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A comprehensive set of questions and answers for the nasm ces final exam, covering a wide range of topics related to human movement, biomechanics, and corrective exercise. It includes detailed explanations for each answer, making it a valuable resource for students preparing for the exam.
Typology: Exams
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(Anterior) Feet Flatten Overactive muscles – ANS Peroneal Complex Lateral Gastrocnemius Biceps Femoris Tensor Fascia latae (TFL) (Anterior) Feet Flatten possible injuries – ANS Plantar Fasciitis Achilles' Tendinopathy Medial Tibial Stress syndrome Ankle sprains Patellar Tendinopathy (jumpers Knee) (Anterior) Feet Flatten Underactive muscles - ANSAnterior Tibialis Posterior Tibials Medial Gastrocnemius Gluteus Medius
(Anterior) Feet Turn out Overactive Muscles - ANSSoleus Lat. Gastrocnemius Biceps Femoris(short head) Tensor Fascia latae (TFL) (Anterior) Feet Turn Out Possible Injuries - ANSPlantar Fasciitis Achilles' Tendinopathy Medial Tibial stress syndrome Ankle sprains Patellar Tendinopathy (jumpers Knee) (Anterior) Feet Turn out Under active Muscles - ANSMedial Gastrocnemius Medial Hamstring Complex Gluteus Medius / Maximus Gracilis Popliteus Sartorius
(Anterior) Knees Valgus (move inward) Overactive Muscles - ANSAdductor complex Biceps Femoris (short head) Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL) Lateral Gastrocnemius Vastus Medialis (Anterior) Knees Valgus (Move Inward) Possible Injuries - ANSPatellar Tendinopathy (Jumpers Knee) Patellofemoral syndrome ACL injury IT-Band tendonitis (Anterior) Knees Valgus (Move inward) Underactive muscles - ANSMedial Hamstring complex Medial Gastrocnemius Gluteus Medius/Maximus Vastus medialis Oblique (VMO) Anterior Tibialis Posterior Tibialis
(Anterior) Knees Varus (move outward) Injuries - ANSPatellar Tendinopathy (Jumpers Knee) Patellofemoral syndrome ACL injury IT-Band tenonitis (Anterior) Knees Varus (move outward) Overactive muscles - ANSPiriformis Biceps Femoris TFL/gluteus minimus (Anterior) Knees Varus (Move outward) Underactive muscles - ANSAdductor complex Medial Hamstring Gluteus maxmus 1/3 work related injury involves - ANSTrunk 1/6 or 16% of adults - ANSAre obese
18% of teenagers and adolescents - ANSAre overweight 1985 - ANSInternational Obesity Task force deemed obesity an epidemic 2 most common methods of stretching: - ANSStatic stretching Neuromuscular stretching a cellular structure that supplies energy for many biomechanical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis is known as? - ANSadenenosine triphosphate a client demonstrates an upper extremity movement impairment syndrome. which of the following muscles are most likely tight? - ANSupper trapezius, levator scapula a client demonstrates lower extremity movement impairment syndrome. what muscles are most likely tight? - ANSerector spinae, lateral hamstrings a client had knee replacement 2 yrs ago and did not comply with rehab. during assessment she displayed limited ROM in the affected knee. what is most likely to have caused this lack of mobility? - ANSformed scar tissue
a client has been a waitress for many years, carried heavy trays of food and has dealt with shoulder pain. this client is most likely prone to weakness in the... - ANSrotator cuff a client who has a cesarean section in the past may potentially have weak.... - ANSabdominal complex a hip drop in a single leg squat indicates which muscles can be overactive - ANSadductor complex (same side) A low back arch in the overhead squat indicates what muscles are overactive? - ANShip flexors A low back arch in the overhead squat indicates what muscles are overactive? - ANShip flexors A low back arch in the overhead squat indicates what muscles are overactive? - ANShip flexors
A runner who experiences reoccuring episodes of plantar fascitis, shin splints and patellar tendonitis is most likely affected by which of the following postural distortion syndromes? - ANSpronation distortion syndrome A runner who experiences reoccuring episodes of plantar fascitis, shin splints and patellar tendonitis is most likely affected by which of the following postural distortion syndromes? - ANSpronation distortion syndrome A runner who experiences reoccuring episodes of plantar fascitis, shin splints and patellar tendonitis is most likely affected by which of the following postural distortion syndromes? - ANSpronation distortion syndrome a slight inward rolling motion the foot makes during a normal walking or running stride. The foot (and ankle) rolls slightly inward to accomodate movement. - ANSpronation a-band - ANSregion of the sarcomere where myosin filaments are predominately seen with minor overlap of actin filaments according to the NASM kinetic chain checkpoint, it is common to begin a static postural assessment of at the - ANSfeet and travel upward toward the head
ACL injuries in US - ANS80-100k injuries ACL non contact injuries - ANS70-75% are non contact Activate - ANSUsed to re-educate and increase activation of underactive tissues Activation Technique - ANSCorrective exercise techniques reeducate or increase activation of under active tissues activation techniques - ANSpositional isometrics, isolated strengthening active range of motion - ANSamount of ROM obtained solely through voluntary contraction by client adductor brevis concentric action - ANSaccelerates hip adduction, flexion and internal rotation adductor brevis eccentric action - ANSdecelerates hip abduction, extension and external rotation
adductor brevis isometric action - ANSstabilizes the lphc Adductor Complex concentric action - ANSaccelerates hip adduction, flexion and internal rotation adductor complex eccentric action - ANSdecelerates hip abduction, extension and external rotation adductor complex isometric action - ANSstabilizes the lphc Adductor longus, Adductor magnus, Adductor brevis, Gracilis, and Pectineus - ANSConcentrically accelerate "Hip ADDuction" Adductor Magnus, anterior fibers - concentric action - ANSaccelerates hip adduction, flexion and internal rotation adductor magnus, anterior fibers, eccentric action - ANSdecelerates hip abduction, extension and external rotation adductor magnus, anterior fibers, isometric action - ANSstabilizes the lphc
Adductor Magnus, posterior fibers, concentric action - ANSaccelerates hip adduction, extension, and external rotation Adductor Magnus, posterior fibers, isometric action - ANSstabilizes the lphc Adductor Magnus, posterior fiers, eccentric action - ANSdecelerates hip abduction, flexion and external rotation Adductors - ANSTypically Overactive afferent neurons - ANSneurons that gather incoming sensory info and deliver to CNS agonist - ANSmuscle that acts as prime mover Agonist - ANSPrime movers allows for better tissue dynamics, which may provide better overall muscle contraction and joint motion - ANSchanging the viscosity
alterations in length tension relationships, force couple relationships and arthrokinematics can decrease which of the following? - ANSneuromuscular control altered reciprocal inhibition - ANSprocess where by tight or overactive muscle causes decreased neural drive and recruitment of its functional antagonist Altered reciprocal inhibition - ANSThe process whereby a tight muscle (short, overactive, myofascial adhesions) causes decreased neural drive and therefore optimal recruitment of its functional antagonist. An estimated ACL injuries occur annually in the general U.S. population. - ANS80,000 to 100, An estimated ACL injuries occur annually in the general U.S. population. - ANS80,000 to 100, An estimated ACL injuries occur annually in the general U.S. population. - ANS80,000 to 100,
an icreased lumbar lordosis with an anterior pelvic tilt is indicative of overactively in which of the following muscles? - ANSgastrocnemius, rectus femoris, erector spinae Ankle Sprain - ANSMost common sports related injuries ankle sprains - ANSinjury to the ankle ligaments in which small tears occur Antagonist - ANSAct in direct opposition to prime movers antagonist - ANSmuscle that acts in direct opposition to prime mover Anterior Oblique Sub-system - ANSInternal and external obliques, adductor complex, hip external rotators Anterior oblique subsystem (AOS) - ANSAid in pelvic stability and rotation in the anterior transverse plane, produces rotational and flexion movements, contributes to leg swing, and is a factor in the stabilization of the sacroiliac joint Anterior pelvic tilt is a characteristic of which compensatory pattern? - ANSlower crossed syndrome
Anterior pelvic tilt is a characteristic of which compensatory pattern? - ANSlower crossed syndrome Anterior pelvic tilt is a characteristic of which compensatory pattern? - ANSlower crossed syndrome Anterior tibialis - ANSTypically Underactive Anterior tibialis (concentric) - ANSAccelerate ankle dorsiflexion and eversion arterioles branch out into a multitude of microscopic blood vessels known as - ANScapillaries Arthrokinematics - ANSJoint motion autogenic inhibition - ANSinhibition of muscle spindle resulting from golgi tendon organ stimulation
Autogenic inhibition - ANSThe process when neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles balance and neuromuscular efficiency are improved through repetive exposure to a variety of which of the following kinds of conditions - ANSmultisensory conditions balance is what type of process? - ANSstatic and dynamic believed to stimulate the golgi receptors through sustained pressure at a specific intensity, amount, and duration to produce produces an inhibitory response to the muscle spindle and decrease gamma loop - ANSself-myofascial release Biceps brachii - ANSConcentrically accelerates "Elbow flexion" Biceps Femoris short head (Concentric) - ANSAccel knee flex Biomechanics - ANSprinciples of physics to study how forces interact within a living body
biomechanics - ANSstudy that uses principles of physics to quantitatively study how forces interact within a living body break test - ANSmuscle manual test - end of available ROM, client asked to hold position and not allow examiner to "break" hold with manual resistance can alter the carbon dioxide and oxygen content of blood, perpetuating dysfunctional breathing and leading to synergist dominance of secondary breathing muscles - ANSfaulty breathing patterns can lead to better oxygen content in blood and deceases feeling of anxiety and fatigue - ANSimproving respiration can reduce trigger-point and sensitivity in individuals - ANSischemic compression cartesian coordinate system - ANSsystem used for measurements in three- dimensional space Central - ANSNervous system designed to optimize muscle synergies.
chronic ankle instability - ANSrepetitive episodes of giving way at the ankle, coupled with feelings of instability circumduction - ANScircular movement of a limb client demonstrates rounded shoulder posture and late indicates that he has suffered from shoulder pain. what pattern of dysfunction is most likely present? - ANSlengthened rhomboids and shortened anterior deltoid Clients with low back pain have been reported to demonstrate impaired postural control, delayed muscle relaxation and abnormal muscle recruitment patterns with the ____and____ musculature being most noticeable - ANStransverse abdominius and multifidus clients with the upper-extremity movement impairment syndrome are usually characterized as having - ANSrounded shoulders and a forward head Common impairments affecting the knee - ANSHyperpronation of the foot, increased Q angle, anterior pelvic tilt, decreased flexibility of the quadriceps, hamstrings, and IT-band, decreased hip abduction strength, decreased strength of the hip external rotators, and abnormal contraction intensity and onset timing between the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis
Common impairments of the foot/ankle - ANSHyperpronation of the foot, decreased joint motion of the first MTP joint (big toe), and decreased posterior glide of the talus common static malalignments - ANSpoor posture, joint hypomobility, myofascial adhesions. compensations for the anterior view of the single leg squat, feet flatten probable over active muscles - ANSsoleus, lat gastrocnemius, bicpes femoris, TFL compensations for the anterior view of the single leg squat, feet flatten probable under active muscles - ANSmed gastrocnemius, med hamstring, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus compensations for the anterior view of the single leg squat, LPHC hip drop probable under active muscles - ANSgluteus medius (same side) quadratus lumbrum (opposite side) compensations for the anterior view of the single leg squat, LPHC hip hike probable over active muscles - ANSquadratus lumborum (opposite side), TFL, gluteus minimus (same side)
compensations for the anterior view of the single leg squat, LPHC hip hike probable under active muscles - ANSadductor complex (same side), gluteus medius (same side) compensations for the anterior view of the single leg squat,knees move inward probable over active muscles - ANSpiriformis, bicep femoris, TFL, gluteus minimus, gluteus medius compensations for the anterior view of the single leg squat,knees move inward probable under active muscles - ANSmed hamstring, med goastrocenemius, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus compensations for the anterior view of the single leg squat,upper body inward trunk rotation probable over active muscles - ANSinternal oblique (same side) external oblique opposite side, TFL same side, adductor complex(same side) compensations for the anterior view of the single leg squat,upper body inward trunk rotation probable under active muscles - ANSinternal oblique opposite side, external oblique same side, gluteus medius gluteus maximus
compensations for the anterior view of the single leg squat,upper body outward trunk rotation probable over active muscles - ANSinernal oblique opposite side, external oblique same side, piriformis same side compensations for the anterior view of the single leg squat,upper body outward trunk rotation probable under active muscles - ANSinternal oblique same side, external oblique opposite side, adductor complex same side, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus Concentric - ANSContractile greater than resistive Force connects with a small nerve cell in the spinal cord that inhibits or relaxes the muscle - ANSGolgi Tendon Organ (GTO) Contact phase of the gait cycle - ANSThe subtalar joint pronates creating obligatory internal rotation of the tibia, femur, and pelvis Corrective Exercise - ANSSystematic process of ID nueromusculoskeletal dysfunction, plan of action, and implement integrated corrective strategy
Corrective Exercise Continuum - ANSNuerMuscSkel dysfunction - inhibitory, lengthening, activation, integration technique Cumulative injury cycle - ANSA cycle in which an injury will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesion, altered neuromusclular control, and muscle imbalances. cumulative injury cycle - ANScycle whereby injury will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesion, altered neuromuscular control, and muscle imbalances Davis's law - ANSstates that soft tissue will model along lines of stress de quervain syndrome - ANSinflammation or tendinosis of the sheath that surrounds two tendons that control movement of the thumb deafferentiation - ANSelimination or interruption of sensory nerve impulses by destroying or injuring the sensory nerve fibers Deep cervical flexors - ANSTypically Underactive Deep Longitudinal Sub-System - ANSErector Spinae, thoracic umbra fascia, sacrotuberous ligament, biceps femoris
Deep longitudinal subsystem (DLS) - ANSPrimarily responsible for longitudinal force transmission from the trunk to the ground, and controls ground reaction forces during gait motion deep longitudinal system posterior oblique system anterior oblique system lateral subsystem - ANSfour distinct subsystems of the global muscular system Deltoid and rotator cuff - ANSShoulder abduction distal injuries of IT-band tendentious (runner's knee) - ANSachilles tendentious distal injuries of medial, lateral, and anterior knee pain - ANSposterior tibialis tendonitis (shin splints) distal injuries of patellar tendentious - ANSplanter fasciitis Dorsiflexion - ANSflexion at the ankle
during a OH squat assemssment the compensation of "knees move inward" can be attributed by overactivity of which muscle? - ANSvastus lateralis, adductor complex, biceps femoris (short head), TFL, lat. gastrocnemius during a squat exercise, which of the following muscles serve as a synergist? - ANShamstrings during activation of the anterior tibialis, which of the following is the most appropriate position? - ANSdorsiflexion and inversion During an overhead squat you have low back rounds compensation, which muscles could be underactive? - ANSerector spinae During an overhead squat you have low back rounds compensation, which muscles could be underactive? - ANSerector spinae During an overhead squat you have low back rounds compensation, which muscles could be underactive? - ANSerector spinae
During an overhead squat you notice an asymmetrical weight shift, which muscles could be underactive? - ANSgluteus medius on the side of the shift During an overhead squat you notice an asymmetrical weight shift, which muscles could be underactive? - ANSgluteus medius on the side of the shift During an overhead squat you notice an asymmetrical weight shift, which muscles could be underactive? - ANSgluteus medius on the side of the shift during resistance training, which action by the muscle prevents weight/resistance from accelerating in an uncontrolled manner as a result of gravitational force? - ANSeccentric during seated row exercise the motion occurring at the shoulder joint during the concentric phase of the movement is what? - ANSshoulder extension During the overhead squat assessment, the compensation of knees move inward can be attributed by overactivity of which muscles? - ANSvastus lateralis During the overhead squat assessment, the compensation of knees move inward can be attributed by overactivity of which muscles? - ANSvastus lateralis
During the overhead squat assessment, the compensation of knees move inward can be attributed by overactivity of which muscles? - ANSvastus lateralis during the single leg squat assessment, the compensation of knee valgus can be attributed by overactivity of the.... - ANSTFL during the single-leg squat assessment the compensation of the "inward torso rotation indicates what muscle is overactive? - ANSexternal oblique (opposite side of stance) dynamic movement assessments - ANSassesments that involve a change in one's base of support (lunging, walking, jumping) dynamic posture - ANShow an individual is able to maintain an erect posture while performing functional tasks dynamometry - ANSprocess of measuring forces at work using handheld instrument that measures force of muscle contraction
Dysfunction in the Lateral subsystem (LS) is evident by - ANSincreased pronation of the knee, hip, or feet during walking, squats, lunges or climbing chairs dyskinesis - ANSan alteration in the normal position or motion of the scapula during coupled scapulohumeral movements Erector spinae - ANSTypically Overactive Erector Spinae, Semispinalis, Multifidus, and Quadratus lumborum - ANSSpinal extension and Lateral flexion" eversion of the ankle - ANSsole is turns outwards away from the body Examples of frontal plane movements - ANSSide lunges, lateral shifting, and lateral shoulder raises Examples of sagittal plane movements - ANSCycling, running, shooting a basketball, and squatting Examples of transverse plane movements - ANSThrowing motions, swinging a baseball bat, a hockey slapshot, and cable rotations