecules can diffuse through semipermeable membranes NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions ribosomes - Correct Answer makes proteins golgi apparatus - Correct Answer make, process, and package proteins lysosome - Correct Answer contains digestive enzymes to help break down food endoplasmic reticulum - Correct Answer "intracellular highway" transports item around the cell, creates lipids of fat mitochondria - Correct Answer Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production nucleus - Correct Answer brains of the cell, directs cell activity and contains genetic material called chromosomes made of DNA NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions cytoplasm - Correct Answer jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cell organelles Translation and glycolysis takes place cisternae - Correct Answer flattened stacked membrane folds liposome - Correct Answer membrane bound transport vescicles chloroplast - Correct Answer creates glucose photosynthesis G0 - Correct Answer not growing or dividing G1 - Correct Answer cell growth, cellular contents (not chromosomes) duplicated S - Correct Answer each of the 46 chromosomes duplicated by cell NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions DNA synthesis (replication) G2 - Correct Answer "double checks" the duplicated chromosomes for error and makes repairs cell growth (interphase, 46 chromosomes) mitosis - Correct Answer a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth prophase - Correct Answer chromosomes doubled condensation of chromatin, nucleolus disappears metaphase - Correct Answer second most condensed and coiled phase, chromosomes align in the equator of the cell before being separated into daughter cells NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions deep - Correct Answer away from surface of the body proximal - Correct Answer nearer to the origination of a structure distal - Correct Answer farther from the origination of a structure coronal plane - Correct Answer frontal plane A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions. sagittal plane - Correct Answer lateral plane A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides axial plane - Correct Answer transverse plane A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions median plane - Correct Answer Sagittal plane through the midline of the body; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left halves atomic structure - Correct Answer steps of mitosis - Correct Answer DNA - Correct Answer double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose DNA - Correct Answer made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The order of these bases is what determines its instructions, or genetic code DNA replication - Correct Answer process of copying DNA molecules NAS2 Challenge Exam# Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions cell cycle - Correct Answer sequence of events from the production of a eukaryotic cell to the time the cell itself reproduces transcription - Correct Answer the process by which DNA is copied to RNA translation - Correct Answer RNA is used to produce proteins aerobic pathway - Correct Answer process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen occurs in the mitochondria of the cell and is used for activities requiring sustained energy production anaerobic glycolysis - Correct Answer breakdown of glucose that occurs in the absence of oxygen