Professional Orientation and Ethical Practice in Counseling, Exams of Psychology

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NCE: Professional Orientation and Ethical Practice

The notion that a client has a right to control his or her life - autonomy The counselor never uses strategies / interventions or other behaviors that could cause harm - maleficence The counselor practices for the good of society as well as the client - beneficence The idea that all clients are treated fairly and there is equality - justice The counselor keeps promises - fidelity The counselor is truthful (eg, provides an accurate diagnosis) - veracity Which group was most instrumental in opposing counselor licensure? - psychologists In the late 1970s, AACD (known as ACA since 1992) began to focus very heavily on professional credentialing. This led to the formation of that - NBCC By passing the NCE, a counselor can attain _______, given via NBCC. - NCC, a generic certification for counselors

Which choice would most likely violate the counseling ethic or law termed "scope of practice"?

• A counselor who is using good, accurate empathy with a client, but fails to confront her about her excessive drinking -A licensed counselor who gives the client a DSM diagnosis code for insurance -A counselor who is too active-directive with a client -A counselor who is conducting a strict Freudian psychoanalysis with the client - A counselor who is conducting a strict Freudian psychoanalysis with the client Ethical guidelines were first created for the helping professions in 1953 when the American Psychological Association (APA) published their first code of ethics. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) created their code in 1960, and in 1961, the organization that is now ACA adopted ethics for counselors. Ethics always describe - standards of conduct imposed by the ACA and NBCC Most ethical dilemmas are related to - confidentiality The landmark 1969 case, Tarasoff versus the Board of Regents of the University of California illuminated
• the duty to warn a client in imminent danger A counselor reveals information that is extremely damaging to a client's reputation. This counselor could be accused of - defamation State laws can govern title usage and practice, however, they do not govern - accreditation An exception to confidentiality, or what is termed as relative confidentiality, could occur when a client is suicidal. Suicidal warning signs include:

-repeatedly joking about killing one's self -giving away prized possessions after one has been depressed for an extended period of time -a pervious suicide attempt and a very detailed suicide plan for the future -all of the above - all of the above A statement of disclosure could include all except -A list of the courses the counselor took in graduate school -The counselor's qualifications, office hours, and billing policies -Emergency procedures and therapy techniques utilized -A statement that confidentiality is desirable, but cannot be guaranteed in a group setting - A list of the courses the counselor took in graduate school Privileged communication refers to the fact that anything said to a counselor by a client - is protected by laws in every state In regard to stare law and privileged communication, counselors must be aware that - laws are unclear and may vary from state to state When counselors state that privileged communication is "qualified", they actually mean that - exceptions may exist You are a counselor in a state that does not legally support privileged communication. You refuse to testify in court. In this situation - you could be held in contempt of court An 11 year old child comes to your office with a black eye and tells you she cant remember how she received it. You have reason to suspect abuse. You should - call the child abuse/neglect hotline

During a counseling session a 42-year-old male client threatens suicide. You should - contact his wife and advise her of possible suicide precautions A 39 year old female secretary you are seeing in your assertiveness training group reveals that she is plotting to shoot her husband. Based on the Tarasoff case you should - warn the husband You pass your exam and now have NCC status. You perform a battery of tests on your client. After you complete the testing you discover your client is in imminent danger. You receive a legal court order to turn over the test scores. You - must turn over the test records complete with the test scores One impetus for counselor licensing was that psychology licensure bodies sought to restrict the practice of counselors so counselors could not receive - third party payments from insurance and managed care companies APA is psychologist as ACA is to - counselor You have achieved the status of NCC. NBCC, nevertheless, feels you have violated professional ethics. NBCC can do any of the following except: -Revoke your state counseling license -Remove your name from the list of NCCs in the US -Revoke your NCC status -Note in their newsletter that your NCC status has been revoked - revoke your state counseling license A counselor who is alcoholic and suffering from burnout could best be described as - an impaired professional

Counselor certification a. is synonymous with licensure b. is synonymous with program certification c. recognizes that you have reached a given level of competence and thus are authorized to use a title d. is primarily a legal process - recognizes that you have reached a given level of competence and thus are authorized to use a title A woman comes to you for help with an eating disorder. You have no experience or training in this area. Ethically, you should - refer this client to a colleague who is indeed trained and experienced with this type of client Virginia was the first state to license counselors in 1976. The AGPA (later AACD and now ACA) division that was initially the most instrumental in pushing for licensing was - American Counselor Education and Supervision The problem with income-sensitive or sliding fee scales (based on the client's ability to pay) is that - it is difficult to administer them in a fair manner One possible negative aspect of counselor licensure is that - counselors may not be creative during their graduate work and simply take courses aimed at fulfilling the requirements to take the licensure exam A client wants his records sent to a psychiatrist he is seeing. You should - first have the client sign a dated release of information form that stipulates whether the information can be released once (or for what period of time it can be released) and then you can send the information You are a licensed professional counselor in one state but will soon relocate to another state. The new state informs you that they will grant you reciprocity or so-called endorsement. You will thus -

be permitted to practice in the new state based on your current credentials without taking another exam According to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 (also known as the Buckley amendment), - clients and parents of minor clients have a right to their record You are a school counselor who wishes to refer a student with an orthopedic disability to a private therapist. In general, the best referral would be to - a CRC A registry would be - a list of providers A counselor wins the lottery and closes her practice with out telling her clients. This counselor's course of action is best described as - abandonment You are counseling your first cousin for depression. This is - generally unethical as it would constitute a dual or so called multiple relationship A counselor who sports NCC after her name - will need a specified amount of continuing education contact hours before she can be recertified, or she will need to take the NCE again. You find yourself sexually attracted to a client. This is known as - countertransference Your sexual attraction toward your client is hindering the counseling process. You should - explain this to the client and then refer the client to another provider

A malpractice or liability insurance company is least likely to defend you if - you are sexually involved with a client Computers are now being used in various counseling settings. Counselors speak of Computer Assisted Counseling (CAC) and Computer Managed Counseling (CMC). An office that employs a computer to schedule clients would be an example of - CMC A college student who suffers from panic disorder types his symptoms and concerns onto a PC screen and then waits for the computer program to respond or question him further. The student engages in this practice for a 40-minute session per week. This is an example of - CAC A counselor educator has created a research study. He is using students as research subjects. This is commonplace. - Participation or lack of it cannot impact the student's academic standing Which statement best describes the counseling profession's reaction to computer-assisted counseling and computer-managed counseling? -Counselors are very humanistic and seem to dislike CMC and CAC technology -Counselors have welcomed both forms of computer technology with open arms -CMC has been well received since it cuts down time on paperwork, scheduling, and recording keeping, but there is a mixed reaction to CAC as some feel it depersonalizes counseling -Counselors dislike CMC but praise CAC highly - CMC has been well received since it cuts down time on paperwork, scheduling, and recording keeping, but there is a mixed reaction to CAC as some feel it depersonalizes counseling You secure a state license and NCC status and open a private practice. Your cousin comes to the agency for supervision to get his state license: - It would be unethical to supervise him

A counseling journal article should use documentation (ie references) that is based on - APA style A 14 year old male threatens to blow up his parents garage because he has been grounded. You believe his threat is genuine. You should - warn the parents that their property is in danger A 16 year old girl threatens to kill herself and you fail to inform her parents. Your behavior as a counselor is best described as - an example of negligence, which is a failure to perform a duty, and in this instance is an obligation to protect the client NBCC has developed a Code of Ethics to help counselors behave in a professional manner. The code warns against stereotyping and discrimination. All of the following would be examples of stereotyping and discrimination except: -Advising an african american client to avoid graduate school because you believe the Jensen research regarding african americans and IQ scores -Advising a client to consider switching his college major based on your clinical judgement as well as the results from an extensive test battery -Advising a female client to avoid taking a management position because you feel women are generally nonassertive -Advising a female client to avoid taking a management position because you feel women managers are generally too aggressive - Advising a client to consider switching his college major based on your clinical judgement as well as the results from an extensive test battery You are a well-known cognitive behavioral therapist who heads up a private practice in NJ. For the next two years, you will be in Canada doing research. Your practice has 6 other counselors. The practice is sending brochures to schools, agencies, and hospitals in attempts to boost referrals. Your name appears on the front of the brochure, as if you are available for referrals. This is: - unethical A colleague of yours who is not a certified counselor behaves in an unethical manner. The ethical thing for you to do is -

attempt to rectify the condition via institutional channels, and if this fails report it to regulatory organizations A client asks you (and you have NCC status) for classical psychoanalysis yet you have no training whatsoever in this area. If you agree to analyze the client, you are - unethical as this is misrepresentation In your initial disclosure statement it was clearly explained to the client that she must pay her bill in a timely manner. She did not. According to ACA ethical guidelines you can terminate her: - This practice is ethical if you revealed this to the client in the initial disclosure statement. Dr. X recommends to his clients at the agency where he practices that he would rather counsel them in his private practice. Ethically speaking, - Dr. X is diverting agency clients to his practice and this is unethical You wish to use an experimental treatment strategy. According to NBCC - this could be ethical if you explain this to the client and the client agrees A counselor is counseling an executive secretary. The counselor notes that he is writing a book and explains to the client that he will see her for free if she types the manuscript. This is - known as bartering and unethical as described here Ethics state that a counselor should _______ all clients for group counseling - screen You are a middle school counselor at a public school. A child is threatening to kill another student and admonishes you to keep it a secret. According to the ethical principle of minimal disclosure the best course of action would be to - inform the parents of the student in danger, inform the principal, and call the police immediately, discussing only material related to the threat Your agency uses a collection agency when clients don't pay their bills. You should -

inform the client of this before the counseling begins You have just made a landmark discovery which you feel could literally change the entire field of counseling and thus you write an article which depicts your findings. The next step would be to - submit the article to one publication at a time despite your conviction that the article must get published Consulting is included in ethical guidelines. Consultation can best be defined as: - a voluntary relationship between a professional helper and a help-needed individual, group, or social unit in which the consultant helps define or solve problems related to the clients, the client system, or work-related issues NBCC's Code of Ethics describes ethical issues related to private practice. Which of these situations is clearly an ethics violation? -A private practitioner who advertises in the Yellow Pages -A private practitioner who advertises in a daily newspaper -A counselor who terminates a professional relationship with a client because she feels it is no longer productive for her client. She refers the client to another helper. -An executive director of a private practice who has his name listed on the practice's website as a counseling provider despite the fact that he is out of the country and is engaged in a research project for the next two years - An executive director of a private practice who has his name listed on the practice's website as a counseling provider despite the fact that he is out of the country and is engaged in a research project for the next two years Nosology refers to a system of classification. Name the nosological system(s) utilized by professional counselor who diagnose clients. - DSM and ICD The DSM was created by the APA. The ICD was created by WHO. Which counselor would most likely be required to utilize one of these guides to diagnose a client? -A counselor who wishes to secure insurance (ie third party) payments -A school counselor discussing a child with a teacher

-A multicultural counselor who is seeing a client who grew up in another country -A counselor leading a T-group - A counselor who wishes to secure insurance (ie third party) payments Traditionally ______________ counseling has caused the most ethical concerns. - behavioral Insurance payments are also called - third-party payments The DSM-5 no longer uses a multiaxial classification system or GAF scale. Diagnostic codes have _____ digits: - four or five Identify the DSM code. a. 29622 b. 29. c. 296. d. 2962.2 -

A counselor educator is giving a seminar on the DSM-5. She gives the students a handout and it lists hoarding disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder as both having the same 300.3 code. The most likely explanation is: - that this could be correct since two diagnoses can share a single code During a counseling session your client tells you in great detail how he robbed a convenience store six months ago. He got away with a huge sum of money and shot the owner. His descriptions are extremely specific and you believe every word he says. In reality, you are very familiar with the case because the police never solved it and it has been all over the radio and television stations in your town. There is even a huge reward to anybody who can help law enforcement agencies solve the case. Ethically, you should -

just keep it confidential All of the conditions below are V code diagnoses except -Acculturation problem -Occupational problem -Post-traumatic stress disorder -Academic problem - Post-traumatic stress disorder Formal diagnosis, also known as nosology, is most closely related to the ________ model. - medical Which treatment matchup is incorrect? -Vivitrol for alcoholism -Lithium for bipolar disorder -Suboxone for opiod dependence -Narcan for schizophrenia - narcan for schizophrenia The type of mental health service provided to the client is coded via ___________ and is generally required for insurance payments - the AMA's current procedural terminology You refer a client to Dr. Smith. Ethically, Dr. Smith - may not pay you a referral fee for sending the client to her You have written a very popular book on reality therapy. Now you are teaching a graduate course on counseling at a local university. Ethically, you - may use the book as a textbook in your class

An elementary school counselor is giving a child a standardizes test. On several occasions the child says he does not understand what the counselor has said. The counselor should - repeat the question, but talk more slowly The most popular paradigm of mental health consultation has been proposed by - Caplan The doctor-patient consultation model relies on four distinct stages: entry, diagnosis, implementation, and evaluation. In order for the doctor-patient structure to work, the consultee (ie the person receiving the consultation) must accurately depict symptomatology, trust the consultants diagnosis, and carry out the consultants directives. This model is associated most closely with the work of - Schein _____________ are the leading causes of malpractice actions taken against counselors, therapists, and mental health providers. - Confidentiality and dual relationships Your client was seeing Dr. Doyle for counseling for three years. The client has now stopped seeing Dr. Doyle and has an appointment to see you. You should - counsel the client You are treating a man who suffers from panic disorder. His panic attacks are so severe he cannot drive to work. After just three sessions, he is not only driving to work but has taken up sky diving to demonstrate his progress over his fear. You would love to put his testimonial on your brochure to show how adept you are at treating this affliction. You should - not ask him for a testimonial since it would constitute an ethics violation Ethical dilemmas rarely have clear-cut answers. Thus when a complex ethical situation manifests itself, it is best to consult with colleagues as well as ethical codes inasmuch as legal standards are very often based on the - methods of fellow professionals in analogous situations

You have attempted to help a client for over two years with little or no success. You should - terminate the relationship and initiate an appropriate referral Assume that you have decided to refer a client elsewhere because you were unable to help her. Upon you mentioning this, the client insists that she has seen several other therapists and you are the finest one. Ethics guidelines would dictate that - you are not obligates to continue this relationship Counseling is a relatively new profession. This first counselors in the United States were not called counselors. They were - deans and advisors employed after the Civil War in college settings to watch over young women Historically speaking, the first psychology laboratory was set up by - Wilhelm Wundt, 1879, Leipzig, Germany Counseling became popular after the 1931 publication of - Workbook in Vocations by William Proctor, Glidden Ross Benefield, and Gilbert Wrenn PL 94-142 (the Education for All Handicapped Children Act) states that -all children between age 5 and 21 are assured free education -handicapped persons are placed in the least restrictive environment (LRE) -an individualized education plan (iep) is developed for each child -all of the above - all of the above The major trend that impacted upon the counseling movement in the 1980s - included an emphasis on professionalism, certification, and licensing The APGA and APA had joint ethics guidelines for counselors and psychologists. This changed during the 1970s when -

the APA did not wish to credential master's level counselors or psychologists The 1950s was the age of tremendous strides in - developmental psychology The ___________ movement began in the late 1960s - group In the 1960s C. Gilbert Wrenn's book, The Counselor in a Changing World, urged counselors to - emphasize developmental concerns rather than merely focusing on crises and curing emotional illness One of the primary problems of counseling in the early 1960s was that it wrongly emphasized - intrapsychic processes The significance of the 1958 National Defense Education Act was that it -provided financial aid for graduate eduction in counseling -expanded school guidance services -improved guidance for gifted children -all of the above - all of the above A man has a rare, highly contagious disease that is fatal. He is keeping it a secret and insists that he will never tell his wife. You should - break confidentiality and tell his wife