NASM CPT Final Exam with 100% correct answers 2023, Exams of Community Corrections

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NASM CPT Final Exam with 100% correct

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 Medial - Correct answer the midline of the body  distal - Correct answer further away from the midline of the body  proximal - Correct answer closer to the midline of the body  ipsilateral - Correct answer on the same side of the body  contralateral - Correct answer on the opposite side of the body  inferior - Correct answer below the midline  superior - Correct answer above the midline  anterior - Correct answer front of the body  posterior - Correct answer back of the body  Golgi Tendon Organs - Correct answer Senses Muscle Tension  Relaxes muscle in response  Normal reaction to avoid injury  Structure of the heart - Correct answer Hollow, muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by means of rhytmic contraction. Positioned in thoracic cavity, lying anteriorly(in front) to the spine and posteriorly(behind) the sternum.  Atrium - Correct answer Superior(upper) chamber of the heart that receives blood from veins and forces it into ventricles. Deoxygenated blood.  ventricles - Correct answer Inferior(lower) chamber of the heart receives blood from its corresponding atrium and forces blood into arteries.  Diastolic - Correct answer pressure where the arteries are filling with blood. bottom number in a blood test  systolic - Correct answer top number in a blood test.  Healthy Diastolic and Systolic pressure ranges - Correct answer 120/80 or less than 120 systolic and less than 80 diastolic  Davis Law - Correct answer soft tissue models along the lines of stress  Sliding Filament theory - Correct answer a sarcomere shortens as a result of the Z lines moving closer together 2. the Z lines converge as the result of myosin heads attaching to the actin

filament and asynchronously pulling (power strokes) the actin filament across the myosin, resulting in shortening of the muscle fiber.  saggital plane of motion - Correct answer split the body to left and right sides  frontal - Correct answer split the body front and back halfs  transverse - Correct answer split the body the top and bottom halves  exercises in the saggital plane of motion - Correct answer bicep curls, Leg Extensions and Leg Curls. Leg extensions and leg curls target your quadriceps and hamstrings, respectively. ...  Front Dumbbell Raises. ...  Crunches. ...  Barbell Biceps Curls.  exercises in the frontal plane of motion - Correct answer side lunge, lateral dumbbell raise, ice skater  exercises in the transverse plane of motion - Correct answer rotation, wood-chop throw, medicine ball rotation chest pass  Hydrogen concepts for water and sports drinks - Correct answer consume 3L of water a day. That's 13 cups. Consume sports drink if longer than 60 minutes of exercise. 8% carbs. 16-24 fl oz for every pound of body weight lost after exercise.  best ways to achieve weight loss through nutritional concepts - Correct answer Small decreases in food and beverage calories and increase physical activity.  Distribute protein, carbs, and fat throughout day.  Consume less than 10% of cals from saturated fat.  Choose whole grains and fiber rich fruits and veggies over refined grains and simple sugars.  Limit alcohol.  Schedule no fewer than four and as many as six meals a day.  Avoid empty calories and highly processed foods.  Drink plenty of water(minimum 9 to 13 cups a day)  Have clients weigh and measure food at least 1 week. Make them more aware of caloric values and serving sizes.  Recommended macronutrient percentages - Correct answer Protein: 10-35%  Fat: 20-35%  Carbohydrate: 45-65%  best time to consume macronutrients during activity - Correct answer 6 and 10g/kg/day of carbs is recommended. 45 to 65% of total caloric intake. Complex carbs constitute majority of calories.  Before exercise consume high carb meal 2 to 4 hours. Glycogen stores are lowered by as much as 80% in the mornings.  Endurance athletes consume between 30 and 60g of carbs every hour to maintain blood glucose levels.  calories per gram in each macronutrient - Correct answer carbs- 4 calories/gram

 fats- 9 calories/gram  protein- 4 calories/gram  what should you eat 2 hours before a workout to ensure you have enough glycogen stored - Correct answer a baked potato

• Energy pathways and when they are utilized in exercise (e.g., which ones  are most likely being used during a 40-yard sprint vs. a 90-minute  endurance race?). - Correct answer a 90 minute endurance- aerobic metabolism  a 40 yd sprint: ATP phosphocreatine  Scope of Practice of a fitness professional and nutrition. - Correct answer We are not to diagnose, treat, or make up any meal plans. We refer a licensed physician, therapist, and dietician.  muscle imbalances: overactive vs underactive - Correct answer Knees Abduct - Tight and Weak Musculature  Tight Musculature: Biceps Femoris, Iliopsoas, Piriformis  Weak Musculature: Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Maximus  Knees Abduct - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Ilipsoas, Biceps Femoris, Piriformis  Core Strengthening Exercises: Bridge  Balance Progression: Single-leg Balance, Single-leg Reach, Single-leg Squat  Asymmetrical Weight Shifting - Tight and Weak Musculature  Tight Musculature: Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Biceps Femoris, Adductors, Iliotibial Band, Ilipsoas, Piriformis  Weak Musculature: Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Maximus, Transversus Abdominis, Multifidi  Asymmetrical Weight Shifting - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Ilipsoas, Biceps Femoris, Piriformis  Core Strengthening Exercises: Bridge  Balance Progression: Single-leg Balance, Single-leg Reach, Single-leg Squat  *Low Back Arches (Anterior Tilt) - Tight and Weak Musculature  Tight Musculature: Hip Flexor Complex, Erector Spinae, Latissimus Dorsi  Weak Musculature: Gluteus Maximus, Hamstrings, Intrinsic Core Stabilizers (Transverse Abdominus, Multifidus, Transversospinalis, Internal Obliques, Pelvic Floor Muscles)  *Low Back Arches (Anterior Tilt) - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Hip Flexor Complex, Latissimus Dorsi, Erector Spinae

 Core Strengthening Exercises: Marching, Bridge  Resistance Strengthening: Ball Squats  Balance Progression: Single-leg Balance, Single-leg Reach, Single-leg Squat  Low Back Rounds (Posterior Tilt) - Tight and Weak Musculature  Tight Musculature: External Obliques, Rectus Abdominis, Hamstrings  Weak Musculature: Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Maximus, Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Complex, Stabilization Mechanism  Low Back Rounds (Posterior Tilt) - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: External Obliques, Rectus Abdominis, Hamstrings  Core Strengthening Exercises: Bridge  Balance Progression: Single-leg Balance, Single-leg Reach, Single-leg Squat  Abdomen Protrudes - Tight and Weak Msuculature  Tight Musculature: Ilipsoas  Weak Musculature: Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Complex, Stabilization Mechanism  Abdomen Protrudes - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Iliopsoas  Core Strengthening Exercises: Bridge  Balance Progression: Single-leg Balance, Single-leg Reach, Single-leg Squat  *Excessive Forward Lean - Tight and Weak Musculature  Tight Musculature: Soleus, Gastrocnemius, Hip Flexor Complex, Abdominal Complex  Weak Musculature: Anterior Tibialis, Gluteus Maximus, Erector Spinae  *Excessive Forward Lean - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Hip Flexor Complex, Abdominal Complex, Soleus, Gastrocnemius, Piriformis  Core Strengthening: Bridge  Resistance Strengthening: Ball Squats  Balance Progression: Single-leg Balance, Single-leg Reach, Single-leg Squat  *Arms Fall Forward - Tight and Weak Musculature  Tight Musculature: Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Pectoralis Major/Minor

 Weak Musculature: Middle and Lower Trapezius, Rhomboids, Rotator Cuff  *Arms Fall Forward - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Latissimus Dorsi, Thoracic Spine  Core Strengthening: Bridge, Prone Cobra  Resistance Strengthening: Squat to Row  Balance Progression: Single-leg Balance, Single-leg Reach, Single-leg Squat  Elbows Flex - Tight and Weak Musculature  Tight Musculature: Pectoralis Major  Weak Musculature: Middle and Lower Trapezius  Elbows Flex - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Pectoralis Major  Core Strengthening: Prone Cobra  Resistance Strengthening: Squat to Row  Balance Progression: Single-leg Scaption  Shoulder Blades Protracted - Tight and Weak Musculature  Tight Musculature: Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Latissimus Dorsi  Weak Musculature: Rhomboids, Middle and Lower Trapezius, Teres Minor, Infraspinatus  Shoulder Blades Protracted - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Latissimus Dorsi  Core Strengthening: Prone Cobra  Resistance Strengthening: Squat to Row  Balance Progression: Single-leg Scaption  *Shoulder Elevation - Tight and Weak Musculature  Tight Musculature: Upper Trapezius, Scalenes, Levator Scapulae  Weak Musculature: Middle and Lower Trapezius, Rhomboids, Rotator Cuff  *Shoulder Elevation - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Upper Trapezius, Scalenes, Levator Scapulae  Core Strengthening: Prone Cobra

 Resistance Strengthening: Ball Cobra  Balance Progression: Single-leg Scaption  *Forward Head - Tight and Weak Musculature  Tight Musculature: Upper Trapezius, Scalenes, Levator Scapulae  Weak Musculature: Deep Cervical Flexors (Longus Coli, Longus Capitus)  *Forward Head - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Upper Trapezius, Scalenes, Levator Scapulae  Core Strengthening: Prone Cobra  Resistance Strengthening: Keep head in neutral position during all exercises  Balance Progression: Single-leg Scaption  subjective assessments - Correct answer gathered from a propsective client to give the personal trainer feedback regarding personal history - such as occupation, lifestyle, and medical background.  objective assessments - Correct answer Physiological Measurements-Heart Rate and Blood Pressure  Body Composition- Body Fat Percentage,Circumference Measurements, Waist to Hip Ratio, Body Mass Index  Cardiorespiratory Assessments- YMCA 3 Minute Step Test, Rockport Walk Test  Static Posture Assessments- Kinetic Chain Check Points  Movement Assessments (Dynamic Posture)- Overhead Squat Assessment, Single Leg Squat, Pushing and Pulling Assessments  Performance Assessments- Push Up Test, Davies Test, Shark Skill Test, Bench Press, and lastly squat.  body composition - Correct answer refers to the relative % of body weight that is fat VS fat-free tissue  What is the recommended BF for men? - Correct answer 15%  What is the recommended BF for women? - Correct answer 25%  The Durnin-Womersely skinfold measurement sites - Correct answer Bicep vertical, tricep vertical, subscapular 45 degree fold, iliac crest 45 degree fold  Reasons for taking circumference measurements - Correct answer when someone is too obese for the skinfold measurement or the underwater weighing  Synergistic dominance. - Correct answer when weak prime mover muscles slow down secondary muscles pick up the slack.

 reciprocal inhibition - Correct answer simultaneous relaxation of one muscle and the contraction of its antagonist to allow movement to take place.  protocol for measuring a person's radial pulse - Correct answer l(inside wrist).  Normal ranges for heart rate and blood pressure. - Correct answer blood pressure 120/.80 and heart rate 60-100 bpm  Assessments that can be performed on special populations (e.g., a  pregnant client) - Correct answer Push, pull, overhead squat  Single-leg squat or balance  Correct exercises in relation to the OPT model - Correct answer core, flexibility, saq, plyometric, balance, resistance  Corrective flexibility - Correct answer Corrective flexibility is designed to increase joint ROM, improve muscle imbalances, and correct altered joint motion. Corrective flexibility includes self- myofascial release(foam roll) techniques and static stretching. Self-myofascial release uses the principle of autogenic inhibition to cause muscle relaxation, whereas static stretching can use either autogenic inhibition or reciprocal inhibition to increase muscle length depending on how the stretch is performed. Corrective flexibility is appropriate at the stabilization level (phase I) of the OPT model.  Active Flexibility - Correct answer Active flexibility uses self-myofascial release and active- isolated stretching techniques. Active-isolated stretching is designed to improve the extensibility of soft tissue and increase neuromuscular efficiency by using reciprocal inhibition. Active-isolated stretching allows for agonists and synergists muscles to move a limb through a full range of motion while functional antagonists are being stretched. For example, supine straight-leg raise uses hip flexors and quads to raise leg and hold it unsupported, whiel antagonist hamstring complex is stretched. Active flexibility appropriate at strength levels(phase 2,3, and 4) of OPT model.  Functional Flexibility - Correct answer Functional flexibility uses self-myofascial release techniques and dynamic stretching. Dynamic stretching requires integrated, multiplanar soft tissue extensibility, with optimal neuromuscular control, through the full range of motion, or essentially movement without compensations. Therefore, if clients are compensating when performing dynamic stretches during training, then they need to be regressed to active or corrective flexibility. Appropriate at power leve(level 5  youth programming - Correct answer Overhead squats  10 push ups (if 10 cannot be performed, do as many as can be tolerated)  Single-leg stance (if can tolerate perform 3-5 single-leg squats per leg)Progression for the youth population should be based on postural control and not on the amount of weight that can be used.  Make exercising fun!  acute variables for each opt phase - Correct answer Muscular endurance and stabilization is best developed with intensity of 50 to 70% 1RM

 Hypertrophy achieved with 75 to 85% 1RM  Maximal strength with 85 to 100% 1RM  Power with 30 to 45% 1RM  The concept of triple extension is and how it applies to exercise - Correct answer While performing cable rotation, in order to decrease stress to the low back, it is important to pivot the back leg into triple extension: hip extension, knee extension, and ankle plantarflexion  Aspects of proper spotting technique. - Correct answer spot the wrists on a strength exercise  Appropriate tempo for all exercises. - Correct answer Muscular endurance and stabilization is best developed with slow rep tempo. One example would be 4 sec eccentric, 2 sec isometric, 1 sec concentric(4/2/1).  Hypertrophy is achieved at moderate tempo, one example would be 2 second eccentric, 0 isometric, and 2 second concentric.(2/0/2)  The Flexibility Continuum - Correct answer corrective, active, and functional  precontemplation stage transthoeretical model - Correct answer never have exercised and dont plan to  contemplation stage transthoeretical model - Correct answer never have exercised might take action but no certainty  preparation stage transthoeretical model - Correct answer plan to take action within the next 6 months  action stage transthoeretical model - Correct answer exercise regularly but it hasnt been for 6months just yet. plan to maintain  maintenance stage transthoeretical model - Correct answer have exercised regularly for more than six months and have maintained a healthy lifestyle.  termination stage transthoeretical model - Correct answer maintained a healthy lifestyle and will not give in to the temptations to go back to their old ways.  SMART goals - Correct answer Specific - clearly defined in such a way anyone could understand what the intended outcome is. Detailed description of what is to be accomplished.  Measureable - Quantifiable. Establish a way to access the progress toward each goal. If goal cannot be measured a client cannot manage it.  Attainable - Right mix of goals that are challenging, but not extreme.  Realistic - Repesent objective toward which an individual is both willing and able to work.  Timely - Always have a specific date of completion. Realistic but not too distant in the future.  coaching and communication strategies - Correct answer Difference between success and failure in relationship between trainer and his or her client.  Nonverbal and verbal communication - posture, body language, verbal must be clear to be understood correctly.

 Active listening - genuine interest in client's perspective and getting to know them. Pay attention, avoid distractions, look the speaker in the eye.  Asking questions - ask open not close ended questions.  Reflecting - Express the purported meaning of what you just heard. Make sure client is accurately understood.  Summarizing - Draws all important points of conversation together and again allow clients to clarify either what they have said or how someone has interpreted what they have said.  Affirmations show appreciation for clients and their strengths. Listen carefully to know what to affirm. Validate positive comments about their thoughts, plans, skills.  Asking permission - ask permission to share information.  Positive self-talk - Correct answer Help clients become aware of their negative thought process. Help clients come up with list of positive thoughts they might use with regard to exercise. Train clients to notice negative thoughts, stop negative thoughts, and translate those into something positive.  Exercise imagery - Correct answer process created to produce internalized experiences to support or enhance exercise participation. Clients can imagine themselves approaching their activity with greater confidence. Visualize performing with greater relaxation and muscle control. Rehearse positive outcomes.  Application to goal-setting principles (e.g., what can a trainer do to help a  client reach their goals?). - Correct answer Self-monitoring  -usually done in the form of daily written record of the behavior that a client is trying to change  -exercise log  -inclue time, exercises, calories expended, and perceived heart rate, how much sleep at night, type of foods eaten, emotional feelings  Psyching Up  -use other techniques used to get psyched up for other situation in life  -important to use outside examples of how your client gets psyched up for work, shopping, projects  -list of positive thoughts, keywords, imagery, specific food, music  -figuring out what works in different situations on different days and during different times  smart goal - Correct answer I wanna run a five k in 45 days  recertification - Correct answer 2.0 CEUs every 2 years  meal planning - Correct answer is not part of our scope of practice. we refer to a licensed dietician

• Diagnosing disease or injury - Correct answer not part of our scope of practice refer to a licensed physician  Likely referral sources for a personal trainer. - Correct answer athletic trainer, doctor, and dietician massage therapist  muscle imbalances: overactive vs underactive - Correct answer Feet Flatten - Tight and Weak Musculature

 Tight Musculature: Gastrocnemius, Peroneals  Weak Musculature: Gluteus Medius, Anterior Tibialis, Posterior Tibialis  Feet Flatten - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Gastrocnemius, Peroneals  Core Strengthening Exercises: Bridge  Balance Progression: Single-leg Balance, Single-leg Reach, Single-leg Squat  muscle imbalances: overactive vs underactive - Correct answer Heels Elevate - Tight and Weak Musculature  Tight Musculature: Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Peroneals  Weak Musculature: Anterior Tibialis, Posterior Tibialis  Heels Elevate - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Peroneals  Core Strengthening Exercises: Bridge  Balance Progression: Single leg Balance, Single-leg Balance Reach  muscle imbalances: overactive vs underactive - Correct answer *Feet Turn Out - Tight and Weak Musculature  Tight Musculature: Lateral Gastrocnemius, Bicep Femoris (short head)  Weak Musculature: medial gastrocnemius, medial hamstring, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus  *Feet Turn Out - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Lateral Gastrocnemius, Bicep Femoris (short head)  Core Strengthening Exercises: Bridge  Balance Progression: Single-leg Balance, Single-leg Reach, Single-leg Squat  muscle imbalances: overactive vs underactive - Correct answer *Knees Adduct - Tight and Weak Musculature  Tight Musculature: Adductor Complex, Bicep femoris (short head), TFL, Vastus Lateralis  Weak Musculature: Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Maximus, Vastus Medialis Obliques  *Knees Adduct - Corrective Strategies  SMR and Static/Active Stretch: Adductor Complex, Bicep femoris (short head), TFL, Vastus lateralis, Iliotibial Bands  Core Strengthening Exercises: Bridge  Resistance Strengthening: Tube Walking

 Balance Progression: Single-leg Balance, Single-leg Reach, Single-leg Squat  muscle imbalances: overactive vs underactive - Correct answer  exercise tolerance - Correct answer increased ability to perform more exercise in less time w/out undue fatigue or excessive soreness  metabolic conditioning - Correct answer exercise that improves w/ effective and efficient energy storage and delivery for physical activity  acidosis - Correct answer the accumulation of excessive hydrogen ions in the body, causing increased acidity of the blood and muscle.  center of gravity (COG) - Correct answer the area within an object at which the weight is equally balanced in all directions generally around the navel.  fascia - Correct answer web of connective tissues that wraps and surrounds muscle fibers, bones, nerves, and blood vessels. The myofascial system covers individual muscle as well as connecting groups of larger muscles together.  movement preparation - Correct answer systematic implementation of flexibility, core, balance, reactive, and SAQ training principles prior to completing the remaining majority portion of the workout.  training duration - Correct answer length of the workout and the amount of time spent in a particular phase of training.  training frequency - Correct answer the # of sessions performed in a given period  vertical loading - Correct answer circuit applied to more conditioned clients allowing alternating body parts to be trained starting from the upper extremity and moving to the lower extremity with little to no rest in between.  horizontal loading - Correct answer performing all sets of an exercise or body part before moving onto the next exercise or body part.  timed hold - Correct answer an acute variable where requirement is to hold a specific pose or posture for a specified period of time.  time under tension (TUT) - Correct answer the amount of time from the beginning of one resistance training set to the end without breaking  proprioception - Correct answer the ability to recognized bodily movement and position.  muscular endurance - Correct answer the muscles ability to contract for an extended period of time and the ability to produce and maintain force production over prelonged periods of time.

 fitness coaching - Correct answer the application of various behavior change and communication strategies with clients that leads to increased accountability and motivation  offseason - Correct answer the period of time where you dont train.  competitive season - Correct answer games or comps period.  undulating periodization - Correct answer form of periodization that provides changes in the acute variables of workouts to achieve different goals on a daily or weekly basis  Linear periodization - Correct answer classic or traditional strength and power programming that begins with high volume low intensity training and progresses toward low volume high intensity training.  periodization - Correct answer division of a training program into smaller progressive stages.  exercise selection - Correct answer choosing exercises  rest period - Correct answer the part in the workout where you take a break  training intensity - Correct answer an individuals level of effort compared with his or her max effort, usually expressed as a percentage.  load - Correct answer the amount of weight being lifted  training volume - Correct answer the total amount of work performed within a specified time.  progressive resistance exercise (PRE) - Correct answer a method of increasing the ability of the muscles to generate force.  relaxin - Correct answer hormone provided during pregnancy relaxes and softens ligaments.  scapular winging - Correct answer the scapula protrudes from the back in an abnormal position.  single leg squat asssessment - Correct answer on one leg to assess dynamic flexibility, core strength, balance, and overall neuromuscular control.  knee valgus - Correct answer knees move forward and in "knock knees"  overhead squat assessment - Correct answer assesses dynamic flexibilty, core strength, balance and overall neuromuscular control.  transitional movement assessment - Correct answer assessment for dynamic posture.  kyphotic curve - Correct answer outward curvature of the thoracic spine by which the spine is bent forward.  symmetry - Correct answer proportion and balance between two items or two sides

 upper crossed syndrome - Correct answer postural distortion syndrome forward head and rounded shoulders  lower crossed syndrome - Correct answer postural distortion syndrome characterized by an anterior tilt to the pelvis  pronation distortion syndrome - Correct answer characterized by foot pronation and adducted and internally rotated knees  postural distortion patterns - Correct answer common postural misalignments and muscle imbalances that individuals develop based on a variety of factors.  relative flexibility - Correct answer the human movement system way of finding the path of the least resistant during movement.  altered arthrokinematics - Correct answer altered joint motion caused by altered length tension relationships and force couple relationships that affects the joints and causes poor movement efficiency.  altered neuromuscular efficiency - Correct answer when the kinetic chain is not performing optimally to control the body in all three planes of motion  functional efficiency - Correct answer the ability of the neuromuscular system to perform functional tasks with the least amount of energy, decreasing stress on the body's structure.  committment - Correct answer the state or quality of being dedicated  open ended question - Correct answer a question that cant just be answered yes or no  body mass index (bmi) - Correct answer a rough assessment based on the concept that a persons weight should be proportional to a persons height  body composition - Correct answer the relative percentage of body weight that is fat vs fat free tissue.  blood pressure - Correct answer the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels after blood is ejected from the heart.  pulse - Correct answer the force created by blood moving or pulsating through the arteries each time the heart contracts  complementary goods and services - Correct answer goods and services that sare similar and share a beneficial relationship with another product or service  forecasting - Correct answer process where trainers and or managers apply specific percentages based on previous performance to predict future sales or other measurable outcomes such as sessions serviced.  re-sign - Correct answer an existing client that purchases more training and wants to continue.

 point of sale client - Correct answer they have purchased a training package and therefore are a member.  rapport - Correct answer the aspect of relationship characterized by similarity, agreement., and congruity  prospecting - Correct answer activities used to find more clients.  leads - Correct answer individuals who have shown an interest in personal training services  profit center - Correct answer a part of an organization with assignable revenues and costs and hence ascertainable profitability  turn key - Correct answer a complete product or service that is ready for immediate use.  ancillary revenue - Correct answer revenue beyond the sale of memberships and services generated by the direct sale of products to customers.  driver of sales - Correct answer activities that create opportunitiues for future sales  top line - Correct answer a companys overall sales or revenues. before any discounts or returns  operations - Correct answer activities involved in the day to day functions of a business that dont directly generate revenue.  psychographics - Correct answer study of personalities, values, opinions, attitudes, interest, and lifestyles.  demographics - Correct answer statistical data relating to the population and the particular groups in it.  circuit training - Correct answer series of exercises performed in a order to ensure a fulll body resistance training session combined with cardio exercise.  POWER - Correct answer ABILITY OT PRODUCE A LARGE AMOUNT OF FORCE IN A SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME.  MAX STRENGTH - Correct answer THE MAX FORCE OF A MUSCLE CAN PRODUCE IN A SINGLE VOLUNTARY, EFFORT REGARDLESS THE RATE OF FORCE PRODUCTION.  STRENGTH - Correct answer ABILITY OF THE NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM TO PROVIDE INTERNAL TENSION AND EXERT FORCE AGAINST EXTERNAL RESISTANCE.  MOTOR UNIT - Correct answer ONE MOTOR NEURON AND THE MUSCLE FIBERS IT CONNECTS WITH  QUICKNESS - Correct answer ABILITY TO REACT TO A STIMULUS WITH AN APROPRIATE MUSCULAR RESPONSE WITHOUT HESITATION

 AGILITY - Correct answer ABILITY TO MAINTAIN CENTER OF GRAVITY OVER A CHANGING BASE OF SUPPORT WHILE CHANGING DIRECTION AT VARIOUS SPEEDS  STRIDE LENGTH - Correct answer DISTANCE COVERED WITH EACH STRIDE.  STRIDE RATE - Correct answer NUMBER OF STRIDES TAKEN IN A GIVEN TIME PERIOD OR DISTANCE.  SPEED - Correct answer STRAIGHT AHEAD VELOCITY  AMORTIZATION PHASE - Correct answer SECOND PHASE OF THE INTEGRATED PERFORMANCE PARADIGM REQUIRING AN ISOMETRIC MUSCLE CONTRACTION  INTEGRATED PERFORMANCE PARADIGM, STRETCH-SHORTENING CYCLE - Correct answer A FORCEFUL CYCLE OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION THAT INVOLVES ECCENTRIC LOADING OF THE MUSCLE, ISOMETRIC MUSCLE CONTRACTION, AND CONCENTRIC MUSCLE CONTRACTION.  MOTOR UNIT SYNCHRONIZATION - Correct answer THE SIMULTANEOUS RECRUITMENT OF MULTIPLE MOTOR UNITS RESULTING IN MORE MUSCLE TISSUE CONTRACTING AT THE SAME TIME.  FIRING FREQUENCY - Correct answer THE NUMBER OF ACTIVATION SIGNALS SENT TO A SINGLE MOTOR UNIT IN 1 SECOND.  MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT - Correct answer THE ACTIVATION OF MOTOR UNITS IN A SUCCESSIVE MANNER TO PRODUCE MORE STRENGTH.  RATE OF FORCE PRODUCTION - Correct answer ABILITY OF THE MUSCLES OT EXERT MAX FORCE OUTPUT IN A MINIMAL AMOUNT OF TIME.  REACTIVE TRAINING - Correct answer EXERCISES THAT USE QUICK, POWERFUL MOVEMENTS INVOLVING AN ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWED BY AN EXPLOSIVE CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION  SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION - Correct answer THE ABILITY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM TO GATHER AND INTERPRET INFO TO ANTICIPATE AND EXECUTE THE PROPER MOTOR RESPONSE.  joint stability - Correct answer ability to prepare, maintain, anticipate, and restore stability at each joint  postural stability - Correct answer prepare, maintain, anticipate. and restore stability in the entire human movement system  neuron - Correct answer functional unit of the nervous system

 dendrite - Correct answer portion of the neuron that is responsible for gathering info from other structures.  cell body - Correct answer the portion of the neuron that contains the nucleus, lysosomes, mitochondria, and golgi complex  muscle spindles - Correct answer receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change.  proprioception - Correct answer the cumulative sensory input to the cns from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movements  mechanoreceptors - Correct answer sensory receptors resposible for sensing distortion in body tissues  interneurons - Correct answer only located within the spinal cord and brain, receive impulses from afferent neurons and conduct back out to produce motor efferent response.  efferent neurons - Correct answer motor neurons that send a message for muscles to contract.  afferent neurons - Correct answer nerve impulse that move toward the spinal cord and brain from the periphery of the body and are sensory in nature.  nerve impulses - Correct answer the consecutive linking of neurons by electrochemical signals that travel throughout the nerve fiber.  axon - Correct answer a cylindrical projection from the cell body that transmits nerve impulses to other neurons or effector sites  emulsification - Correct answer ability of fat to mix with water  glycerol - Correct answer a simple polyol (sugar alcohol) compound. colorless, odorless viscous liquid glycerol backbone triglycerides.  omega 6 fatty acids - Correct answer promote blood clot and cell membrane formation  omega 3 fatty acids - Correct answer anti-inflammatory effects help to decrease blood clotting  polyunsaturated fatty acids - Correct answer several spots where it is missing  unsaturated fatty acids - Correct answer have areas that are not completely saturated with it and therefore have double bonds where Hydrogen is missing.  saturated fat - Correct answer chain of carbons that is saturated with all of the H that it can hold. no double bonds  methyl group -CH3 - Correct answer an alkyl derived from methane one c atom 3 H atoms

 carboxyl group COOH - Correct answer a carbon atom joined to a hydroxyl group by a single bond to an oxygen atom by a double bond.  sterols - Correct answer a subgroup of the steroids and an important class of organic molecules  phospholipid - Correct answer type of lipid in which one fatty acid has been replaced by a phosphate group and one of hte several nitrogen containing molecules  triglyceride - Correct answer the chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.  fatty acid - Correct answer a chain of carbons linked or bonded together and the building blocks of fat within the human body  lipids - Correct answer a group of compounds that includes triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols  complementary proteins - Correct answer consuming two or more incomplete proteins together to provide needed amino acids  incomplete protein - Correct answer does not contain all of the essential amino acids  complete proteins - Correct answer does contain all of the essential amino acids in the amount the body needs  conditionally essential amino acids - Correct answer nonessential amino acids cannot be produce because of disease must be acquired in food.  nonessential amino acids - Correct answer produced by the body  essential amino acids - Correct answer amino acids that cant be made by the body.  amino acids - Correct answer the building blocks of proteins composed of a central carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group and an R-group.  protein - Correct answer larger chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. serve several essential functional roles in the body  nutrient density - Correct answer the nutrient content of a food relative to its calories.  high fructose corn syrup - Correct answer sweetener made from corn starch converted to fructose in food processing  blood glucose - Correct answer blood sugar, the sugar that is transported in the body to supply energy to the body's cells  glycogen - Correct answer a complex carb that is stored in the liver and muscle cells. When carb energy in needed, glycogen converted into glucose for use by muscle cells.

 maltose - Correct answer sugar produced in the breakdown of starch.  lactose - Correct answer sugar present in milk glucose and galactose  sucrose - Correct answer table sugar glucose and fructose  galactose - Correct answer combine with glucose in lactose  fructose - Correct answer fruit sugar  glucose - Correct answer a simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbs, fats, and protein that serves as the body's main source of fuel.  simple carb - Correct answer a carb with less that 10 carbon/water units. Glucose, sucrose, lactose, galactose. maltose, and fructose.  complex carb - Correct answer a carb with more than 10 carbon/water units. fiber and starch found in whole grains and veggies.  macronutrients - Correct answer nutrients that provide calories  kilocalories - Correct answer a unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories. It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temp of a kilogram or liter of water by 1 degree celsius.  calorie - Correct answer scientific unit of measure.  target cells - Correct answer cells that have hormone specific receptors, ensuring that each hormone will communicate only with specific target cells  hormones - Correct answer chemical messengers that enter the bloodstream to attach to target tissues and target organs.  glands - Correct answer an organ that secretes hormones into the bloodstream to regulate a variety of bodily functions, such as mood, growth and development, tissue function or metabolism.  max oxygen consumption - Correct answer highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization at max physical exertion.  capillaries - Correct answer smallest blood vessels and the site of water gas exchange between blood/tissues.  cardiac output - Correct answer hr multiplied by stroke volume measure of overall performance of the heart.  heart rate - Correct answer rate at which the heart pumps  stroke volume - Correct answer amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

 atrioventricular valves - Correct answer valves that allow for proper blood flow from the atria to the ventricles.  arteries - Correct answer vessels that transport blood away from the heart  veins - Correct answer vessels that transport blood from capillaries towards the heart.  atrioventricular node - Correct answer small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers located on the wall of the right atrium of the heart that receives impulses from the SA node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.  sinoatrial node - Correct answer a specialized area of cardiac tissue located in the right atrium that initiates the electrical impulses that determine heart rate pacemaker for the heart.  respiratory system - Correct answer lungs and respiratory passages collect oxygen from the ext environment and transport it into the bloodstream.  cardiovascular system - Correct answer heart blood and blood vessels  cardiorespiratory system - Correct answer cardiovascular and respiratory systems  pelvo-occular reflex - Correct answer the neuromotor response of the pelvic girdle and lower extremity that serves to orient the body region in response to head position and visual cues.  tensegrity - Correct answer term coined by Buckminster Fuller, skeletal structure, compression and tensionare used to give structure its form providing stability and efficiency in mass and environment.  altered reciprocal inhibition - Correct answer process by which a short muscle, a tight muscle and or myofascial adhesions in the muscle cause decreased neural drive of its functional antagonist.  hypomobility - Correct answer decrease in normal movement and functionality of a joint affects range of motion.  repetitive lack of motion - Correct answer frequent immobility which holds the potential for repetitive stress injuries  suboptimal positioning - Correct answer less than optimal body positioning that when repeated reinforces poor motor patterns and can lead to abnormal stress and pattern overload.  cumulative injury cycle - Correct answer a cycle whereby an injury will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesions, altered neuromuscular control and muscle imbalances.  repetitive stress injury - Correct answer injury due to pattern overload.  pattern overload - Correct answer repetitive physical activity that moves through the same patterns of motion placing the same stresses on the body over time.

 range of motion ROM - Correct answer the range through which a joint may by freely moved with no resistance or pain.  biotensegrity - Correct answer the exam of how biological structure integrity may occur.  posture - Correct answer position and bearing of the body for alignment and function of the kinetic chain.  kinetic chain - Correct answer the combo and interrelation of the actions of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems to create movement.  motor behavior - Correct answer motor response to internal and external environment stimuli  motor output - Correct answer response to stimuli that activates movement in organs or muscles  force couple relationship - Correct answer muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint  length tension relationships - Correct answer the resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at that resting length  stabilization system - Correct answer muscles who primarily provide joint support and stabilization  nonsynovial joints - Correct answer joints with no joint cavity connective tissue or cartilage  synovial joints - Correct answer joints held together by a joint capsule and ligaments movement in the body  arthrokinematics - Correct answer motions of the joints in the body  apendicular skeleton - Correct answer portion of the skeleton that includes the bones that connect to the spinal column including upper and lower extremities.  axial skeleton - Correct answer portion of the skeletal system consists of the bones of the skull, ribcage and vertebral column  tendon - Correct answer connective tissue muscle to bone  ligament - Correct answer strong connective tissue that connects bone to bone.  antagonists - Correct answer muscles that oppose the prime mover  stabilizers - Correct answer muscles that minimize unwanted movement while the agonist and synergists work to provide movement at the joint.  synergists - Correct answer muscles that assist the prime mover in a joint action  agonists - Correct answer muscles that work as the prime mover in an exercise

 viscoelastic - Correct answer the ability to stretch linearly  joint receptors - Correct answer receptors in and around a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration and deceleration at the joint  supine - Correct answer on back face upwards  triple flexion - Correct answer multijoint exercise involves flexion at the hip, knee and ankle  triple extension - Correct answer extension at hip knee and ankle  static posture - Correct answer starting point from which an individual moves  multiplanar - Correct answer occuring in more than one plane of motion  concentric activation - Correct answer production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while shortening in length.  active force - Correct answer muscle tension that is generated by its contractile elements  isometric activation - Correct answer the production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while maintaining a constant length.  eccentric activation - Correct answer the production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while lengthening  isolated function - Correct answer muscle's primary function and a muscle action produced at a joint when a muscle is being concentrically activated to produce acceleration of a body segment.  eccentric function - Correct answer action of a muscle when it is generating an eccentric contraction  integrated function - Correct answer the coordination of muscles to produce. reduce and stabilize forces in multiple planes for efficient and safe movement.  kinetics - Correct answer biomechanics term that involves the study of forces  force - Correct answer push or pull that can create stop or change movement  Mass - Correct answer the amount of matter in an object or physical body  matter - Correct answer has mass and takes up space  acceleration - Correct answer the rate at which an object is increasing in speed  weight - Correct answer the amount of force gravity has on the body  lever - Correct answer a relatively rigid rod or bar that rotates around a fulcrum, pivot point

 torque - Correct answer the rotary or rotational effect that a force has around an axis  tempo - Correct answer the amount of time a muscle is actively producing tension during exercise movements  repetition tempo - Correct answer speed at which a rep is performed  line of pull - Correct answer direction in which muscle is pulled  parallel muscle - Correct answer muscle with fibers that are oriented parallel to that muscles longitudinal axis  pennate muscle - Correct answer muscle with fibers that are oriented at an angle to the muscles longitudinal axis  origin - Correct answer the relatively stationary attachment site where muscle attaches begins  insertion - Correct answer the relatively mobile attachment site.  aponeurosis - Correct answer a white tendinous sheet that attaches muscle to bone  muscle belly - Correct answer midregion between the origin and insertion  malalignment - Correct answer the incorrect or improper alignment of the joints in a body without movements  overactive - Correct answer referring to having disrupted neuromuscular recruitment patterns that lead a muscle to be more active during a joint action  underactive - Correct answer less active during a joint action  extrinsic - Correct answer located from the outside yet act on a structure being considered  intrinsic - Correct answer located from within and acting directly on a structure being considered  intrinsic core stabilizers - Correct answer deep inner muscles behind the superficial abdominals that have a direct effect on stabilizing the lumbo pelvic hip complex  retraction - Correct answer adduction of the shoulder blades where the blades move toward the spine  four muscles of the rotator cuff - Correct answer supraspiatus  infraspinator  teres minor  subscapularis  shoulder impingement - Correct answer when the space between the bone on top of the shoulder and the tendons of the rotator cuff rub against each other during elevation.

 pronation of the foot - Correct answer a combo of dorsiflexion, eversion and abduction  supination of the foot - Correct answer a combo of plantar flexion inversion and adduction  flexibility - Correct answer the normal extensibility of soft tissue which allows a joint to be moved through its full range of motion  corrective exercise - Correct answer programming process that identifies neuromuscular dysfunction develops a plan of action and implements a corrective strategy as part of an exercise training program  neuromuscular efficiency - Correct answer when the neuromuscular system allows agonists antagonists, and stabilizers to synergistically produce muscle actions in all three planes of motion  nervous system - Correct answer a conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body  central nervous system - Correct answer division of the nervous system comprising the brain and the spinal cord. its primary function is to coordinated activity of all parts  motor control - Correct answer how the cns integrates internal and external sensory info with previous experiences to produce a motor response.  motor learning - Correct answer integration of motor control processes with practice and experience that leads to relatively permanent changes in the bodys capacity to produce skilled movements  motor development - Correct answer change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan  structural efficiency - Correct answer the structural alignment of the muscular and skeletal systems that allows the body to maintain balance in relation to its center of gravity  electron transport chain - Correct answer a series of compounds transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors generating ATP in the process  flavin adenine dinucleotide - Correct answer a redox cofactor more specifically a prosthetic group involved in several important metabolic reactions