NASCLA Accredited Exam - JJ Johnson Contractor Seminar -questions with answers, Exams of Construction

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NASCLA Accredited Exam - JJ Johnson

Contractor Seminar - questions with

answers

What nnare nn 4 nntypes nnof nnSteel nnDecking? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnComposite, nnRoof, nnCellular, nnand nnForm

What nnare nnthe nnlengths nnof nnFull nnsheets nnof nnSteel nnDecking? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn12", nn18", nn24", nn30", nnor

nn36". nnAll nnare nnusually nnless nnthan nn40"

Who nnhas nnfull nnresponsibility nnfor nnSafety nnon nna nnconstruction nnsite? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThe nnprime

nncontractor

Who nnis nnresponsible nnto nnensure nnworkers nnhave nnappropriate nneye nnprotection? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThe

nnemployer

Safety nnbelt nnlanyard nnshall nnbe nna nnminimum nnof? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1/2 nninch nnnylon, nnw/ nnmax nnlength

nnto nnprovide nnfor nna nnfall nnof nnno nngreater nnthan nn6ft. nnThe nnrope nnshall nnhave nna nnnominal nnbreaking

nnstrength nnof nn5,400 nnlbs.

When nnshould nnsafety nnnets nnbe nnprovided? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnWhen nnworkplaces nnare nnmore nnthan nn 25

nnfeet nnabove nnground nnor nnwater nnsurface nnor nnwhere nnuse nnof nnladders, nnscaffolds, nncatch nnplatforms,

nntemporary nnfloors, nnsafety nnlines, nnor nnsafety nnbelts nnare nnimpractical

What nnare nnthe nndifferent nntypes nnof nnSafety nnEquipment? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnHead, nnEye nnand nnFace, nnand

nnRespiratory nnprotection. nnSafety nnbelts, nnlifelines, nnlanyards, nnand nnsafety nnnets

Where nnshould nnquantities nnof nnflammable nnliquid nnin nnexcess nnof nn 25 nngallons nnbe nnstored nnin nnthat nnis

nnacceptable nnor nnapproved? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnAcceptable nnwooden nnstorage nnand nnApproved nnmetal

nnstorage nncabinets. nnCabinets nnshall nnbe nnlabeled nnin nnconspicuous nnlettering nn"Flammable-Keep nnAway

nnfrom nnOpen nnFlames"

LP-Gas nnstorage nnoutside nnof nnbuildings nnfor nncontainers nnwaiting nnuse nnshall nnbe nnlocated nnfrom nnthe

nnnearest nnbuilding nnor nngroup nnof nnbuildings nnin nnaccordance nnto? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nn 500 nnlbs nnor nnless

nn- nn0ft

2. nn***501 nnto nn6,000 nnlbs nn- nn10ft

3. nn6,001 nnto nn10,000 nnlbs nn- nn20ft

4. nnOver nn10,000 nnlbs nn- nn25ft

Clearance nnand nnmounting nnof nntemporary nnheating nndevices nnare? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnRoom nnheater,

nncirculating nntype nn- nn12" nnsides, nn12" nnrear, nn18" nnchimney nnconnector

2. nn***Room nnheater, nnradiant nntype nn- nn36" nnsides, nn36" nnrear, nn18" nnchimney nnconnector

How nnfar nnshall nnheaters nnused nnin nnthe nnvicinity nnof nnthe nncombustible nntarpaulins, nncanvas, nnor nnsimilar

nncoverings nnbe nnlocated nnfrom nnthe nncoverings? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn 10 nnfeet nnfrom nncoverings

Material nnstored nninside nnbuildings nnunder nnconstruction nnshall nnnot nnbe nnplaced nnwith nnwhat nndistances? nn-

nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn 6 nnfeet nnof nnany nnhoistway nnor nninside nnfloor nnopenings, nn***not nnwithin nn 10 nnfeet nnof

nnexterior nnwall nnwhich nndoes nnnot nnextend nnabove nnthe nntop nnof nnthe nnmaterial nnstored

Bagged nnmaterials nnshall nnbe nnstacked nnby nnstepping nnback nnthe nnlayers nnand nncross-keying nnthe nnbags nnat

nnleast nnby nnhow nnmany nnbags nnhigh? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn 10 nnbags nnhigh

Brick nnstacks nnshall nnnot nnbe nnmore nnthan? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn 7 nnfeet nnin nnheight

When nna nnloose nnbrick nnstack nnreaches nna nnheight nnof nn 4 nnfeet, nnit nnshall nnbe nntapered nnback nnby nnhow nnmany

nninches? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn 2 nninches nnin nnevery nnfoot nnof nnheight nnabove nnthe nn 4 - foot nnlevel

When nnmasonry nnblocks nnare nnstacked nnhigher nnthan nn 6 nnfeet, nnthe nnstack nnshall nnbe nntapered nnback nnhow

nnfar? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBack nnone-half nnblock nnper nnTier nnabove nnthe nn 6 - foot nnlevel

Used nnlumber nnshall nnhave nnwhat nnwithdrawn nnbefore nnstacking? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnNails

How nnshall nnlumber nnbe nnstacked? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnOn nnlevel nnand nnsolid nnsupported nnsills, nnand nnstable

nnand nnself nnsupporting

Lumber nnpiles nnshall nnnot nnExceed? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn 20 nnfeet nnin nnheight nnprovided nnthat nnlumber nnto

nnbe nnhandled nnmanually nnshall nnnot nnbe nnstacked nnmore nnthan nn 16 nnfeet nnhigh

Wire nnrope nnshall nnnot nnbe nnused nnif? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnIn nnany nnlength nnof nneight nndiameters, nnthe nntotal

nnnumber nnof nnvisible nnbroken nnwires nnexceeds nn 10 nnpercent nnof nnthe nntotal nnnumber nnof nnwires, nnor nnif

nnrope nnshows nnother nnsigns nnof nnexcessive nnwear, nncorrosion, nnor nndefect

Waste nnmaterials nn- nnwhen nnmaterials nnare nndropped nnmore nnthan nn 20 nnfeet nnto nnany nnpoint nnlying nnoutside

nnthe nnexterior nnwalls nnof nnthe nnbuilding nnwhat nnis nnneeded? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnAn nnenclosed nnchute nnof

nnwood, nnor nnequivalent nnmaterial, nnshall nnbe nnused. nnEnclosed nnchute nnis nna nnslide, nnclosed nnin nnon nnall

nnsides, nnthrough nnwhich nnmaterial nnis nnmoved nnfrom nna nnhigh nnplace nnto nna nnlower nnone

All nnother nnhand-held nnpowered nntools nnsuch nnas nncircular nnsaws, nnchain nnsaws, nnand nnpercussion nntools

nnwithout nnpositive nnaccessory nnholding nnmeans, nnshall nnbe nnequipped nnwith nnwhat? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnA

nnconstant nnpressure nnswitch nnthat nnwill nnshut nnoff nnthe nnpower nnwhen nnthe nnpressure nnis nnreleased

Compressed nnair nnshall nnnot nnbe nnused nnfor nncleaning nnpurposes nnexcept nnwhen? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡

nnWhere nnreduced nnto nnless nnthan nn 30 nnp.s.i nnand nnthen nnonly nnwith nneffective nnchip nnguarding nnand

nnpersonal nnprotective nnequipment nnwhich nnmeets nnthe nnrequirements. nnThe nn 30 nnpsi nnrequirement nndoes

nnnot nnapply nnfor nnconcrete nnform, nnmill nnscale nnand nnsimilar nncleaning nnpurposes

Who nnshall nnbe nnallowed nnto nnoperated nna nnpowder-actuated nntool? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnOnly nnemployees

nnwho nnhave nnbeen nntrained nnin nnthe nnoperation nnof nnthe nnparticular nntool nnin nnused

All nnemployees nnusing nnabrasive nnwheels nnshall nnbe nnprotected nnby? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnEye nnprotection

nnequipment

Guarding, nnall nnportable, nnpower-driven nncircular nnsaws nnshall nnbe nnequipped nnwith nnwhat? nn- nnANSWER: nn

nn➡ nnGuards nnabove nnand nnbelow nnthe nnbase nnplate nnor nnshoe. nnThe nnupper nnguard nnshall nncover nnthe nnsaw

nnto nnthe nndepth nnof nnthe nnteeth, nnexcept nnfor nnthe nnminimum nnarc nnrequired nnto nnpermit nnthe nnbase nnto nnbe

nntilted nnfor nnbevel nncuts. nnThe nnlower nnguard nnshall nncover nnthe nnsaw nnto nnthe nndepth nnof nnthe nnteeth,

nnexcept nnfor nnthe nnminimum nnarc nnrequired nnto nnallow nnproper nnretraction nnand nncontract nnwith nnthe nnwork.

nnWhen nnthe nntool nnis nnwithdrawn nnfrom nnthe nnwork, nnthe nnlower nnguard nnshall nnautomatically nnand

nninstantly nnreturn nnto nnthe nncovering nnposition.

Valve nnprotection nncaps nnshall nnnot nnbe nnused nnfor nnlifting nncylinders nnfrom nnone nnvertical nnposition nnto

nnanother. nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBars nnshall nnnot nnbe nnused nnunder nnvalves nnor nnvalve nnprotection nncaps nnto

nnpry nncylinders nnloose nnwhen nnfrozen. nnWarm, nnnot nnboiling, nnwater nnshall nnbe nnused nnto nnthaw nncylinder

nnloose

How nnshould nncompressed nnair nnbe nnsecured? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnIn nnan nnupright nnposition nnat nnall nntimes

nnexcept, nnif nnnecessary, nnfor nnshort nnperiods nnof nntime nnwhile nncylinders nnare nnactually nnbeing nnhoisted nnor

nncarried

What nndistance nnshall nnOxygen nncylinders nnin nnstorage nnbe nnseparated nnfrom nnfuel-gas nncylinders nnor

nncombustible nnmaterials nn(especially nnoil nnor nngrease)? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnA nnminimum nndistance nnof nn 20

nnft nn(6.1m) nnor nnby nnnon-combustible nnbarrier nnat nnleast nn 5 nnft nn(1.5m) nnhigh nnhaving nnfire-resistance nnrating

nnof nna nnleast nnone-half nnhour.

Inside nnof nnbuildings, nnhow nnshall nnGas nncylinders nnbe nnstored? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnIn nna nnwell nnprotected,

nnwell-ventilated, nndry nnlocation, nnat nnleast nn 2 nnft nn(6.1m) nnfrom nnhighly nncombustible nnmaterials nnsuch nnas

nnoil nnor nnexcelsior. nnCylinders nnshould nnbe nnstored nnin nndefinitely nnassigned nnplaces nnaway nnfrom nnelevators,

nnstairs, nnor nngangways. nnAssigned nnstorage nnplaces nnshall nnbe nnlocated nnwhere nncylinders nnwill nnnot nnbe

nnknocked nnover nnor nndamaged nnby nnpassing nnor nnfalling nnobjects, nnor nnsubject nnto nntampering nnby

nnunauthorized nnpersons. nnCylinders nnshall nnnot nnbe nnkept nnin nnunventilated nnenclosures nnsuch nnas nnlockers

nnand nncupboards.

How nnshall nna nnregulator nnto nna nncylinder nnvalve nnbe nnconnected? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThe nnvalve nnshall nnbe

nnopened nnslightly nnand nnclosed nnimmediately. nn(The nnaction nnis nngenerally nntermed nn"cracking" nnand nnis

nnintended nnto nnclear nnthe nnvalve nnof nndust nnor nndirt nnthat nnmight nnotherwise nnenter nnthe nnregulator.) nnThe

nnperson nncracking nnthe nnvalve nnshall nnstand nnto nnone nnside nnof nnthe nnoutlet, nnnot nnin nnfront nnof nnit. nnThe

nnvalve nnof nnfuel nngas nncylinder nnshall nnnot nnbe nncracked nnwhere nnthe nngas nnwould nnreach nnwelding nnwork,

nnsparks, nnflame, nnor nnother nnpossible nnsources nnof nnignition.

All nnhose nnin nnuse, nncarrying nnacetylene, nnoxygen, nnnatural nnor nnmanufactured nnfuel nngas, nnor nnany nngas nnor

nnsubstance nnwhich nnmay nnignite nnor nnenter nninto nncombustion, nnor nnbe nnin nnany nnway nnharmful nnto

nnemployees nnshall? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBe nninspected nnat nnthe nnbeginning nnof nneach nnworking nnshift.

nnDefective nnhose nnshall nnbe nnremoved nnfrom nnservice.

When nnthe nnarc nnwelder nnor nncutter nnhas nnoccasion nnto nnleave nnhis nnwork nnor nnto nnstop nnwork nnfor nnany

nnappreciable nnlength nnof nntime, nnor nnwhen nnthe nnarc nnwelding nnor nncutting nnmachine nnis nnto nnbe nnmoved,

nnwhat nnshould nnhappen? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThe nnpower nnsupply nnswitch nnto nnthe nnequipment nnshall nnbe

nnopened.

Lifelines. nnWhere nna nnwelder nnmust nnenter nna nnconfined nnspace nnthrough nna nnmanhole nnor nnother nnsmall

nnopening, nnwhat nnshould nnoccur? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnMeans nnshall nnbe nnprovided nnfor nnquickly nnremoving

nnhim nnin nncase nnof nnemergency. nnWhen nnsafety nnbelts nnand nnlifelines nnare nnused nnfor nnthis nnpurpose nnthey

nnshall nnbe nnso nnattached nnto nnthe nnwelder's nnbody nnthat nnhis nnbody nncannot nnbe nnjammed nnin nna nnsmall nnexit

nnopening. nnAn nnattendant nnwith nna nnpre-planned nnrescue nnprocedure nnshall nnbe nnstationed nnoutside nnto

nnobserve nnthe nnwelder nnat nnall nntimes nnand nnbe nncapable nnof nnputting nnrescue nnoperations nninto nneffect.

Working nnClearances nn(voltage) nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnNominal nnvoltage nnto nnground, nn 0 - 150 nn=

nnMinimum nnclear nndistance nnfor nnconditions nnare nn 3 nnft, nn3ft, nn3ft

2. nnNominal nnvoltage nnto nnground, nn 151 - 600 nn= nnMinimum nnclear nndistance nnfor nnconditions nnare nn3ft,

nn3.5ft, nn4ft

Minimum nnDepth nnof nnClear nnWorking nnSpace nnin nnFront nnof nnElectrical nnEquipment nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1.

nnNominal nnvoltage nnto nnground, nn 601 nnto nn2,500 nn= nnConditions nn3ft, nn4ft, nn5ft

2. nnNominal nnvoltage nnto nnground, nn2,501 nnto nn9,000 nn= nnConditions nn4ft, nn5ft, nn6ft

3. nnNominal nnvoltage nnto nnground, nn9,001 nnto nn25,000 nn= nnConditions nn5ft, nn6ft, nn9ft

4. nnNominal nnvoltage nnto nnground, nn25,001 nnto nn75kV nn= nnConditions nn6ft, nn8ft, nn10ft

5. nnNominal nnvoltage nnto nnground, nnAbove nn75kV nn= nnConditions nn8ft, nn10ft, nn12ft

Each nnscaffold nnand nnscaffold nncomponent nnshall nnbe nncapable nnof nnsupport, nnwithout nnfailure, nnwhat? nn-

nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnIts nnown nnweight nnand nnat nnleast nn 4 nntimes nnthe nnmaximum nnintended nnload nnapplied nnor

nntransmitted nntoo nnit

Each nnscaffold nnunit nnshall nnbe nninstalled nnso nnthat nnthe nnspace nnbetween nnadjacent nnunits nnand nnthe nnspace

nnbetween nnthe nnplatform nnand nnthe nnuprights nnis? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnNo nnmore nnthan nn 1 nninc nn(2.5cm)

nnwide, nnexcept nnwhere nnthe nnemployer nncan nndemonstrate nnthat nna nnwider nnspace nnis nnnecessary nn(for

nnexample, nnto nnfit nnaround nnuprights nnwhen nnside nnbrackets nnare nnused nnto nnextend nnthe nnwidth nnof nnthe

nnplatform)

Each nnscaffold nnplatform nnand nnwalkway nnshall nnbe? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnAt nnleast nn 18 nninches nn(46cm) nnside

The nnfront nnedge nnof nnthe nnplatforms nnshall nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnNot nnbe nnmore nnthan nn 14 nninches nn(36cm)

nnfrom nnthe nnface nnof nnthe nnwork, nnunless nnguardrail nnsystems nnare nnerected nnalong nnthe nnfront nnedge

nnand/or nnpersonal nnfall nnarrest nnsystems nnare nnused nnin nnaccordance nnwith nnparagraph nnG

The nnmaximum nndistance nnfrom nnthe nnface nnfor nnoutrigger nnscaffolds nnshall nnbe? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn 3

nninches nn(8cm)

The nnmaximum nndistance nnfrom nnthe nnface nnfor nnplastering nnand nnlathing nnoperations nnshall nnbe? nn-

nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn 18 nninches nn(46cm)

Each nnend nnof nna nnplatform, nnunless nncleated nnor nnotherwise nnrestrained nnby nnhooks nnor nnequivalent

nnmeans, nnshall? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnExtend nnover nnthe nncenterline nnof nnits nnsupport nnat nnleast nn 6 nninches

nn(15 nncm)

Each nnend nnof nna nnplatform nn 10 nnfeet nnor nnless nnin nnlength nnshall? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnNot nnextend nnover nnits

nnsupport nnmore nnthan nn 12 nninches nn(30 nncm) nnunless nnthe nnplatform nnis nndesigned nnand nninstalled nnso nnthat

nnthe nncantilevered nnportion nnof nnthe nnplatform nnis nnable nnto nnsupport nnemployees nnand/or nnmaterials

nnwithout nntipping, nnor nnhas nnguardrails nnwhich nnblock nnemployee nnaccess nnto nnthe nncantilevered nnend

On nnscaffolds nnwhere nnplatforms nnare nnoverlapped nnto nncreate nna nnlong nnplatform, nnthe nnoverlap nnshall? nn-

nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnOcurr nnonly nnover nnsupports, nnand nnshall nnnot nnbe nnless nnthan nn 12 nninches nn(30 nncm)

nnunless nnthe nnplatforms nnare nnnailed nntogether nnor nnotherwise nnrestrained nnto nnprevent nnmovement

Scaffold nncomponents nnmanufactured nnby nndifferent nnmanufacturers nnshall nnnot nnbe? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡

nnIntermixed nnunless nncomponents nnfit nntogether nnwithout nnforce nnand nnstructural nnintegrity nnis

nnmaintained nnby nnthe nnuser. nnComponents nnshall nnnot nnbe nnmodified nnin nnorder nnto nnintermix nnthem nnunless

nna nncompetent nnperson nndetermines nnthe nnresulting nnscaffold nnis nnstructurally nnsound.

Supported nnscaffold nnpoles, nnlegs, nnposts, nnframes, nnand nnupgrights nnshall? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBear nnon

nnbase nnplates nnand nnmud nnsills nnor nnother nnadequate nnfirm nnfoundation. nnFootings nnshall nnbe nnlevel.

nnUnstable nnobjects nnshall nnnot nnbe nnused. nnFront-end nnloaders nnand nnsimilar nnequipment nnshall nnnot nnbe

nnused nnfor nnsupport nnunless nnthey nnare nnspecifically nndesigned nnby nnthe nnmanufacturer. nnFork-lifts nnshall

nnnot nnbe nnsued.

Fall nnprotection: nnEach nnemployee nnon nna nnscaffold nnmore nnthan nn 10 nnfeet nn(3.1m) nnabove nna nnlower nnlevel

nnshall nnbe nnprotected nnfrom nnfalling nnto nnthat nnlower nnlevel. nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnEach nnemployee nnon nna

nnboatswains' nnchair, nncatenary nnscaffold, nnfloat nnscaffold, nnneedle nnbeam nnscaffold, nnor nnladder nnjack

nnscaffold nnshall nnbe nnprotected nnby nna nnpersonal nnfall nnarrest nnsystem. nnEach nnemployee nnon nna nnsingle-point

nnor nntwo-point nnadjustable nnsuspension nnscaffold nnshall nnbe nnprojected nnby nnboth nnpersonal nnfall nnarrest

nnsystem nnand nnguardrail nnsystem. nnEach nnemploy nnon nna nncrawling nnboard nn(chicken nnladder) nnshall nnbe

nnprotected, nna nnguardrail nnsystem nn(200lb nnminimum) nnor nnby nn3/4" nndiameter nngrabline nnor nnequivalent

nnhandhold nnsecurely nnfastened nnbeside nneach nncrawling nnboard. nnEach nnemployee nnon nna nnself-contained

nnadjustable nnscaffold nnshall nnbe nnprotected nnby nna nnguardrail nnsystem nn(200lb nnmin). nnEach nnemploy nnon nna

nnwalkway nnlocated nnwithin nna nnscaffold nnshall nnbe nnprotected nnby nna nnguardrail nnsystem nn(200lb nnmin)

nninstalled nnwithin nn9.5 nnin nnof nnand nnalong nnat nnleast nnone nnside nnof nnthe nnwalkway. nnEach nnemployee

nnperforming nnoverhand nnbricklaying nnoperations nnfrom nna nnsupported nnscaffold nnshall nnbe nnprotected

nnfrom nnfalling nnfrom nnall nnopen nnsides nnand nnends nnof nnthe nnscaffold nn(except nnat nnthe nnside nnnext nnto nnthe

nnwall nnbeing nnlaid) nnby nnthe nnuse nnof nna nnpersonal nnfall nnarrest nnsystem nnor nnguardrail nnsystem nn(200 nnlbs

nnmin).

The nntop nnedge nnheight nnof nntoprails nnor nnequivalent nnmember nnon nnsupport nnscaffolds nnmanufactured nnor

nnplaced nnin nnservice nnafter nnJanuary nn1, nn 2000 nnshall nnbe? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnInstalled nnbetween nn 38

nninches nn(.97m) nnand nn 45 nninches nn(1.2m) nnabove nnthe nnplatform nnsurface. nnThe nntop nnedge nnheight nnon

nnsupported nnscaffolds nnmanufactured nnand nnplaced nnin nnservice nnbefore nnJan nn1, nn 2000 nnand nnon nnall

nnsuspended nnscaffolds nnwhere nnboth nnguardrail nnand nna nnpersonal nnfall nnarrest nnsystem nnare nnrequired

nnshall nnbe nnbetween nn 36 nninches nnand nn 45 nninches. nnWhen nnconditions nnwarrant, nnthe nnheight nnof nnthe nntop

nnedge nnmay nnexceed nnthe nn 45 nninch nnheight, nnprovided nnthe nnguardrail nnsystem nnmeets nnall nnother nncriteria.

Scaffold nncasters nnand nnwheels nnshall nnbe? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnLocked nnwith nnpositive nnwheel nnand/or

nnwheel nnand nnswivel nnlocks, nnor nnequivalent nnmeans, nnto nnprevent nnmovement nnof nnthe nnscaffold nnwhile

nnthe nnscaffold nnis nnused nnon nnstationary nnmanner.

Each nnemployee nnwho nnis nnconstructing nna nnleading nnedge nn 6 nnfeet nnor nnmore nnabove nnlower nnlevels nnshall

nnbe nnprotected nnfrom nnfalling nnby nna nnguardrail nnsystems, nnsafety nnnet nnsystems, nnor nnpersonal nnfall nnarrest

nnsystems. nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnException: nnWhen nnthe nnemployer nncan nndemonstrate nnthat nnit nnis nninfeasible

nnor nncreates nna nngrater nnhazard nnto nnuse nnthese nnsystems, nnthe nnemployer nnshall nndevelop nnand nnimplement

nna nnfall nnprotection nnplan nnwhich nnmeets nnthe nnrequirements.

Each nnemployee nnreaching nnmore nnthan nn 10 nninches nnbelow nnthe nnlevel nnof nnwalking/working nnsurface nnon

nnwhich nnthey nnare nnworking, nnshall nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBe nnprotected nnfrom nnfalling nnby nna nnguardrail

nnsystem, nnsafety nnnet nnsystem, nnor nnpersonal nnfall nnarrest nnsystem.

Wall nnopenings nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnEach nnemployee nnworking nnon nn, nnat, nnabove, nnor nnnear nnwall nnopenings

nn(including nnthose nnwith nnchutes nnattached) nnwhere nnthe nnoutside nnbottom nnedge nnof nnthe nnwall nnopening

nnis nn 6 nnfeet nnor nnmore nnabove nnlower nnlevels nnand nnthe nninside nnbottom nnedge nnof nnthe nnwall nnopening nnis

nnless nnthan nn 39 nninches nnabove nnthe nnwalking/working nnsurface, nnshall nnbe nnprotected nnfrom nnfalling nnby

nnused nnof nna nnguardrail nnsystem, nna nnsafety nnnet nnsystem, nnor nna nnpersonal nnfall nnarrest nnsystem

To nnedge nnheight nnof nntop nnrails, nnor nnequivalent nnguardrail nnsystem nnmembers, nnshall nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡

nnBe nn 42 nninches nnplus nnor nnminus nn 3 nninches nnabove nnthe nnwalking/working nnlevel. nnWhen nnconditions

nnwarrant, nnthe nnheight nnof nnthe nntop nnedge nnmay nnexceed nnthe nn 45 nninch nnheight, nnprovided nnthe nnguardrail

nnsystem nnmeets nnall nnother nncriteria nnof nnthis nnparagraph.

Intermediate nnmembers nn(such nnas nnbalusters), nnwhen nnused nnbetween nnposts, nnshall nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡

nnBe nnnot nnmore nnthan nn 19 nninches nnapart

Top nnrails nnand nnmidrails nnshall nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBe nnat nnleast nnone-quarter nninch nnnominal nndiameter nnor

nnthickness nnto nnprevent nncuts nnand nnlacerations. nnIf nnwire nnrope nnis nnused nnfor nntop nnrails, nnit nnshall nnbe

nnflagged nnat nnnot nnmore nnthan nn 6 nnfoot nnintervals nnwith nnhigh-visibility nnmaterial

Safety nnnets nnand nnsafety nnnet nninstallations nnshall nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBe nndrop-tested nnat nnthe nnjobsite

nnafter nninitial nninstallation nnand nnbefore nnbeing nnused nnas nna nnfall nnprotection nnsystem, nnwhenever

nnrelocated, nnafter nnmajor nnrepair, nnand nnat nn 6 nnmonth nnintervals nnif nnleft nnin nnone nnplace. nnThe nndrop-test

nnshall nnconsist nnof nna nn 400 nnpound nnbag nnof nnsand nn 30 nn+/- nn 2 nninches nnin nndiameter nndropped nninto nnthe

nnnet nnfrom nnthe nnhighest nnwalking/working nnsurface nnat nnwhich nnemployees nnare nnexposed nnto nnfall

nnhazards, nnbut nnnot nnfrom nnless nnthan nn 42 nninches nnabove nnthat nnlevel

Horizontal nnlifelines nnshall nnbe nndesigned, nninstalled, nnand nnused, nnunder nnthe nnsupervision nnof nna nnqualified

nnperson nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnas nnpart nnof nna nncomplete nnpersonal nnfall nnarrest nnsystem, nnwhich nnmaintains nna

nnsafety nnfactor nnof nna nnleast nntwo

The nnattachment nnpoint nnof nnthe nnbody nnbelt nnshall nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBe nnlocated nnin nnthe nncenter nnof nnthe

nnwearer's nnback. nnThe nnattachment nnpoint nnof nnthe nnbody nnharness nnshall nnbe nnlocated nnin nnthe nncenter nnof

nnthe nnwearer's nnback nnnear nnshoulder nnlevel, nnor nnabove nnthe nnwearer's nnhead.

When nnmechanical nnequipment nnis nnnot nnbeing nnused, nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThe nnwarning nnline nnshall nnbe

nnerected nnnot nnless nnthan nn 6 nnfeet nnfrom nnthe nnroof nnedge

After nnbeing nnerected, nnwith nneh nnrope, nnwire, nnor nnchain nnattached, nnstanchions nnshall nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡

nnBe nncapable nnof nnresisting, nnwithout nntipping nnover, nna nnforce nnof nnat nnleast nn 16 nnpounds nnapplied

nnhorizontally nnagainst nnthe nnstanchion, nn 30 nninches nnabove nnthe nnwalking/working nnsurface,

nnperpendicular nnto nnthe nnwarning nnline, nnand nnin nnthe nndirection nnof nnthe nnfloor, nnroof, nnor nnplatform nnedge

Covers nnfor nnholes nnin nnfloors, nnroofs, nnand nnother nnwalking/working nnsurfaces nnshall nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡

nnMeet nnthe nnfollowing nnrequirements:

1. nnCovers nnlocated nnin nnroadways nnand nnvehicular nnaisles nnshall nnbe nncapable nnof nnsupporting, nnwithout

nnfailure, nnat nnleast nntwice nnthe nnmaximum nnaxle nnload nnof nnthe nnlargest nnvehicle nnexpected nnto nncross nnover

nnthe nncover

2. nnAll nnother nncovers nnshall nnbe nncapable nnof nnsupporting, nnwithout nnfailure, nnat nnleast nntwice nnthe nnweight

nnof nnemployees, nnequipment, nnand nnmaterials nnthat nnmay nnbe nnimposed nnon nnthe nncover nnat nnany nnone

nntime.

3. nnAll nncovers nnshall nnbe nnsecured nnwhen nninstalled nnso nnas nnto nnprevent nnaccidental nndisplacement nnby nnthe

nnwind, nnequipment, nnor nnemployees.

4. nnAll nncovers nnshall nnbe nncolor nncoded nnor nnthey nnshall nnbe nnmarked nnwith nnthe nnword nn"HOLE" nnor

nn"COVER" nnto nnprovide nnwarning nnof nnthe nnhazard.

During nnthe nnperformance nnof nnroofing nnwork nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnMaterials nnand nnequipment nnshall

nnnot nnbe nnstored nnwithin nn 6 nnfeet nnof nna nnroof nnedge nnunless nnguardrails nnare nnerected nnat nnthe nnedge

2. nnMaterials nnwhich nnare nnpiled, nngrouped, nnor nnstacked nnnear nna nnroof nnedge nnshall nnbe nnstable nnand nnself-

supporting.

Certification nnof nntraining: nnThe nnemployer nnshall nnverify nncompliance nnby nnpreparing nna nnwritten

nncertification nnrecord. nnThe nnwritten nncertification nnrecord nnshall nncontain nnthe nnname nnor nnother nnidentity

nnof nnthe nnemployee nntrained, nnthe nndate nnof nnthe nntraining, nnand nnthe nnsignature nnof nnthe nnemployer nn-

nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnIf nnthe nnemployer nnrelies nnon nntraining nnconducted nnby nnanother nnemployer nnor

nncompleted nnprior nnto nnthe nneffective nndate nnof nnthe nnsection, nnthe nncertification nnrecord nnshall nnindicate

nnthe nndate nnthe nnemployer nndetermined nnthe nnprior nntraining nnwas nnadequate nnrather nnthan nnthe nndate nnof

nnactual nntraining

Shield nnsystem nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnMeans nna nnstructure nnthat nnis nnable nnto nnwithstand nnthe nnforces

nnimposed nnon nnit nnby nna nncave-in nnand nnthereby nnprotect nnemployees nnwithin nnthe nnstructure. nnShields nncan

nnbe nnpermanent nnstructures nnor nncan nnbe nndesigned nnto nnbe nnportable nnand nnmoved nnalong nnas nnwork

nnprogresses. nnAdditionally, nnshields nncan nnbe nneither nnpremanufactured nnor nnjob-built nnin nnaccordance

nnwith nn1926.652. nnShields nnused nnin nntrenches nnare nnusually nnreferred nnto nnas nn"trench nnboxes" nnor nn"trench

nnshields".

Means nnof nnegress nnfrom nntrench nnexcavations. nnA nnstairway, nnladder, nnramp nnor nnother nnsae nnmeans nnof

nnegress nnshall? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBe nnlocated nnin nntrench nnexcavations nnthat nnare nn 4 nnfeet nnor nnmore nnin

nndepth nnso nnas nnto nnrequire nnno nnmore nnthan nn 25 nnfeet nnof nnlateral nntravel nnfor nnemployees.

Where nnoxygen nndeficiency nn(atmospheres nncontaining nnless nnthan nn19.5 nnpercent nnoxygen) nnor nna

nnhazardous nnatmosphere nnexists nnor nncould nnreasonably nnbe nnexpected nnto nnexist, nnsuch nnas nnexcavations

nnin nnlandfill nnareas nnor nnexcavations nnin nnareas nnwhere nnhazardous nnsubstances nnare nnstored nnnearby, nnthe

nnatmospheres nnin nnthe nnexcavation nnshall? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBe nntested nnbefore nnemployees nnenter

nnexcavations nngreater nnthan nn 4 nnfeet nnin nndepth.

Employees nnshall nnbe nnprotected nnfrom nnexcavated nnor nnother nnmaterials nnor nnequipment nnthat nncould

nnpose nna nnhazard nnby nnfalling nnor nnrolling nninto nnexcavations. nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnProtections nnshall nnbe

nnprovided nnby nnplacing nnand nnkeeping nnsuch nnmaterials nnor nnequipment nnat nnleast nn 2 nnfeet nnfrom nnthe nnedge

nnof nnexcavations, nnor nnby nnthe nnuse nnof nnretaining nndevices nnthat nnare nnsufficient nnto nnprevent nnmaterials nnor

nnequipment nnfrom nnfalling nnor nnrolling nninto nnexcavations, nnor nnby nna nncombination nnof nnboth nnif nnnecessary.

Each nnemployee nnin nnan nnexcavation nnshall nnbe nnprotected nnfrom nncave-ins nnby nnan nnadequate nnprotective

nnsystem nndesigned nnin nnaccordance nnwith nnthis nnsection nnexcept nnwhen? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnExcavations

nnare nnless nnthan nn 5 nnfeet nnin nndepth nnand nnexamination nnof nnthe nnground nnby nncompetent nnperson nnprovides

nnno nnindication nnof nna nnpotential nncave-in

Additional nnrequirement nnfor nnshield nnsystems nnused nnin nntrench nnexcavations. nnExcavations nnof nnearth

nnmaterial nnto nna nnlevel nnnot nngrater nnthan nn 2 nnfeet nnbelow nnthe nnbottom nnof nna nnshield nnshall? nn- nnANSWER: nn

nn➡ nnBe nnpermitted, nnbut nnonly nnif nnthe nnshield nnis nndesigned nnto nnresist nnthe nnforces nncalculated nnfor nnthe

nnfull nndepth nnof nnthe nntrench, nnand nnthere nnare nnno nnindications nnwhile nnthe nntrench nnis nnopen nnof nna

nnpossible nnloss nnof nnsoil nnfrom nnbehind nnor nnbelow nnthe nnbottom nnof nnthe nnshield.

Manual nntests. nnManual nnanalysis nnof nnsoil nnsamples nnis nnconducted nnto nndetermine nnquantitative nnas nnwell

nnas nnqualitative nnproperties nnof nnsoil nnand nnto nnprovide nnmore nninformation nnin nnorder nnto nnclassify nnsoil

nnproperty nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnPlasticity. nnMold nna nnmoist nnor nnwet nnsample nnof nnsoil nninto nna nnball nnand

nnattempt nnto nnroll nnit nninto nnthreads nnas nnthin nnas nn1/8 nninch nnin nndiameter. nnCohesive nnmaterial nncan nnbe

nnsuccessfully nnrolled nninto nnthreads nnwithout nncrumbling. nnFor nnexample, nnif nna nnleast nna nntwo nninch nnlength

nnof nn1/8 nninch nnthread nncan nnbe nnheld nnon nnone nnend nnwith-out nntearing, nnthe nnsoil nnis nncohesive.

2. nnThumb nnpenetration nntest nncan nnbe nnused nnto nnestimate nnthe nnunconfined nncompressive nnstrength nnof

nncohesive nnsoils. nnType nnA nnsoils nnwith nnan nnunconfined nncompressive nnstrength nnof nn1.5 nntsf nncan nnb

nnreadily nnindented nnby nnthe nnthumb, nnhowever, nnthey nncan nnbe nnpenetrated nnby nnthe nnthumb nnonly nnwith

nnvery nngreat nneffort. nnType nnC nnsoils nnwith nnan nnunconfined nncompressive nnstrength nnof nn.5 nntsf nnan nnbe

nneasily nnpenetrated nnseveral nninches nnby nnthe nnthumb, nnand nncan nnbe nnmolded nnby nnlight nnfinger nnpressure.

nnThe nntest nnshould nnbe nnconducted nnon nnan nnundisturbed nnsoil nnsample, nnsuch nnas nna nnlarge nnclump nnof

nnspoil, nnas nnsoon nnas nnpracticable nnafter nnexcavation nnto nnkeep nnto nna nnminimum nnthe nneffects nnof nnexposure

nnto nndrying nninfluences. nnIf nnthe nnexcavation nnis nnlater nnexposed nnto nnwetting nninfluences nn(rain, nnflooding),

nnthe nnclassification nnof nnthe nnsoil nnmust nnbe nnchanged nnaccordingly.

3. nnDry nnStrength. nnIf nnsoil nnis nndry nnand nncrumbles nnon nnits nnown nnor nnwith nnmoderate nnpressure nninto

nnindividual nngrains nnor nnfine nnpowder, nnit nnis nngranular nn(gravel, nnsand, nnor nnsilt). nnIf nnthe nnsoil nnis nndry nnand

nnfalls nninto nnclumps nnwhich nnbreak nnu nninto nnsmaller nnclumps, nnbut nnthe nnsmaller nnclumps nncan nnonly nnbe

nnbroken nnu nnwith nndifficulty, nnit nnmay nnbe nnclay nnin nnany nncombination nnwith nngravel nnsand nnor nnsilt. nnIf nnthe

nndry nnsoils nnbreaks nninto nnclumps nnwhich nndo nnnot nnbreak nnup nninto nnsmall nnclumps nnand nnwhich nncan nnonly

nnbe nnbroken nnwith nndifficulty nnand nnthere nnis nnno nnvisual nnindication nnthe nnsoil nnis nnfissured nnthe nnsoil nnmay

nnbe nnconsidered nnunfissured.

Type nnA nnmeans nncohesive nnsoils nnwith nnan nnunconfined nncompressive nnstrength nnof nn1.5 nnton nnper nnsquare

nnfoot nn(tsf) nnor nngreater. nnExamples nnof nncohesive nnsoils nnare: nnclay, nnsilty nnclay, nnsandy nnclay, nnclay nnloam

nnand, nnin nnsome nncases nnsilty nnclay nnloam nnand nnsandy nnclay nnloam. nnCemented nnsoils nnsuch nnas nncaliche

nnand nnhardpan nnare nnalso nnconsidered nnType nnA. nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnHowever, nnno nnsoil nnis nnType nnA nnif:

1. nnThe nnsoil nnis nnfissured nnor

2. nnThe nnsoil nnis nnsubject nnto nnvibration nnfrom nnheavy nntraffic, nnpile nndriving, nnor nnsimilar nneffects nnor

3. nnThe nnsoil nnhas nnbeen nnpreviously nndisturbed nnor

4. nnThe nnsoil nnis nnpart nnof nna nnsloped, nnlayered nnsystem nnwhere nnthe nnlayers nndip nninto nnthe nnexcavation nnon

nna nnslope nnof nnfour nnhorziontal nnto nnone nnvertical nn(4H:1V) nnor nngreater, nnor

5. nnThe nnmaterial nnis nnsubject nnto nnother nnfactors nnthat nnwould nnrequire nnit nnto nnbe nnclassified nnas nna nnless

nnstable nnmaterial.

Excavations nnmade nnwith nnType nnA nnsoil, nnFigure nnB- 1 nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnAll nnsimple nnslope

nnexcavations nn 20 nnfeet nnor nnless nnin nndepth nnshall nnhave nna nnmaximum nnallowable nnslope nnof nn3/4:1.

nnException, nnsimple nnslope nnexcavations nnwhich nnare nnopen nn 24 nnhours nnor nnless nn(short nnterm) nnand nnwhich

nnare nn 12 nnfeet nnor nnless nnin nndepth nnshall nnhave nna nnmaximum nnallowable nnslope nnof nn1/2:

2. nnAll nnsimple nnbenched nnexcavations nn 20 nnfeet nnor nnless nnin nndepth nnshall nnhave nna nnmaximum nnallowable

nnslope nnof nn3/4:1 nnand nnmaximum nnbench nndimensions nnas nnfollows. nn

------------ nn----------

20'

--4'max-- nn-------

3. nnAll nnexcavations nn 8 nnfeet nnor nnless nnin nndepth nnwhich nnhave nnunsupported nnvertically nnsidded nnlower

nnportions nnshall nnhave nna nnmaximum nnvertical nnside nnof nn 3 - 1/2 nnfeet. nnThe nnslope nnis nnstill nn3/4:

Cast-in-place nnconcrete. nnGeneral nnrequirements nnfor nnformwork nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnFORMWORK

nnshall nnbe nndesigned, nnfabricated, nnerected, nnsupported, nnbraced nnand nnmaintained nnso nnthat nnit nnwill nnbe

nncapable nnof nnsupporting nnwithout nnfailure nnall nnvertical nnand nnlateral nnloads nnthat nnmay nnreasonably nnbe

nnanticipated nnto nnbe nnapplied nnto nnthe nnformwork. nnForwork nnwhich nnis nndesigned, nnfabricated, nnerected,

nnsupported, nnbraced nnand nnmaintained nnin nnconformance nnwith nnthe nnAppendix nnto nnthis nnsection nnwill nnbe

nndeemed nnto nnmeet nnthe nnrequirements nnof nnthis nnparagraph.

2. nnDrawings nnor nnplans, nnincluding nnall nnrevisions, nnfor nnthe nnjack nnlayout nnformwork nn(including nnshoring

nnequipment), nnworking nndecks, nnand nnscaffolds, nnshall nnbe nnavailable nnat nnthe nnjobsite.

All nnmasonry nnwalls nnover nn 8 nnfeet nnin nnheight nnshall nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBe nnadequately nnbraced nnto

nnprevent nnoverturning nnand nnto nnprevent nncollapse nnunless nnthe nnwall nnis nnadequately nnsupported nnso nnthat

nnit nnwill nnnot nnoverturn nnor nncollapse. nnThe nnbracing nnshall nnremain nnin nnplace nnuntil nnpermanent

nnsupporting nnelements nnof nnthe nnstructure nnare nnin nnplace.

Working nnunder nnloads. nnRoutes nnfor nnsuspended nnloads nnshall nnbe nnpre-planned nnto nnensure nnthat nnno

nnemployee nnis nnrequired nnto nnwork nndirectly nnbelow nna nnsuspended nnload nnexcept nnfor: nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡

nn1. nnEmployees nnengaged nnin nnthe nninitial nnconnection nnof nnthe nnsteel, nnor

2. nnEMPLOYEES nnnecessary nnfor nnthe nnhooking nnor nnunhooking nnof nnthe nnload

The nnfollowing nnadditional nnrequirements nnshall nnapply nnfor nnmultiple nnstory nnstructures nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡

nn1. nnTHE nnpermanent nnfloors nnshall nnbe nninstalled nnas nnthe nnerection nnof nnstructural nnmembers nnprogresses,

nnand nnthere nnshall nnbe nnnot nnmore nnthan nneight nnstores nnbetween nnthe nnerection nnfloor nnand nnthe nnupper-

most nnpermanent nnfloor, nnexcept nnwhere nnthe nnstructural nnintegrity nnis nnmaintained nnas nna nnresult nnof nnthe

nndesign

2. nnAT nnNO nntime nnshall nnthere nnbe nnmore nnthan nnfour nnfloors nnor nn 48 nnfeet, nnwhichever nnis nnless, nnof

nnunfinished nnbolting nnor nnwelding nnabove nnthe nnfoundation nnor nnuppermost nnpermanently nnsecured nnfloor,

nnexcept nnwhere nnthe nnstructural nnintegrity nnis nnmaintained nnas nna nnresult nnof nnthe nndesign.

3. nnA nnFULLY nnplanked nnor nndecked nnfloor nnor nnnets nnshall nnbe nnmaintained nnwithin nntwo nnstories nnor nn 30

nnfeet nnwhichever nnis nnless, nndirectly nnunder nnany nnerection nnwork nnbeing nnperformed.

Landing nnand nnplacing nnloads nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThe nnweight nnof nna nnbundle nnof nnjoist nnbridging nnshall nnnot

nnexceed nna nntotal nnof nn1,000 nnpounds. nnA nnbundle nnof nnjoist nnbridging nnshall nnbe nnplaced nnon nna nnminimum

nnof nnthree nnsteel nnjoists nnthat nnare nnsecured nnat nnone nnend. nnThe nnedge nnof nnthe nnbridging nnbundle nnshall nnbe

nnpositioned nnwith nn 1 nnfoot nnof nnthe nnsecured nnend.

Demolition: nnWhen nndebris nnis nndropped nnthrough nnthe nnholes nnin nnthe nnfloor nnwithout nnthe nnuse nnof

nnchutes, nnthe nnarea nnonto nnwhich nnthe nnmaterial nnis nndropped nnshall? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBe nncompletely

nnenclosed nnwith nnbarricades nnnot nnless nnthan nn 42 nninches nnhigh nnand nnnot nnless nnthan nn 6 nnfeet nnback nnfrom

nnthe nnprojected nnedge nnof nnthe nnopening nnabove. nnSigns, nnwarning nnof nnthe nnhazard nnof nnfalling nnmaterials,

nnshall nnbe nnposted nnat nneach nnlevel. nnRemoval nnshall nnnot nnbe nnpermitted nnin nnthis nnlower nnaread nnuntil

nndebris nnhandling nnceases nnabove.

Chutes: nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnNo nnmaterial nnshall nnbe nndropped nnto nnany nnpoint nnlying nnoutside nnthe nnexterior

nnwalls nnof nnthe nnstructure nnunless nnthe nnarea nnis nneffectively nnprotected.

Access nnand nnEgress: nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnEmployer nnshall nnprovide nnand nnmaintain nnsafe nnmeans nnof

nnaccess nnand nnegress nnto nnall nnwork nnstations

2. nnEmployer nnshall nnprovide nnaccess nnand nnegress nnin nnsuch nna nnmanner nnthat nnemployees nnare nnprotected

nnfrom nnbeing nnstruck nnby nnexcavators, nnhaulage nnmachines, nntrains nnand nnother nnmobile nnequipment

3. nnEmployer nnshall nncontrol nnaccess nnto nnall nnopenings nnto nnprevent nnunauthorized nnentry nnunderground.

nnUnused nnchutes, nnmanways, nnor nnother nnopenings nnshall nnbe nntightly nncovered, nnbulkheaded, nnor nnfenced

nnoff, nnand nnshall nnbe nnposted nnwith nnwarning nnsigns nnindicating nn"Keep nnOut" nnor nnsimilar nnlanguage.

nnCompleted nnor nnunused nnsections nnof nnthe nnunderground nnfacility nnshall nnbe nnbarricaded.

Ladders nnand nnJob-made nnladders nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnEach nnportable nnladder nnthat nnis nnnot nnself-

supporting. nnAt nnleast nnfour nntimes nnthe nnmaximum nnintended nnload, nnexcept nnthat nneach nnextr-heavy-duty

nntype nn1A nnmetal nnor nnplastic nnladders nnshall nnsustain nnat nnleast nn3.3 nntimes nnthe nnmaximum nnintended

nnload. nnThe nnability nnof nna nnladder nnto nnsustain nnthe nnloads nnindicated nnshall nnbe nnplaced nnat nnan nnangle nnof

nn 75 nn1/2 nndegrees nnfrom nnthe nnhorizontal.

When nnportable nnladders nnare nnused nnfor nnaccess nnto nnan nnupper nnlanding nnsurface, nnthe nnladder nnside nnrails

nnshall nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnExtend nnat nnleast nn 3 nnfeet nnabove nnthe nnupper nnlanding nnsurface nnto nnwhich nnthe

nnladder nnis nnused nnto nngain nnaccess; nnor, nnwhen nnsuch nnan nnextension nnis nnnot nnpossible nnbecause nnof nnthe

nnladder's nnlength, nnthen nnthe nnladder nnstall nnbe nnsecured nnat nnits nntop nnto nna nnrigid nnsupport nnthat nnwill nnnot

nndeflect, nnand nna nngrasping nndevice, nnsuch nnas nna nngrabrail, nnshall nnbe nnprovided nnto nnassist nnemployees nnin

nnmounting nnand nndismounting nnthe nnladder. nnIn nnno nncase nnshall nnthe nnthe nnextension nnbe nnsuch nnthat nnthe

nnladder nndeflection nnunder nna nnload nnwould, nnby nnitself, nncause nnthe nnladder nnto nnslip nnoff nnits nnsupport.

Non-self-supporting nnladders nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnShall nnbe nnused nnat nnan nnangle nnsuch nnthat nnthe

nnhorizontal nndistance nnfrom nnthe nntop nnsupport nnto nnthe nnfoot nnof nnthe nnladder nnis nnapproximately nnone-

quarter nnof nnthe nnworking nnlength nnof nnthe nnladder nn(distance nnalong nnthe nnladder nnbetween nnthe nnfoot

nnand nnthe nntop nnsupport)

The nntop nnor nntop nnstep nnof nna nnstepladder nnshall nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnNOT nnbe nnused nnas nna nnstep

When nnascending nnor nndescending nna nnladder nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThe nnuser nnshall nnface nnthe nnladder

Devices nnoriginally nndesigned nnby nnthe nnmanufacturer nnfor nnuse nnas: nnA nnsafety nndevice, nnoperational nnaid,

nnor nna nnmeans nnto nnprevent nnpower nnline nncontact nnor nnelectrocution, nnwhen nnused nnto nncomply nnmust

nnmeet nnthe nnmanufacturer's nnprocedures nnfor nnuse nnand nnconditions nnor nnuse:

Minimum nnClearance nnDistance: nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnUP nnTO nn 50 nnkv nn-> nn 10 nnFEET nnMIN nnclearance

2. nnover nn 50 nnto nn 200 nnkv nn-> nn 15 nnfeet nnmin nnclearance

3. nnOver nn 200 nnto nn 350 nnkv nn-> nn 20 nnfeet nnmin nnclearance

A nncompetent nnperson nnmust nnbegin nna nnvisual nninspection nnprior nnto nneach nnshift nnthe nnequipment nnwill nnbe

nnused, nnwhich nnmust nnbe nncompleted nnbefore nnor nnduring nnthat nnshift. nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThe nninspection

nnmust nnconsist nnof nnobservation nnfor nnapparent nndeficiencies. nnTaking nnapart nnequipment nncomponents

nnand nnbooming nndown nnis nnnot nnrequired nnas nnpart nnof nnthis nninspection nnunless nnthe nnresults nnof nnthe

nnvisual nninspection nnor nntrial nnoperation nnindicate nnthat nnfurther nninvestigation nnnecessitating nntaking

nnapart nnequipment nncomponent nnor nnbooming nndown nnis nnneeded. nnDeterminations nnmade nnin

nnconducting nnthe nninspection nnmust nnbe nnreassessed nnin nnlight nnof nnobservations nnmade nnduring

nnoperation. nnAt nnminimum nnthe nninspection nnmust nninclude nnall nnof nnthe nnfollowing:

1. nnControl nnmechanisms nnfor nnmaladjustments

2. nnControl nnand nndrive nnmechanisms

3. nnAir, nnhydraulic, nnand nnother nnpressurized nnlines

4. nnHydraulic nnsystem nnfor nnproper nnfluid nnlevel

5. nnHooks nnand nnlatches nnfor nndeformation

6. nnWire, nnrope nnreeving nnfor nncompliance

7. nnWire nnrope

8. nnElectrical nnapparatus

9. nnTires

10. nnGround nnconditions nnaround nnthe nnequipment nnfor nnproper nnsupport

11. nnThe nnequipment nnfor nnlevel nnposition

12. nnOperator nncab nnwindows

13. nnRails, nnrail nnstops, nnrail nnclamps nnand nnsupport nnsurfaces

14. nnSafety nndevices nnand nnoperational nnaids

Scaffolds nnshall nnbe nnerected, nnmoved, nndismantled, nnor nnaltered nnonly nnunder nnthe nnsupervision nnand

nndirection nnof nna? nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnCompetent nnperson nnquilified nnin nnscaffold nnerection, nnmoving,

nndismantling nnor nnalteration. nnSuch nnactivities nnshall nnbe nnperformed nnonly nnby nnexperienced nnand nntrained

nnemployees nnselected nnfor nnsuch nnwork nnby nnthe nncompetent nnperson

Before nnan nnemployee nnenters nnthe nnspace, nnthe nninternal nnatmosphere nnmust nnbe nntested, nnwith nna

nncalibrated nndirect-reading nninstrument, nnfor nnoxygen nncontent, nnfor nnflammable nngases nnand nnvapors, nnand

nnfor nnpotential nntoxic nnair nncontaminants, nnin nnthat nnorder. nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnAny nnemployee nnwho

nnenters nnthe nnspace, nnor nnthat nnemployee's nnauthorized nnrepresentative, nnmust nnbe nnprovided nnan

nnopportunity nnto nnobserve nnthe nnpre-entry nntesting nnrequired

Oxygen nnLevel nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnMinimum nnoxygen nncontent nnof nn19.5%

Excavation: nnTo nnfind nnthe nnload nnfactor nnfor nncommon nnswell nnpercentage nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnDivide nnthe

nnbank nnvolume nnby nnthe nnbank nnvolume nnplus nnthe nnswell nnpercentage: nnFor nnexample, nna nnsoil nnthat nnswells

nnby nn25% nnhas nna nnload nnfactor nnof nn0.80 nn(1 nnLCY nn/ nn1.25 nnLCY)

Bank nnCubic nnYards nn(BCY) nn- nnundisturbed

Loose nnCubic nnYards nn(LCY) nn- nndisturbed nn(swells)

Compacted nnCubic nnYards nn(CCY) nn- nncompacted nn(shrinks) nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnLCY nn= nn 1 nnBCY nnx nn1.

Example nnif nntruck nncapacity nnis nn 14 nnLCY nnand nnyou nnneed nnto nnexport nn1,000 nnBCY. nnConvert nnBCY nnto nnLCY,

nn 1000 nnBCY nnx nn1.32 nn= nn1,320 nnLCY. nnNow nntake nn1,320 nnLCY nn/ nn 14 nnLCY nn= nn 95 nnhaul nntrips

2. nnCCY nn= nn 1 nnLCY nn/ nn1.

Example: nn1,320 nn/ nn1.54 nn= nn 857 nnCCY

3. nnCUT nn= nn4,000BCY nnx nn1.32 nnLCY/BCY nn= nn5,280LCY

FILL nn= nn4,000CCY nnx nn1.54 nnLCY/CCY nn= nn6,160 nnLCY

6,160LCY-5,280LCY nn= nn880LCY nnmore nnneeded

Trench nnvolume nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnExample: nntrench nnis nn100ft nnlong nnby nn2ft nnwide nnby nn5ft nndeep.

nn100x2x5 nn= nn1,000 nnBCF

BCY nn= nn1000BCF nn/ nn 27 nn= nn37BCY

Bulldozers nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnEach nnsize nnand nntype nnof nndozer nnhas nna nnrange nnof nnappropriate nnuses nnand

nnapplications. nnLight nnutility nnrand nnfrom nn 40 nnto nn 80 nnhp nnand nnhave nnblade nncapacity nnof nn1.25 nnto nn2.

nnCY. nnTypical nnapplications nninclude nnresidential nnand nncommercial nnfoundations, nngrading, nnbackfill,

nnlandscaping, nnlight nnlogging, nnand nnswamp nndozing.

Load nntime nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnLoad nntime nncan nnbe nnreduced nnby nnloading nndowngrade

Using nnpusher nnassistance nnwill nnincrease nnthe nnloading nnrate nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnPushers nnshould nnbe

nnpowerful nnand nnheavy nnenough nnto nnpush nnthe nnscrapers nnthrough nnthe nncut nnad nnaccelerate, nnor nnboost,

nnthe nnscrapers nnas nnthey nnleave nnthe nncut

Reading nnplans nn- nncommon nnplan nnsymbols nnfor nnunderground nnutility nnwork nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnRefer nnto

nnGoogle nnDrive nn- nnJJJohnson nnFolder

3 nnpictures

Reference nnstake nninformation nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnOne nnstation nnequals nn 100 nnfeet. nnExample:

Actual nnelevation nnat nnTOS nnis nn1527.25 nnft nnbut nnexpress nnas nn100ft, nnthen nnanother nnat nn1524.5 nnft nnwould

nnbe nnexpressed nnas nn1527.25-1524.5=2.75. nn

100 - 2.75 nn= nn97.25ft

Slopes nnexpressed nnin nnpercents nnand nndegrees nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnAn nneasy nnway nnto nnremember nnhow nnto

nncalculate nnslope nnin nnpercentage nnterms. nnA nn 45 - degree nnslope nnis nn 100 - percent nnslope. nnIf nnthe nnvertical

nnrise nnis nnequal nnto nnthe nnhorizontal nndistance, nnthe nnslope nnis nn100%.

To nncalculate nnthe nnslope nnas nnpercent, nndivide nnthe nnvertical nnrise nnby nnthe nnhorizontal nndistance, nnthen

nnmultiple nnby nn100. nn83ft nnrise nn/ nn 227 nnft nndist nn*100 nn= nn36.5%

Best nnequipment nnto nnexcavate nnloose nnsoil nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnFor nntrenches nndeeper nnthan nn 8 nnft, nnor

nnextremely nnhard nndigging, nnthe nntrack nnbackhoe nnshould nnbe nnyour nnfirst nnchoice. nnUsed nnwisely, nna nntrack

nnbackhoe nncan nnincrease nnyour nnproduction nnrate nnand nnyour nnprofits

Shoring nnJacks nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnShoring nnjacks nnare nnthe nnbest nnchoice nnwhen nnworking nnin nnfirm nnsoil

nnthat nnwill nnstay nnin nnplace nnlong nnenough nnfor nnthe nnjacks nnto nnbe nnpositioned. nnCan nnbe nnplaced nnand

nnremoved nnwithout nnentering nnthe nntrench

Proctor nnTests nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThe nnstandard nnProctor nntest nnwas nndeveloped nnin nnearly nn1930s nnby nnRR

nnProctor, nna nnfield nnengineer nnfor nnthe nnCity nnof nnLos nnAngeles. nnApplying nnheavy nnweight nnto nna nncompletely

nndry nnsoil nnsample nnwon't nnacieve nnmuch nnincrease nnin nndensity. nnWhen nnwater nnis nnadded nnit's nnmuch

nneasier nnto nnincrease nnthe nndensity. nnWater nnacts nnas nna nnlubricant. nnThe nnstandard nnProctor nntest nnis

nnusually nnspecified nnfor nnfill nnmaterial nndesignated nnfor nnuse nnunder nnbuilding nnslabs nnand nnsidewalks, nnand

nnin nnutility nntrenches nnunder nngrassy nnareas. nnA nnsampl nnof nnthe nnproposed nnfill nnmaterial nnis nncrushed nnso nnit

nncan nnpass nnthru nna nn3/4inch nnsieve. nnA nnsteel nncylinder nnmold nnis nnfilled nnwith nnthe nnsample nnin nn 3 nnlayers.

nnEach nnlayer nnis nnstruck nn 25 nntimes nnwith nna nn5.5lb, nn2inch nndiameter nnhammer nnbefore nnthe nnnext nnlayer nnis

nnadded.

Soil nnDensity nnTest nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThe nnmost nnconvenient, nnaccurate nnand nnrelatively nninexpensive

nnmethod nnof nndetermining nnin-place nnsoil nndensity nnand nnmoisture nncontent nnis nnto nnuse nna nnNuclear

nnDensity nnGauge nn(nuclear nnmeter, nnASTM nn2922).

Compression nnStrength nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn

Contour nnLines nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBefore nnyou nncan nnestimate nncut nnand nnfill nnquantities, nnyou nnneed nnto

nnbe nnfamiliar nnwith nntopographic nn(contour) nnmaps nnand nncontour nnlines. nnContour nnlines nnon nnthe nnmap

nnrepresent nnthe nnthird nndimension nn(relief) nnof nnthe nnground nnsurface. nnContour nnlines nnrepresents nnpoints

nnof nnequal nnelevation nnabove nnor nnbelow nnan nnarbitrary nnreference nn(datum) nnplan nnsuch nnas nnsea nnlevel nnor

nntop-of-slab nn(TOS) nnelevation.

Single nnCharge nnBlasting nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThere nnare nn 2 nncommon nnblasting nntechniques: nnsingle nncharge

nnand nnsequential nnfireing. nnSingle nncharge nnis nnthe nnsimplest nnform nnof nnblasting. nnThe nnpowder-man nndrills

nna nnhole nnin nnthe nnrock, nnplaces nnand nnexplosive nncharge nnin nnthe nnhole nnand nnsets nnit nnoff. nnThe nnshock

nnwave nnof nnthe nnexplosion nntravels nnin nnthe nndirectrion nnof nnleast nnresistance nn- nnup, nnsideways nnor, nnin nnrare

nncases, nndown.

To nnfind nnthe nnload nnfactor, nndivide nnthe nnbank nnvolume nnby nnthe nnback nnvolume nnplus nnthe nnswell

nnpercentage nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnFor nnexample: nna nnsoil nnthat nnswells nnby nn25% nnhas nna nnload nnfactor nnof nn.

nn(1 nnLCY nn/ nn1.25 nnLCY)

Slot nndozing nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnIs nnone nntechnique nnthat nncan nnreduce nnthe nnamount nnof nnload nnlost nnin

nntransit. nnWhen nnslot nndozing, nnthe nndozer nnworks nnwithin nna nnroughly nn 2 nnfoot nntrench nnthat's nnthe nnsame

nnwidth nnas nnthe nnblade. nnPushing nnthe nnsoil nnin nnthe nnslot nnkeeps nnthe nnload nnfrom nnslipping nnaway.

Well nnpoint nnsystem nnbetter nnin nncourse nngrained nnsoil nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnIf nnyou nnhave nna nnlot nnof nnpipe nnto

nninstall nnin nnbad nngroundwater nnconditions, nnconsider nndewatering nnahead nnof nnpipe nnlaying. nnWellpoints,

nnplaced nnaround nnthe nnexcavation nnsite, nnare nna nnpotent nndewatering nnsolution. nnA nnwellpoint nnis nna

nnperforated nntube nnthat nnbrings nnwater nnto nnthe nnsurface nnvia nna nnsuction nntube nn(riser nnpipe). nn20ft

nnsuction nnlift. nnpump nn 10 - 25 nngallons nnper nnminute

In nnpost-tensioned nnconcrete, nnuntil nnthe nnconcrete nnhardens nnto nnabout nn75% nnof nnit's nnfull nnstrength, nn-

nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThe nntendon nnis nnnot nnpulled nn(stressed). nnTherefore, nninitially nnboth nnconcrete nnand

nntendon nnhave nnno nnstress. nnNeeds nnto nnharden nnto nn75% nncompression nnstrength nnbefore nnjacking.

When nna nnmember nnis nndesigned nnso nnthat nnunder nnthe nnworking nnload nnthere nnare nnno nntensile nnstresses

nnin nnit, nnthen nnthe nnconcrete nnis nnsaid nnto nnbe nnfully nnprestressed. nnOn nnthe nnother nnhand, nnif nntensile

nnstresses nnare nnallowed nnto nnbe nnproduced nnin nnthe nnmember nnunder nnworking nnload, nnthen nnit nnis nntermed

nnpartially nnprestressed nn(the nnprocess nnof nnapplying nna nnpercentage nnof nnthe nnfinal nnforce nnat nnsome

nnearilier nntime nnthan nnthe nnnormal nn 72 nnhours) nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnFor nnpartial nnprestressing nnadditional

nnmild nnsteel nnrebar nnmay nnbe nnrequired nnto nncontrol nncracking nnunder nntension. nnFor nneconomic nnreasons,

nnpartial nnprestressing nnis nnmost nncommon nnfor nnof nnprestressing nnused nnin nnstructures. nnSufficient

nnprestressing nnsteel nnis nnused nnto nnoffset nnmost nnof nnthe nnmember nnself-weight nnand nnother nnsustained

nndead nnloads. nnOccasionally nna nnsmall nnportion nnof nnlive nnload nnis nnalso nnincluded. nnThe nntension nnproduced

nnby nnthe nnremainder nnof nnlive nnload nnis nnresisted nnby nnthe nncombination nnof nnstressed nnand nnnon-stressed

nnsteel, nnresulting nnin nneconomical nnstructures. nnTHE nnBONDED nnSTEEL nnREBAR nnassures nncontrol nnof nnthe

nncrack nnwidth nnand nndistribution, nnshould nnsecondary nneffects nnor nnoverloading nncause nnthe nnmember nnto

nncrack.

Unbonded nntendon nnfabrication nnprocedures nnconform nnto nnthe nnrequirements nnof nnthe nnPost-Tensioning

nnInstitute's nn"Specification nnfor nnUnbonded nnSingle nnStrand nnTendons" nnpublished nnJuly, nn 1993 nn-

nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThe nnfirst nnstep nnin nnthe nnmanufacturing nnprocess nnis nnthe nncoating nnof nnthe nnstrand. nnThe

nnis nnaccomplished nnusing nnthe nnplastic nnextrusion nnmethod. nnThe nnbare nnstrand nnis nncoated nnwith nnP/T

nncoating nnand nnthen nncovered nnwith nnplastic nnsheathing. nnThe nnextrusion nnprocess nnbegins nnby nnrunning

nnthe nnstrand nnthrough nna nnP/T nncoating nnapplicator nnwhich nncoats nnthe nnstrand nnuniformly nnwith nnthe

nnproper nnamount nnof nnP/T nncoating. nnThru nnthe nnprocess nnthe nnextruder nncross nnhead nnapplies nnand

nnregulates nnthe nncorrect nnthickness nnof nnthe nnmelted nnplastic. nnThe nnfinal nnstep nninvolves nnmoving nnthe

nnstrand nnthru nna nncooling nntrough nnof nnwater nnbefore nnbeing nnwound nnonto nna nnspool nnfor nnfabricating.

1. nnDuring nnthe nnunloading nnprocess, nnit nnis nnrecommended nnthat nnnylon nnstraps nnbe nnused nnduring

nnunloading nnand nnhandling nnof nnmaterials.

2. nnUnload nnas nnnear nnas nnpossible nnto nnthe nndesignated nnstorage nnareas nnto nnavoid nnexcessive nnhandling.

nnMultilple nnmoves nnincrease nnpossibility nnfor nndamage nnto nnsheathing nnand nnother nncomponents nnof nnthe

nnsystem.

3. nnAll nntendons nnshould nnbe nnstored nnin nna nndry nnarea. nnIf nntarp nnis nnused, nnit nnshould nnbe nnconstructed nnin nna

nntent-like nnfashion nnto nnallow nncirculation nnto nnavoid nncondensation nnand nncorrosion. nnTendons nnshould

nnnot nnbe nnexposed nnto nnwater, nnde-icing, nnor nnother nncorrosive nnelements. nnIn nnlong-term nnstorage,

nntendons nnshould nnbe nnprotected nnfrom nnexposure nnto nnopen nnsunlight nnfor nnlong nnperiods nnof nntime. nn

4. nnWedges nnand nnanchors nnshould nnbe nnstored nnin nna nnclean nnand nndry nnarea. nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn5. nnUpon

nnreceipt nnof nnequipment nncare nnshould nnbe nntaken nnto nnensure nnthat nnthe nnjack nnand nngauge nnare nnnever

nnseparated. nnEach nnjack nnand nngauge nnare nncalibrated nnas nna nnunit.

6. nnCheck nnjack nncalibration nnrecords nnwhich nnmay nnbe nnmailed nnseparately nnor nnwith nnthe nnbill nnof nnlading,

nnshipping nndocuments, nnor nnattached nnto nnthe nnunit. nnLook nnon nnthe nngauge nnand nnjack nnfor nna nnnumber

nncorresponding nnto nnthat nnon nnthe nncalibration nnrecords. nnJacks nnand nngauges nnshall nnbe nncalibrated nnbefore

nnthey nnare nnshipped nnto nnthe nnjob. nnIf nnthere nnis nndiscrepancy nncontact nnGC nnor nnhis nnassistant nnfor

nnresolution.

7. nnStore nnstressing nnequipment nnin nna nnsecure, nnclean, nndry nnplace nnand nnallow nnaccess nnto nnthe

nnequipment nnONLY nnto nntrained, nnqualified nnpersonnel.

8. nnFollow nnthe nnpost-tensioning nnsupplier's nnrules nnand nninstructions nnregarding nnthe nncare, nnuse nnand

nnmaintenance nnof nnthis nnequipment. nnStressing nnequipment nnshall nnnot nnbe nnused nnfor nnany nnother

nnoperation nnother nnthan nnthe nnstressing nnof nntendons.

Tendons nnand nncables nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnCables nn 6 nninches nnfrom nnpenetrations

Support nnbars nnwill nnbe nnshown nntypically nn4ft nn+/- nnon nncenter nnon nnthe nninstallation nndrawings. nn-

nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBut nnadditional nnbars nn(supports) nnmay nnbe nnrequired nnto nnensure nnthe nnproblem nnof

nnreverse nncurvature nnof nntendons nndoes nnnot nnoccur, nnreverse nncurvature nnof nntendons nncan nncause

nnspalling nnof nnconcrete nnduring nnstressing nnoperation

12" nnfor nnjack, nncable nndiameters nn.5" nn& nn.6" nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn12" nnfor nnjack, nncable nndiameters nn.5" nn&

nn.6"

Stressing nnBarrier nncable nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThe nnanchorage nnat nnthe nnnon-stressing-end nnbe nninstalled nnto

nnforce nnequal nnto nn80% nnof nnthe nnultimate nnstrength nnof nnthe nnstrand. nnThe nnbackstressing nnforce nnshould

nnbe nnequal nnto nn80% nnof nnthe nnultimate nnstrength nnof nnthe nnstrand.

Nature nnof nnSoil. nnSoil nntypes nnas nndetermined nnby nnparticle nnsize nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnBoulders: nn 12 nnin

nnor nnlarger nnin nndiameter

2. nnCobbles: nnlarger nnthan nn 3 nnin, nnsmaller nnthan nn 12 nnin

3. nnGravel: nnsmaller nnthan nn 3 nnin, nnand nnlarger nnthan nn#4 nnsieve nn(appr nn1/4 nnin)

4. nnSand: nnparticles nnsmaller nnthan nn#4 nnsieve nnand nnlarger nnthan nn#200 nnsieve nn(40,000 nnopenings nnper

nnsquare nninch)

5. nnSilts: nnparticles nnsmaller nnthan nn.02 nnmm nnand nnlarger nnthan nn.002mm nnin nndiameter

6. nnClays: nnparticles nnsmaller nnthan nn.002 nnmm nnin nndiameter

Table nn 2 - 1 nnRelative nnBearing nnStrength nnof nnSoils nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnRefer nnto nnGoogle nnDrive nn-

nnJJJohnson nnFolder

Groundwater nnLevel: nnknowing nnthe nnlocation nnof nnthe nngroundwater nnlevel nnis nnimportant nnfor nn 2 nnreasons

nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnHIGH nnWATER nntable nnmeans nnthat nnEXTRA nncosts nnwill nnbe nnencountered nnduring

nnthe nnexcavation nnand nnconstruction nnof nnfoundations nnfor nnthe nncontractor.

2. nnWater nntable nnaffects nnthe nnsoil nnbearing nncapacity, nnwhich nnin nnturn nndetermines nnthe nnsize nnand nntype

nnof nnfoundation nnrequired nnfor nnthe nnbuilding nnchallenge nnfor nnthe nndesigner.

Compaction nnTesting: nncompaction nntesting nnprovides nnthe nnsite nncontractor nnwith nnspecific nncompaction

nnvalue nnthat nnmust nnbe nnachieved. nnCompaction nntesting nnis nnbased nnon nnthe nnrelationship nnbetween nnsoil

nndry nndensity nnand nnthe nnmoisture nncontent nnof nnthe nnsoil. nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnLab nntest nnused nnis nnProctor

nnTest, nndeveloped nnby nnR.R. nnProctor. nnDeveloped nnfor nntesting nnslightly nncohesive nnto nncohesive nnsoils

Typical nnConcrete nnCurge nnand nnGutter nnCross nnSection nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnRefer nnto nnGoogle nnDrive nn-

nnJJJohnson nnFolder

24" nntotal

1. nnFirst nnlayer, nn6" nnbottom nndirt

2. nnSecond nnlayer, nn6" nngranular nnbase

3. nnThird nnlayer, nn12" nntopsoil nn/ nncurb. nnCurb nnis nn 16 - 24" nnwide. nn6" nnfrom nntopsoil

Concrete nnsidewalks nnare nnusually nn 4 nninches nnin nnthickness, nn 5 nnfeet nnor nnwider. nnJoint nnspacing? nn-

nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnCrack-control nnjoints nnare nnplaced nnat nn 3 nnto nn 5 nnfeet. nnExpansion nnjoints nnare nnprovided

nnat nnintervals nnof nn 30 nnfeet nnor nnless nnwhere nnsidewalks nnare nnbear nnagainst nnbuildings nnor nnother nnfixed

nnstructures. nnTypically nna nn2,500 nnpsi nnair-entrained nnconcrete nnis nnused nnto nnprovide nna nnweather-resistant

nnsurface. nnThe nnsurface nnfinish nnis nna nnlight nnbroom nnfinish, nnthe nnedges nnare nnsmoothed nnwith nnan nnedging

nntool.

Removing nnGroundwater nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnUse nna nnpump

2. nnPerimeter nntrenching nnwith nnpumps

3. nnLower nnthe nnwater nntable nnselectively nnin nnthe nnarea nnin nnwhich nnthe nnexcavating nnwill nntake nnplace nnby

nnusing nndewatering nnsystem nnlike nnwell-points

Items nnthat nnaffect nncycle nntime nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnCycle nntravel nntime nnis nnbased nnon nnattainable nnspeeds

nnof nnthe nntruck nnfor nnloaded nnand nnunloaded nnconditions. nnAttainable nnspeeds nnare nnaffected nnby nnFOUR

nnFACTORS: nndistance nntraveled, nnroad nnresistance, nngrade nnresistance nnor nnassistance, nnand nnrimpull.

Protection nnof nnExcavations, nnmaking nnsure nnsidewall nncave-ins nndo nnnot nnoccur nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1.

nnSlope nnsides nnuntil nnangle nnof nnrepose nnis nn1:1 nnor nn 45 nndegrees

2. nnProvide nntemporary nnsupport nnfor nnthe nnearth nnwalls, nninterlocking nnsteel nnsheeting nnpiling, nnsteel

nnsoldier nnpiles nnwith nnhorizontal nntimber nnsheeting, nnand nnconcrete nnslurry nnwalls.

Underpinning nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnUnderpinning nnis nnthe nnprovision nnof nnpermanent nnsupport nnfor nnexisting

nnbuildings nnby nnextending nntheir nnfoundations nnto nna nnnew, nnlower nnlevel nncontaining nnthe nndesired

nnbearing nnstratum. nnDue nnto nnremoval nnof nnpart nnof nnsupporting nnsoil nnby nna nnnew nnand nnnew nnloads nnto nnan

nnexisting nnstructure

Types nnof nnpiles: nnPile nnsections nnare nnfashioned nnfrom nnthe nntraditional nnbuilding nnmaterials: nnwood, nnsteel,

nncomposite, nnand nnconcrete nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThere nnare nnfour nnvariations nnwhen nnconsidering nnload

nntransfer nncharacteristics: nnbearing nnpiles, nnfriction nnpiles, nnfriction nnplus nnbearing, nnand nnsheet nnpiles.

nnSheet nnpiles nnare nnnormally nnnot nnintended nnfor nnvertical nnloads nnbut nnare nndesigned nnto nnresist nnhorizontal

nnpressure.

Parts nnof nna nnTypical nnPile nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnHead nn- nnupper nnfinal

2. nnFoot nn- nnlower nnfinal

3. nnTip nn- nnsmall nnend nnbefore/after nnplaced nnin nnposition

4. nnButt nn- nnlarge nnend nnbefore/after nnplaced nnin nnposition

5. nnPile nnring nn- nnwrought nniron nnor nnsteel nnhop nnplaced nnon nnhead nnof nnthe nnpile nnto nnprevent nncracking,

nnbrooming, nnor nnsplitting

6. nnDriving nnhead nn- nndevice nnplaced nnon nnthe nnhead nnof nnthe nnpile nnto nnreceive nnhammer nnblows. nnmay nnbe

nnused nninstead nnof nnpile nnring

7. nnPile nncutoff nn- nnportion nnof nnpile nnthat nnis nnremoved nnafter nncompletion nnof nndriving

8. nnPile nnshoe nn- nnmetal nncone nnplaced nnon nnthe nntip nnof nnthe nnpile nnto nnprotect nnfrom nncracking nnor nnsplitting.

Bolt nnHole nndiameter nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnBolt nnholes nnfor nnbolted nnconnections nnare nnpunched nnor nndrilled

nn1/16 nninch nnlarger nnin nndiameter nnthan nnthe nndiameter nnof nnthe nnbolts nnto nnbe nnused

Steel nnstructural nnshapes nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnS, nnW, nnChannel, nnEqual-leg nnangle, nnUnequal-leg nnangle, nnHP

nnshape, nnhollow, nnT nnsections nncut nnfrom nnS nnand nnW, nnand nnplate

Different nntypes nnof nntruss nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnKing nnpost, nnW nntruss, nnHowe nntruss, nnPratt nntruss, nnHammer

nnbeam, nnCantilever, nnBaltimore nntruss, nnBowstring nntruss, nnBelgian nntruss, nnand nnSawtooth

Alternative nnRoof-framing: nnOpen-web, nnStructural nnsteel, nnTimber, nnPrecast nnconcrete

In nnstructural nnsteel nnframes, nnbracing nnusually nnconsists nnof nntension nncross-bracing, nnprovided nnthat nnit

nndoes nnnot nninterfere nnwith nnopening nnlocations. nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThis nntype nnof nnbracing nnallows nnfor

nnload nnreversals nnand nnensures nnthat nnstability nnis nnprovided nnin nnboth nndirections. nnThe nnremoval nnof nnone

nnof nnthese nnbraces nnwill nnproduce nninstability nnin nnthe nnframe nnbecause nntension nnbraces nnare nnnot

nndesigned nnto nnresist nncompression nnloads.

Girders: nnConnections nnbetween nngirder nnand nncolumns nncan nnbe nneither nnpin-type nnconnections nnor

nnmoment-resisting nnconnections. nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnPin-type nnconnections nnare nndesigned nnto nnresist

nnvertical nnloads nnonly nnand nncannot nnbe nnrelied nnupon nnto nnresist nnlateral nnloads. nn

2. nnMoment nnconnections nnbetween nnthe nngirders nnand nnthe nncolumns nnprovide nnlateral nnstability nnin nnthe

nnstructural nnframe nnby nnpreventing nnrotation nnbetween nnthe nngirders nnand nnthe nncolumns.

Drift nnpin: nnOnce nna nnsufficient nnamount nnof nnsteel nnhas nnbeen nnput nnin nnplace, nnfinal nnbolting nnis nnbegun nn-

nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnProper nnalignment nnof nnal nnconnection nnplates nnand nnangles nnis nndone nnwith nnthe nnaid nnof

nna nnspud nnwrench nnand nnDRIFT nnpins

Floor nnsystem: nnComposite, nnWood, nnCellular, nnConcrete nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnCellular nnis nnthe nnstrongest

Waffle nnslab nnforming nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nntwo-way nnjoist nnsystem nnready nnfor nnconcrete. nnPositive

nnreinforcement nnin nnribbed nnfloors nnis nnconcentrated nnin nnthe nnribs, nnand nnnegative nnreinforcement nnas

nnwell nnas nntemperature nnsteel nnis nnplaced nnwithin nnthe nnslab nnthickness

Exterior nnFinishes nnand nnFacings nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nn1. nnSiding

2. nnStucco nn- nnportland nncement nnplaster nnprovides nndurable, nnwether nnresistant, nnand nncost-effective

nnfinish nnthat nncan nnbe nncomparable nnin nnperformance nnto nna nnbrick nnfinish

3. nnBrick nnand nnStone

4. nnPrecast nnconcrete

Single-Ply nnRoof nnMembranes nn- nnEPDM nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThermoset nnmembranes nnconsist nnof nnrubber

nnpolymers nnand nnare nncommonly nnknow nnas nnrubber nnroofing: nnthe nnmost nncommon nnis nnethylene

nnpropylene nndiene nnmonomer nn(EPDM). nnSplicing nnof nnthermoset nnmaterials nnis nndone nnby nnlapping nnand

nnrequires nnthe nnuse nnof nnan nnadditional nnadhesive nnto nnprovide nnwatertight nnseal nnat nnthe nnoverlap.

Curtain nnWall nnConstruction: nnMasonry nnCurtain nnWalls nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnMasonry nncurtain nnwalls nnwere

nntraditionally nncompsed nnof nnindividual nnmasonry nnunits nnsuch nnas nnbrick, nnclay nntile, nnand nnconcrete nnblock.

nnTo nnimprove nnversatility nnunits nnwere nnaugmented nnsuch nnas nnpanelized nnmasonry, nnstone nnpanels, nnand

nnprecast nnconcrete nnpanels.

Masonry nncurtain nnwalls nnmay nnbe nnseparated nnin nnto nntwo nnbasic nntypes: nnload-bearing nnand nnnon-load-

bearing

Curtain nnWall nnConstruction nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnIncludes: nninterior nnliner, nnan nninsulating nnlayer, nnAIR nnGAP,

nnand nnexterior nnfinish.

Methods nnof nnfireproofing nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnCellular nnconcrete nnmakes nnan nnexcellent nnfireproofing

nnmaterial nnbecause nnof nnits nnhigh nninsulation nnvalue nnand nnits nnlight nnweight. nn2, nn3, nnor nn 4 nnin nnslabs

Girders nn- nnMoment nnconnections nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnMoment nnconnections nnbetween nnthe nngirders nnand

nnthe nncolumns nnprovide nnlateral nnstability nnin nnthe nnstructural nnframe nnby nnpreventing nnrotation nnbetween

nnthe nngirders nnand nnthe nncolumns.

Girders nnTypes nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnConnections nnbetween nngirders nnand nncolumns nncan nnbe nneither nnpin-

type nnor nnmoment-resisting nnconnections

Girders nn- nnPin-type nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnPin-type nnconnections nnare nndesigned nnto nnresist nnvertical nnloads

nnonly. nnPin-type nncannot nnbe nnrelied nnupon nnto nnresist nnlateral nnloads. nnCross-bracing, nnshear nnwalls, nnor nna

nnconcrete nncore nnmust nnbe nnused nnto nnabsorb nnthe nnaffects nnof nnlateral nnforces nnand nnto nnprovide nnnecessary

nnstability

Structural nnSteel nnFrames nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnCross-bracing nnprovided nnthat nnit nndoes nnnot nninterfere nnwith

nnopenings nnlocations, nnthis nntype nnof nnbracing nnallows nnfor nnload nnreversals nnand nnensures nnthat nnstability nnis

nnprovided nnin nnboth nndirections. nnThe nnremoval nnof nnone nnof nnthese nnbraces nnwill nnproduce nninstability nnin

nnthe nnframe nnbecause nntension nnbraces nnare nnnot nndesigned nnto nnresist nncompression nnloads

Stirrups nnin nnBeams nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnWhen nna nnbeam nndeflects nnunder nna nnload, nnshear nnstresses nnare

nnalso nnpresent. nnTo nnresist nndiagonal nntension, nnsmall nnU-shaped nnor nnclosed nn-shape nnreinforcing nnbars

nncalled nnstirrups nnare nnused nnand nnare nnplaced nnvertically nnacross nnthe nnbeam. nnStirrups nnare nnplaced nnmore

nnclosely nnnear nnthe nnsupport nnand nnfurther nntoward nnthe nnmid-span. nnWelded nnwire nnreinforcement nncages

nncan nnalso nnbe nnused.

Rebar nnpurpose nn- nnRebar nnis nn5% nnof nnconcrete nnmass nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnConcrete nnis nnstrong nnin

nncompression, nnbut nnrelatively nnweek nnin nntension nnand nnshear. nnGenerally, nnwherever nntension nnis

nnpresent, nnthe nnconcrete nnis nnreinforced nnwith nnreinforcing nnsteel.

Shrinkage nnand nntemperature nnreinforcement nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnTemperature nnsteel nnplace

nnperpendicular nnto nnstress nnrebar

Shrinkage nnand nntemperature nnreinforcement nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnTemperature nnand nnshrinkage nnsteel

nn(T&S nnsteel) nn- nnreinforcing nnsteel nnin nnslabs nnat nnthe nnright nnangles nnto nnthe nnmain nnstress nnresisting nnsteel,

nnto nnprovide nnfor nninduced nnstresses

Reinforcing nnrebar nnsizes nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnThere nnare nn 11 nnstandard nnbar nnsizes nn#3 nnthrough nn#18 nnor

nn(#10 nnthrough nn#57). nnThe nnnumber nndenotes nnthe nndiameter nnof nnthe nnbar nnin nneighths nnof nninch. nnSo nn#5

nnis nn5/8" nnor nn16mm nnin nndiameter. nnSizes nnare: nn#3(#10mm), nn#4(#13), nn#5(#16), nn#6(#19), nn#7(#22),

nn#8(#25), nn#9(#29), nn#10(#32), nn#11(#36), nn#14(#43), nn#18(#57)

Rebar nnstorage nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnAt nnthe nnjobsite, nnreinforcing nnbars nnare nndelivered nnto nna nnstorage nnor

nnlaydown nnarea nnand nnunloading nnwill nnbe nnas nndirected nnby nnthe nnIronworkder nnForeman.

Rebar nnconditions nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnSurface nnconditions nnof nnreinforcing nnbars nnmay nnaffect nnthe nnability

nnof nnthe nnbars nnto nnbond nnto nnthe nnconcrete. nnThe nnmain nnfactos nnthat nnmay nndecrease nnbond nnare nnthe

nnpresence nnof nnmill nnscale, nnrust, nnoil, nnand nnmud. nnRust nnimproves nnbond nnbecause nnit nnincreases nnthe

nnroughness nnof nnthe nnsurface

Hoisting nnRebar nn- nnANSWER: nn nn➡ nnWhen nnhoisting nnbundles nnof nnreinforcing nnbars nnroughly nn 30 nnft nnor

nnlonger, nnit nnis nnusually nnnecessary nnto nnuse nnspreader nnbeam nn/ nnbars. nnThe nnlength nnof nnthe nnspreader

nnbeam nnshould nnbe nnat nnleast nnone-half nnthe nnlength nnof nnthe nnreinforcing nnbars nnin nnthe nnbundle.

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