NASM CNC Final Exam 2025 NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

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NASM CNC Final Exam 2025 NEWEST

ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND

DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS

(VERIFIED ANSWERS) | A+ GRADE

STUDYGUIDE

A client is looking to change nutritional habits and start a diet consisting of high protein and plenty of fruits and vegetables. Which item represents the best way to initially go about this? Select one: a. Educate the client on the benefits of high protein and high fruit and vegetable intakes. b. Provide the client with a general guide to high protein/low energy-density diets. c. Rely on the person's initial high motivation to help start the diet. d. Establish a specific plan for the diet and how to follow through with it. Correct Answer d. Establish a specific plan for the diet and how to follow through with it. Setting a "red light number" in terms of weight regain as a trigger for action can be useful for maintaining long-term weight loss. This is best categorized under which maintenance-associated factor? Select one: a. Coping capacity b. Self-monitoring

c. Overcoming situational barriers d. Self-efficacy Correct Answer b. Self-monitoring Which item represents a reason for poor long-term weight maintenance statistics? Select one: a. Lack of discipline b. Increased availability of high-carbohydrate foods c. Impaired satiety signals d. Lack of willpower Correct Answer c. Impaired satiety signals A client's previous diet involved a list of "good" or "bad" foods. Which characteristic of successful long-term weight maintenance would be useful for this client? Select one: a. Flexible dietary control b. Intuitive eating c. Managing cravings d. Self-efficacy Correct Answer a. Flexible dietary control Peter consumes a modest fat intake of 30% of total calories. Peter is sticking with a 2,500-calorie diet to help lose some weight. How many calories should he consume from fat each day? Select one: a. 650 calories b. 950 calories c. 850 calories d. 750 calories Correct Answer d. 750 calories

Based on the most recent evidence, what is the upper range of protein intake that maximizes muscle growth? Select one: a. 3.6-4.2 g/kg/day b. 0.5-0.8 g/kg/day c. 1.6-2.2 g/kg/day d. 0.2-0.4 g/kg/day Correct Answer c. 1.6-2.2 g/kg/day What are the guidelines for carbohydrate intake for strength or power athletes? Select one: a. 3-4 g/kg/day b. about 12 g/kg/day c. 5-6 g/kg/day d. 1-2 g/kg/day Correct Answer c. 5-6 g/kg/day Peter, the 40-year-old business executive, needs to determine how many grams of protein to eat each day. He weighs 100 kg. His protein intake has been set at 1.6 g/kg. How much protein should he eat per day? Select one: a. 60 grams b. 160 grams c. 260 grams d. 360 grams Correct Answer b. 160 grams A new client likes to consume large amounts of alcohol on a regular basis but he has a weight-loss health goal. What should the Nutrition Coach advise him in regard to his energy intake?

A. Focus on getting the right balance of macronutrients before worrying about alcohol. B. Increase exercise frequency to account for the excess energy provided by alcohol. C. Reduce energy intake by limiting alcohol consumption. D. Reduce the intake of other macronutrients to accommodate energy from alcohol. Correct Answer C. Reduce energy intake by limiting alcohol consumption. For males, high levels of ethanol consumption are closely associated with what? A. Excess belly fat B. Improved muscle mass C. High lean-body mass D. Low body mass index Correct Answer A. Excess belly fat According to the USAUDIT-C, harmful alcohol consumption is indicated by scoring above which of the following thresholds? A. 3 for males and 2 for females B. 4 for males and 3 for females C. 7 for males and 5 for females D. 8 for males and 6 for females Correct Answer C. 7 for males and 5 for females Based on research, which group of college athletes is more likely to regularly consume alcohol at hazardous levels?

A. Intercollegiate athletes B. Intramural/club athletes C. Athletes from individual sports D. All athletes are equally likely to consume hazardous levels of alcohol. Correct Answer B. Intramural/club athletes Based on the U.S. style eating pattern, how much energy should come from discretionary sources? A. 5% B. 8% C. 14% D. 18% Correct Answer C. 14% An alcohol-related reduction in which hormone can lead to muscle loss? A. Estrogen B. Insulin C. Cortisol D. Testosterone Correct Answer D. Testosterone Alcoholics often suffer from structural and functional damage to their brain as a result of a deficiency in which vitamin? A. Thiamine B. Riboflavin C. Niacin

D. Vitamin C Correct Answer A. Thiamine Why is breath alcohol level used as a measure of intoxication? A. Because a small amount of ethanol stays in the mouth after being consumed B. Because the end products of alcohol metabolism are excreted in the breath and can be measured by a breathalyzer C. Because small amounts of ethanol are excreted in the breath D. Because ethanol in the blood flowing to the mouth and head is excreted through the tissue inside the mouth Correct Answer C. Because small amounts of ethanol are excreted in the breath What effect can regular consumption of high levels of alcohol have on an individual's health? A. Brings about positive health benefits B. Has no effect on health C. Improves the health of males more than females D. Increases the risk of a large number of diseases Correct Answer D. Increases the risk of a large number of diseases When working with a client who has been complaining of low back pain that has been getting worse, what is the most appropriate recommendation?

A. Refer her to a certified personal trainer. B. Tell her to use a heating pad when the pain gets bad. C. Refer her to a chiropractor. D. Recommend use of over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications. Correct Answer C. Refer her to a chiropractor. With which client would it be most appropriate for the Nutrition Coach to work? A. Elite clients competing in a national Ironman B. Clients who want testing for vitamin deficiency C. Clients with inconsistent weight loss and gain D. Clients trying an elimination diet to identify food sensitivities Correct Answer C. Clients with inconsistent weight loss and gain According to the scope of practice for a Nutrition Coach, which is an example of an appropriate resource for determining daily caloric intake? A. ADA calculations based on age, gender, and activity level B. Body type and cultural preferences C. Dietary Guidelines for Americans D. The Nutrition Coach cannot assist with daily caloric intake. Correct Answer C. Dietary Guidelines for Americans

During a regular meeting, a client is complaining of irregular gastrointestinal issues, ranging from diarrhea to constipation. What is the best course of action? A. Closely monitor his situation and re-evaluate during the next meeting. B. Evaluate his prescription medications to look for similar side effects. C. Advise him to eat more vegetables and drink more water. D. Advise him to make an appointment with his personal physician. Correct Answer D. Advise him to make an appointment with his personal physician. A new client has just moved into the area. She states that she occasionally suffers from anxiety and panic attacks and needs to renew her prescription medications. To which healthcare professional should she be referred? A. Podiatrist B. Physiologist C. Physiotherapist D. Psychiatrist Correct Answer D. Psychiatrist One of the roles of a Nutrition Coach is to help facilitate weight loss. Which of the following would be most appropriate to recommend for the overweight client? A. Limit carbohydrates to 35% of the diet. B. Give up bread and avoid gluten.

C. Refer to a certified personal trainer for a resistance training program. D. Drink a protein shake instead of eating lunch. Correct Answer C. Refer to a certified personal trainer for a resistance training program. Where should client files be kept to ensure client confidentiality? A. In an electronic version only B. With the client C. In the manager's office D. In a locked and secure location Correct Answer D. In a locked and secure location A Nutrition Coach has been working with an overweight client for 6 weeks. During the most recent weight-in, they discover that she has lost 27 pounds. What is the best course of action for the Nutrition Coach? A. Congratulate her for a job well done. B. Informally question her about common eating disorder traits/habits. C. Add an additional 300-500 calories to her daily intake. D. Suggest she limit her exercise to twice per week. Correct Answer B. Informally question her about common eating disorder traits/habits. According to the SCOFF eating disorder assessment, what is the minimum number of positive answers which might indicate an eating disorder?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 5 Correct Answer B. 2 A Nutrition Coach is sitting down with a new client for her initial evaluation. She noted on her Health History Questionnaire that she has never been able to maintain permanent weight loss and confides that she has made herself throw up after eating large meals. What is the best course of action? A. Refer her to a clinical psychologist. B. Tell her she has bulimia and refer her to a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist. C. Tell her she may have anorexia and refer her to a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist. D. Move forward with the client sessions but monitor her closely for any more self-induced vomiting. Correct Answer A. Refer her to a clinical psychologist With which client would it be most appropriate for the Nutrition Coach to work? A. Overweight client who wants to train for a 10K B. Client who wants nutrition therapy for cancer prevention C. Pre-pubescent teenager who is overweight D. Client who wants accountability during a 9-week extreme calorie-restricted diet Correct Answer A. Overweight client who wants to train for a 10K

Which of the following can a Nutrition Coach provide? A. Nutritional advice and behavioral modification B. Nutritional advice and behavioral counseling C. Nutritional advice and behavioral prognosis D. Nutritional advice and behavioral prescriptions Correct Answer A. Nutritional advice and behavioral modification To ensure the client is retaining any shared information, it is important that the content presented is perceived to be important and what other quality? A. Easy to understand B. Based on prior experience C. Delivered slowly D. Reviewed several times Correct Answer B. Based on prior experience Any research article on diet and nutrition should be scrutinized for which of the following? A. Reliability and validity B. References and values C. Resources and volume D. Recall and verbiage Correct Answer A. Reliability and validity To ensure the client is retaining any shared information, it is important that the content presented is highly relevant and what other quality?

A. Pertinent B. Practical C. Brief D. Visual Correct Answer B. Practical Which statement best describes the healthcare continuum? A. The health status of a client from sickness to wellness B. The many disciplines that make up the healthcare system C. The number of physician specialists that are in the healthcare system D. The type of alternative health practices that are legitimately recognized Correct Answer B. The many disciplines that make up the healthcare system A new client is 6-weeks post-partum. She states that she has very little energy and feels sadness most of the time. What is the most appropriate course of action? A. Call 911. B. Contact her spouse to discuss options. C. Refer her to a clinical psychiatrist. D. Closely monitor her situation. Correct Answer C. Refer her to a clinical psychiatrist. Which statement is within the scope of practice for a Nutrition Coach?

A. Design a 5-day meal plan for a healthy client. B. Recommend the client discuss supplement usage and dosing with their pharmacist or physician. C. Recommend a diet that contains up to 50% protein. D. Provide general advice on a 3-day detox plan. Correct Answer B. Recommend the client discuss supplement usage and dosing with their pharmacist or physician. Common assessments performed by a Nutrition Coach include height, weight, body composition, and what other test? A. Blood pressure B. Anthropometric measurements C. Hydrostatic weighing D. SCOFF test Correct Answer B. Anthropometric measurements Where might a Nutrition Coach find reputable information on recent dietary guidelines? A. Popular magazines B. Government-funded agencies C. Private, for-profit supplement companies D. Celebrity blogs Correct Answer B. Government-funded agencies Clients often confide in the Nutrition Coach. Which client conversation would be grounds for a referral to a licensed healthcare professional?

A. Slow weight loss of 1/2 pound per week (0.22 kg) B. Late-night ice cream binging C. Chronic fatigue D. Occasional sleeplessness Correct Answer C. Chronic fatigue A client confides that she is taking laxatives to help her lose weight. What is the best course of action? A. Refer her to a Registered Dietitian. B. Tell her to eat more fiber as that will help. C. Refer her to a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist. D. Tell her that regular use of laxatives are bad for her digestive tract. Correct Answer C. Refer her to a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist. It is not uncommon for clients to confide in the Nutrition Coach. Which client conversation would be grounds for a referral to a licensed healthcare professional? A. Daily panic attacks B. Stress-eating from recent divorce C. Occasional constipation D. Self-proclaimed "sugar addict" Correct Answer A. Daily panic attacks A client has several relatives who have recently been diagnosed with cancer. She has been reading many books about natural health and is interested in taking herbal supplements that will help prevent cancer. What is the best course of action?

A. Visit a health food store together. B. Refer her to a pharmacist or her physician. C. Tell her to save her money and stay away from herbal remedies. D. Tell her to follow the guidelines of the books she read. Correct Answer B. Refer her to a pharmacist or her physician. A Nutrition Coach is sitting down with a new client for her initial evaluation. She noted on her Health History Questionnaire that she has diabetes and she has trouble keeping her blood glucose controlled. What is the best course of action? A. Advise her to cut back on her simple carbohydrates at each meal. B. Inform her that when she loses 10% of her body weight, her blood glucose will be easier to manage. C. Refer her to a Registered Dietitian. D. Refer her to a Certified Diabetes Educator. Correct Answer D. Refer her to a Certified Diabetes Educator. Scientists perform a diet study in which they assign half the people to a continuous dieting group and the other half to an intermittent fasting group. Which term best describes this study design? A. Observational B. Crossover C. Parallel

D. Factorial Correct Answer C. Parallel Which of the following is an example of descriptive research? A. Cohort study B. Survey C. Randomized controlled trial D. Meta-analysis Correct Answer B. Survey Scientists perform a study comparing 1000 women with breast cancer to 1000 women without breast cancer. They gather information on the women's diets and look to see if the women diagnosed with breast cancer had more fat in their diet compared to the women who did not get cancer. Which term best describes this study? A. Cross-sectional study B. Case-control study C. Cohort study D. Survey Correct Answer B. Case-control study Which term best describes formulation of a hypothesis, collecting data to test the hypothesis, and changing or discarding the hypothesis when the data does not support it? A. Evidence-based practice B. Primary research C. Science D. Scientific method Correct Answer D. Scientific method

Fructose has been shown in studies to have adverse effects on blood triglycerides when consumed in excess of calorie needs. However, moderate doses of fructose have been shown to have no effect. Which of the following items best describes the conclusion that should be drawn from this data? A. There is no reason to ever restrict fructose intake. B. Fructose should be limited in the diet as much as possible. C. Fructose intake poses no risk to triglycerides when consumed within energy needs, but caution is warranted if calorie intake is high. D. There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions as to the impact of fructose intake on triglycerides. Correct Answer C. Fructose intake poses no risk to triglycerides when consumed within energy needs, but caution is warranted if calorie intake is high. Which term refers to a proposed explanation for a set of observations? A. Randomized controlled trial B. Theory C. Hypothesis D. Prediction Correct Answer C. Hypothesis Scientists perform a study tracking 10,000 people over a 10 - year period. They look at their sugar intake at the beginning of the study and then see who develops

diabetes over the study duration. Which term best describes this study? A. Survey B. Cross-sectional study C. Case-control study D. Cohort study Correct Answer D. Cohort study Scientists gather 20 studies looking at the relationship between protein intake and lean body mass, and then they statistically analyze them together as a group. What type of study is this? A. Narrative review B. Observational research C. Randomized controlled trials D. Meta-analysis Correct Answer D. Meta-analysis Scientists randomly assign subjects to a low or high carbohydrate group and then look at changes in body weight over 3 months. Which item represents the independent variable in this study? A. Length of study (3 months) B. Body weight C. Diet type D. Subjects Correct Answer C. Diet type A scientist proposes that sugar is inherently fattening, independent of its calorie content. If that proposal is true, then that would mean that high-sugar diets should

increase fat gain independent of their calorie content. What term describes this potential consequence? A. Theory B. Hypothesis C. Prediction D. Conclusion Correct Answer C. Prediction Which observational study design allows scientists to hypothesize a potential causal association? A. Case study B. Cross-sectional study C. Case-control study D. Cohort study Correct Answer D. Cohort study Which of the following represents a critical evaluation of a study by other scientists? A. Systematic review B. Peer review C. Narrative review D. Scientific method Correct Answer B. Peer review The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) involves collecting health-related information via telephone interview across the United States. Which term best describes this research? A. Case study B. Case-control study

C. Cohort study D. Survey Correct Answer D. Survey Which term refers to the ability to get similar results when something is measured under the same conditions? A. Test-retest reliability B. Generalizability C. Validity D. External validity Correct Answer A. Test-retest reliability Scientists find that a protein supplement increases lean mass in the elderly. However, they caution that the results may not apply to other populations, like younger people. What term best describes what the scientists are referring to? A. Selection bias B. Reliability C. External validity D. Test-retest reliability Correct Answer C. External validity Which item represents a high quality, non-peer reviewed source of information? A. Narrative Review B. Systematic Review C. Academic Textbook D. Position Stand Correct Answer C. Academic Textbook

Which term refers to a hypothesis or set of hypotheses for which a large body of high quality evidence has been accumulated? A. Randomized controlled trial B. Prediction C. Scientific method D. Theory Correct Answer D. Theory Scientists randomly assign subjects to a low or high carbohydrate group and then look at changes in body weight over 3 months. Which item represents the independent variable in this study? A. Length of study (3 months) B. Body weight C. Subjects D. Diet type Correct Answer D. Diet type Scientists perform a study looking at the effects of caffeine on vertical jump performance. On one day, they give all the subjects caffeine followed by vertical jump tests. Two weeks later, they give all the subjects a placebo followed by the same vertical jump tests. Which term best describes this study design? A. Factorial B. Crossover C. Parallel D. Observational Correct Answer B. Crossover

Which term encompasses the weight of the scientific evidence, field observations, and individual client needs? A. Primary research B. Science C. Scientific method D. Evidence-based practice Correct Answer D. Evidence- based practice Which of the following represents the lowest level of evidence?

1. Observational research
2. Non-peer reviewed media
3. Peer reviewed editorials and expert opinion
4. Randomized controlled trials Correct Answer 2. Non- peer reviewed media Which of the following represents a strength of observational studies? A. Can establish cause and effect B. Can determine mechanisms for effects C. Large subject numbers D. High degree of control Correct Answer C. Large subject numbers Which term describes the phenomena when a group does not represent the population a scientist is intending to study?

A. Uncontrolled variable B. Generalizability C. Selection bias D. Recall bias Correct Answer C. Selection bias Scientists find that a protein supplement increases lean mass in the elderly. However, they caution that the results may not apply to other populations, like younger people. What term best describes what the scientists are referring to? A. External validity B. Selection bias C. Test-retest reliability D. Reliability Correct Answer A. External validity Seven studies show Diet A lowers cholesterol more than Diet B. Three studies show no difference. Assuming all the studies are equivalent in quality, which item best describes this situation? A. The weight of the evidence suggests Diet A is more effective for lowering cholesterol than Diet B, but more data is needed. B. There are insufficient studies to conclude that Diet A lowers cholesterol more than Diet B. C. It is unknown whether Diet A lowers cholesterol more than Diet B. D. The weight of the evidence suggests that Diet A and B are equivalent in their ability to lower cholesterol. Correct Answer A. The weight of the evidence suggests Diet A is

more effective for lowering cholesterol than Diet B, but more data is needed. Scientists gather 20 studies looking at the relationship between protein intake and lean body mass, and then they statistically analyze them together as a group. What type of study is this? A. Narrative review B. Meta-analysis C. Randomized controlled trials D. Observational research Correct Answer B. Meta- analysis A scientist proposes that sugar is inherently fattening, and performs a study comparing a high-sugar diet to a low- sugar diet with equal calories. He finds that fat gain was the same between the diets. Which term describes how this study effects the initial proposal? A. Falsification B. Scientific method C. Prediction D. Validity Correct Answer A. Falsification A scientist observes that people tend to perform better in a weight training session after consuming a pre-workout supplement. The scientist proposes that the caffeine in the supplement is increasing arousal, leading to increased performance. Which term best describes this scientist's proposal?

A. Prediction B. Hypothesis C. Theory D. Conclusion Correct Answer B. Hypothesis Scientists take 5000 people and have them fill out questionnaires on their dairy intake. They then compare cancer rates between people with high intakes and low intakes. What type of study is this? A. Observational B. Randomized controlled trial C. Meta-analysis D. Anecdotal Correct Answer A. Observational Scientists perform a study comparing 1000 women with breast cancer to 1000 women without breast cancer. They gather information on the women's diets and look to see if the women diagnosed with breast cancer had more fat in their diet compared to the women who did not get cancer. Which term best describes this study? A. Cross-sectional study B. Case-control study C. Cohort study D. Survey Correct Answer B. Case-control study Which statement best describes science? A. It is the use of evidence to construct explanations and predictions of natural phenomena. B. It is the use of anecdotes to explain observations.