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NASM CES Final Exam with 100% verified solutions | RATED A+ | LATEST UPDATE A runner who experiences reoccuring episodes of plantar fascitis, shin splints and patellar tendonitis is most likely affected by which of the following postural distortion syndromes? pronation distortion syndrome An estimated ACL injuries occur annually in the general U.S. population. 80,000 to 100,000 During an overhead squat you notice an asymmetrical weight shift, which muscles could be underactive? gluteus medius on the side of the shift During an overhead squat you have low back rounds compensation, which muscles could be underactive? erector spinae During the overhead squat assessment, the compensation of knees move inward can be attributed by overactivity of which muscles? vastus lateralis Florence and Henry Kendall addressed postural deviations through the relationship of ? agonist-antagonist muscle groups Flexion of the ankle is called dorsiflexion For a foot and ankle impairment what muscle should receive SMR? biceps femoris If the knees move inward what muscles would receive static stretching? TFL If client demonstrates an asymmetric shift which muscles should receive static stretching? TFL same side If low back arches which muscles should receive SMR? Latissimus dorsi Functionally tightened or overactive muscles accompanying the lower extremity movement impairment syndrome include peroneals, gastrocnemius, soleus, hamstrings, IT band, adductors Having an excessive forward lean in an overhead squat during LPHC movement compensation what muscles may be overactive? soleus A low back arch in the overhead squat indicates what muscles are overactive? hip flexors Hips that are shifted off the midline are most likely indicative of load-bearing habits to the side How many postural distortion patterns were identified by Janda? 3 If a client sits all day this in turn can lead to tight that can cause postural imbalances? hip flexors If the client has a hip hike during the single leg squat which muscle is underactive? adductor complex Altered reciprocal inhibition what is the process whereby a synergist compensates for a prime mover to maintain force production? synergistic dominance what motions occur at the knee during lower extremity supination? extension, abduction, external rotation which joint is comprised of the patella and femur? patellafemoral joint which levers are the most common in the body and have pull between the fulcrum and resistance? third class levers which muscle is commonly tight in an individual with lower crossed syndrome? rectus femoris which muscle is repeatedly placed in a shortened position during sitting illiopsoas which is a muscle that is prone to lengthening? infraspinatus which is an example of a predominantly transverse plane movement? radioulnar supination which of the following is an example of predominantly frontal plane movement? side shuffling Which of the following muscles would become synergistically dominant when the gluteus maximus lacks the ability for neural recruitment and force production to properly perform hip extension during functional movements? hamstrings which plane of motion bisects the body into top and bottom halves, and consists of primarily rotational movements? transverse plane which plane of motion consists of primarily flexion and extension movements? sagittal plane which of the following bones comprise the subtalar joint? talus-calcaneus working with arms overhead for long periods of time (such as painting) may lead to shoulder soreness that could be the result of tightness in the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis and weakness in the? rotator cuff Neuromuscular efficiency The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow agonists, antagonists, synergists, and stablilzers to work synergistically to produce, reduce, and dynamically stabilize the kinetic chain in all three planes of motion. Posture The independent and interdependent alignment (static posture) and function (transitional and dynamic posture) of all components of the human movement system at any given moment; controlled by the central nervous system. Structural efficiency The alignment of each segment of the human movement system (HMS), which allows posture to be balanced in relation to one's center of gravity. Functional efficiency The ability of the neuromuscular system to recruit correct muscle synergies, at the right time, with the appropriate amount of force to perform functional tasks with the least amount of energy and stress on the human movement system. Cumulative injury cycle A cycle in which an injury will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesion, altered neuromusclular control, and muscle imbalances. Movement impairment syndrome Refers to the state in which the structural integrity of the human movement system (HMS) is compromised because the components are out of alignment. Active contraction of the muscle to be stretched Passively (or actively) moving to a new end ROM Statically holding new position for 20-30 seconds and repeating 3 times. Neuromuscular stretching Is a technique that involves a process of isometrically contracting a desired muscle in a lengthened position to induce a relazation response on the tissue, allowing it to further elongate. Requires the assistance of another person. Autogenic inhibition The process when neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles What is the origin of the Anterior Tibialis? The lateral condyle and proximal two thirds f the lateral surface of the tibia What is the origin of the Posterior Tibilais ? Proximal two thirds surface of the tibia and fibula What is the origin of the Soleus? Posterior surface of the fibular head and proximal one third of its shaft and the posterior side of the tibia What is the origin of the Gastrocnemius? Posterior aspect of the lateral and medial femoral condyles What is the origin of Peroneus Longus? Lateral condyle of the tibia, head and proximal two thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula What is the origin of the long head of Biceps Femoris? Ischial tuberosity of the pelvis and part of the sacrotuberous ligament What is the origin of the short head of Biceps Femoris? Lower one third of the posterior aspect of the femur What is the origin of Semimembranosus? Ischial tuberosity of the pelvis What is the origin of Semitendinosus? Ischial tuberosity of the pelvis and part of the sacrotuberous ligament What is the origin of Vastus Lateralis? Anterior and inferior border of the greater trochanter, lateral region of the gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur What is the origin of Vastus Medialis? Lower region of the intertrochanteric line, medial lip of the linea aspera, proximal medial supracondylar line of the femur What is the origin of Vastus Intermedius? Anterior-lateral regions of the upper two thirds of the femur What is the origin of Rectus femoris? Anterior-inferior illiac spine of the pelvis What is the origin of Adductor longus ? Anterior surface of the inferior pubic ramus of the pelvis What is the origin of the anterior fibers of Adductor magnus? Ischial ramus of the pelvis What is the origin of the posterior fibers of Adductor magnus? Ischial tuberosity of the pelvis What is the origin of Adductor brevis? Anterior surface of the inferior pubic ramus of the pelvis What is the origin of Gracilis? Anterior aspect of the lower body of the pubis What is the origin of Pectineus? Pectineal line on the superior pubic ramus of the pelvis