NATIONAL TRAFFIC INCIDENT MANAGEMENT (TIM) 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024/2025 CORRECT, Exams of Organization and Business Administration

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NATIONAL TRAFFIC INCIDENT

MANAGEMENT (TIM) 100%

VERIFIED ANSWERS

2024/2025 CORRECT STUDY

SET

The National TIM Responder Training Program was developed under the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP *Designed to establish the foundation for and promote consistent training of all responders to achieve the three objectives of the TIM National Unified Goal (NUG):

• Responder Safety
• Safe, Quick Clearance
• Prompt, Reliable, Interoperable Communications *traffic incident is an emergency road user occurrence, a natural disaster, or other unplanned event that affects or impedes the normal flow of traffic The justification for training incident responders:

1. The safety of incident responders
2. The safety of all road users
3. Congestion mitigation and commerce

"D" Drivers are killing us... Drunk, Drugged, Drowsy, Distracted, or Just plain... Dangerous In a typical year, the following number of responders are struck and killed:

• 10 Law Enforcement Officers
• 4 Fire and Rescue Personnel
• An estimated 40-60 Towing and Recovery Professionals
• Several transportation professionals from DOTs, Public Works, and Safety Service Patrol Programs Secondary Crashes are crashes that occur within the incident scene or within the queue or backup, including the opposite direction, resulting from an original incident 25% of all congestion is caused by traffic incidents, resulting in:
• Lost time and productivity
• Increased cost of goods and services
• Increased fuel consumption
• Impacts on air quality and the environment
• Negative public image for response agencies TIM consists of a planned and coordinated multidisciplinary process to

detect, respond to, and clear traffic incidents so that traffic flow may be restored as safely and quickly as possible

- Effective TIM:

• Improves the safety of emergency responders, crash victims, and motorists
• Reduces the duration and impacts of traffic incidents TIM concepts apply to all roadways where traffic incidents might occur - both urban and rural Roadway Clearance Time (T1-T4) The time between first recordable awareness of an incident by a responsible agency and first confirmation that all travel lanes are open Incident Clearance Time (T1-T5) The time between the first recordable awareness and the time at which the last responder has left the scene Safe, Quick Clearance is the practice of rapidly, safely, and aggressively removing temporary obstructions from the roadway *Move Over Laws require drivers approaching a scene where emergency responders are present to either change lanes when possible and/or reduce vehicle speed Driver Removal Laws Also referred to as
• Fender Bender
• Move it

• Steer it, clear it Driver Removal Laws Require motorists involved in minor crashes (where there are no serious injuries and the vehicle can be driven) to move their vehicles out of the travel lanes to the shoulder or other safe area Authority Removal Laws
• Provide authority (and immunity from liability in general) for designated public agencies to remove vehicles and/or spilled cargo from the roadway to restore traffic flow
• Serious injury or fatality does not always preclude removal
• Often contain a Hold Harmless clause
• Implemented in a number of states Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
• Federal standard for all traffic control nationwide • It also covers all workers on all streets, roadways, or highways • This course addresses what is required to adhere to MUTCD standards Standard for Traffic Control Incident Management Professional Qualifications
• Developed in response to the recognized need for safe operations at incident scenes
• Was developed as a resource for all disciplines, not just fire
• Provides training requirement outline for incident traffic control personnel
• Consistent with the concepts taught in this course - Accurate, clear communication among all disciplines involved in TIM means responders:

• Arrive at the scene sooner and better prepared
• Meet quick clearance goals and clear the scene faster
• Improve safety for themselves and those involved in incidents The first step of the TIM process is detection, a term used to refer to the discovery of an incident Telecommunicators are often the first to be alerted to an incident and are responsible for:
• Providing a basic assessment of the situation
• Dispatching an appropriate response based on their knowledge of available resources Verification involves collecting sufficient information on the nature of the incident including identifying:
• Type and severity of incident
• Exact physical location
• Number of vehicles involved
• Color and type if possible
• Lanes affected
• Injuries, entrapment Notification and verification often occur concurrently **Determining the incident location
• Telecommunicators should:**

• Ask the calling party to identify the specific geographic location of the incident, referencing highway mile markers, intersection or cross street, landmarks, etc.
• If applicable, advise motorists of the Driver Removal Law and instruct them to move vehicles off the roadway if there are no injuries - Monitor traffic conditions using:
• Closed-circuit television (CCTV)cameras
• Roadway detectors and congestion maps
• Public safety contacts via phone and/or Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAD) links - Provide real-time traveler information using:
• ,phone systems and websites
• Social media platforms, such as Twitter
• Changeable message signs (CMS)
• Highway advisory radio (HAR) Safety Service Patrols
• Patrol designated highways looking for crashes, disabled vehicles, abandoned vehicles, debris, and provide services in an effort to keep motorists safe and traffic lanes open Safety Service Patrols Assist responders by:
• Setting up temporary traffic control
• Relocating vehicles
• Securing the scene

• Providing incident details to the local TMC Upon first arriving on-scene, an initial or windshield size-up report should be provided
• Unit identification
• Exact location of incident
• Number and type of vehicles involved
• Degree of damage
• Number of lanes closed
• Hazards or unique safety concerns
• Establishment of Command Progress Reports A detailed size-up should be provided within 15 minutes
• Additional progress reports should be provided at regular intervals or whenever significant changes occur
• For example, when a lane of traffic is opened or closed Incident Duration Classifications Minor <30 Minutes Incident Duration Classifications Intermediate 30 Minutes - 2 hours

Incident Duration Classifications Major

2 hours Incident Information

- On-Scene Safety Concerns

• Dangerous location
• Limited visibility
• Presence of hazardous materials Incident Information Traffic Conditions
• Length of traffic queue
• Traffic control needs
• Detour/alternate route needs Incident Information Injured Persons
• Number and extent of injuries
• Need for extrication Incident Information Additional Resources

• Towing and Recovery
• Helicopter EMS services
• Crash investigation/ reconstruction
• Medical Examiner/ Coroner Move It: This refers to moving vehicles involved in an incident to a safer location before being worked Work it This refers to a situation where the vehicles involved cannot be moved before being worked Impact of Blocking Travel Lanes Closing one lane of a three lane freeway reduces the capacity of the roadway by: Assumed - 33% Actual - 51% • Even a crash isolated to the shoulder reduces the roadway capacity by 17% The positioning of emergency vehicles at an incident in a manner that attempts to:

1. Protect the responders performing their duties
2. Protect road users traveling through the incident scene
3. Minimize, to the extent practical, disruption of the adjacent traffic flow Blocking is the act of positioning a responder vehicle upstream of an incident to obstruct the flow of moving traffic in one or more lanes, and/or the shoulder Lane +1 Blocking

• By the very nature of fire/rescue and EMS work, additional space to work is typically required occurs when responders block the involved lane(s) (including the shoulder) plus one additional lane to provide a protected lateral space for safety *Preferred Vehicle Positioning Upstream
• LE
• Fire/Rescue
• DOT or Safety Service Patrol Vehicle *Preferred Vehicle Positioning Downstream
• Ambulance
• Tow Trucks
• Other Support Units Ambulance Positioning should be positioned downstream of the incident with their loading doors oriented away from moving traffic
• However, if first on scene, must position as the block until additional units arrive Vehicle Positioning Considerations Order of arrival
• Current conditions, such as roadway geometry, sight distance, weather, etc.
• Safety of other responders, crash victims, and passing motorists
• Impact to vehicle visibility, including vehicle markings and lighting

• Agency policy Critical Wheel Angle Turn front wheels of vehicles away from the incident space Conspicuity refers to the ability of a vehicle to draw attention to its presence, even when other road users are not actively looking for it
• Colors that are: • Contrasting •Fluorescent
• Retro-reflective materials Standard for Automotive Ambulances
• Rear vertical surfaces of the apparatus shall be equipped with 6 inch retroreflective striping alternating yellow and red in a chevron pattern
• Any door of the apparatus must have retroreflective material affixed to the inside of the door
• A 4 inch retroreflective stripe must be affixed to the cab and body length on each side and the width of the front of the apparatus Though essential for safety, use of too many lights at an incident scene can be distracting and can create confusion for approaching road users and other responders All workers, including emergency responders, within the right-of-way of a roadway who are exposed either to traffic (vehicles using the highway for purposes of travel) or to work vehicles and construction equipment__________-wear high-visibility safety apparel (HVSA)... SHALL The class relates to the amount of three types of material on the HVSA:
• Fluorescent background material

• Retroreflective material
• Combined performance material - Type P HVSA is for:
• Emergency responders
• Incident responders
• Law enforcement personnel Safety Exiting Emergency Vehicles 1.Put on your HVSA 2.Check mirror for traffic 3.Look back, check for traffic 4.Open vehicle door slightly 5.Open door only as much as needed and exit 6.Close door and proceed to a safe area Zero Buffer occurs when there is limited or no buffer space between on-scene vehicles and any active lane of traffic General Safety Considerations
• Always wear your seat belt
• Never trust approaching traffic in either direction
• Never turn your back to approaching traffic

• Maintain an awareness of:
• Where you are
• Where you can go (escape route)
• Where you can't go (bridges, on-coming traffic, etc.)
• Never stand between vehicles
• Instruct civilians where to stay, out of harm's way ICS Incident Command System - Goals of ICS:
• Safety of responders and others
• Achievement of tactical objectives
• Efficient use of resources Single Command Incident Commander (IC) has complete responsibility for incident management
• By default, the first responder on scene is the Incident Commander Unified Command Allows all agencies to:
• Work together without affecting authority, responsibility, or accountability
• Manage an incident together by establishing a common set of incident objectives and strategies Incident Command Post (ICP) The field location at which the primary tactical-level, on-scene incident command functions are performed

Staging Area Location established where resources can be placed while awaiting a tactical assignment After Action Review Purpose: To evaluate the decisions made and actions taken during an incident and to identify both best practices and opportunities for improvement After Action Review Typical Format:

1. Review basic incident details

• Utilize pictures, maps, and/or video to illustrate incident scene
• Consider utilizing tabletop exercise materials to reenact incident

2. Roundtable discussion

• agency perspectives
• Discuss issues and/or areas of concern
• Identify solutions/enhancements
• Avoid finger pointing

3. Identify at least one action item per AAR Traffic Management he appropriate use of traffic control devices to establish a Traffic Incident Management Area reduces the likelihood of secondary crashes Advance Warning Area

• Established upstream of the incident to alert drivers of the upcoming incident scene
• Should also be upstream of any traffic queues so that warning is given to road users before encountering stopped traffic

• Should be high priority for emergency responders
• A shoulder taper, set up using traffic cones, may also be established in the Advance Warning Area Back of Queue Management
• A responder vehicle strategically placed on the shoulder upstream of an incident with its emergency lights activated can help slow motorists approaching an incident scene
• This role is typically filled by law enforcement or a Safety Service Patrol Additional or earlier advance warning may be necessary due to limited sight distances created by roadway geometry
• Hills Curves
• Bridges
• Intersections Additional advance warning may also be necessary during adverse conditions, such as rain, snow, ice, smoke, fog, darkness, etc.
• Wet roads double the average motorist stopping distance over that for dry road conditions
• Poor visibility can lengthen driver reaction time
• Increases responder's degree of risk Transition Area and Tapers Section of roadway where drivers are redirected out of their normal path •usually involve the strategic use of tapers
• Tapers can be set up using cones or flares
• No vehicles should be positioned within the tapered portion of the closed lane Upstream (Longitudinal) Buffer Space
• Separates the Transition Area from the Incident Space

• No vehicles should be positioned
• Provides recovery area for errant vehicles
• Speed of passing traffic and sight distance should be considered when determining the length of the buffer space Flaggers should use clear and distinct hand signals and must wear high-visibility safety apparel
• should stand either on the shoulder or in the closed lane prior to stopping road users
• should be stationed sufficiently in advance of the responders to warn them of approaching danger
• should stand alone, away from other responders, vehicles, or equipment Lesson 7 162 Lateral Buffer Space Requires part of a lane close that lane - avoid partial closer Incident Space Location where incident has occurred and emergency responders are working cones should continue alongside to help define the boundary between responders working and moving traffic
• A blocking vehicle should be positioned at the upstream end of the Incident Space to protect workers

from impacts by errant vehicles

• Adequate space should be provided on the roadway to allow for roll ahead of the blocking vehicle should it be struck
• Should be done without creating enough space to encourage or permit a vehicle to mistakenly enter the area between the blocking vehicle and the workers or hazard Termination Area Used to notify drivers that the Traffic Incident Management Area is ending and they may resume normal driving
• Includes the downstream buffer space and taper
• Protects emergency responders working at the end of the Incident Space
• Remember drivers will likely be frustrated from being stuck in traffic and may quickly accelerate Detour Routes considerations
• Roadway design and geometry - number of lanes, lane widths, shoulder widths, etc.
• Truck/trailer weight, height, or turning movement restrictions
• Presence of traffic control devices such as signals or stop signs

• At-grade railroad crossings with a high frequency of trains
• Presence of construction activity/work zones Danger Zone includes the area directly in front of or behind a burning vehicle where projectiles may launch from the vehicle A firefighter's preferred approach is A firefighter's preferred approach is Agencies should be capable of the following actions when hazardous materials are involved in a traffic incident:
• Identify reportable quantities
• Determine what response is required
• Understand the capabilities of local responders A hazmat placard does not always mean a hazmat response is required For vehicle fluid spills:

1. Stop leaking material at the source
2. Contain and limit the spill from spreading

3. Apply available absorbents
4. Remove material from travel lanes
5. Gradually restore traffic flow Victim/patient care and extrication take priority over evidence preservation Extrication is an example of an activity that may require Lane +1 blocking Use of an off-site landing zone is acceptable if there will be no delay to patient care Evidence Preservation Document occupant seating location/position, seat belt usage, and air bag deployment

• Note the presence of drugs, open containers, or other suspicious substances or activities
• Remove and turn over ignition keys to the investigator
• Electronic data can be deleted by providing power to the vehicle or cycling the engine

• If power to the battery needs to be disconnected, it is preferred that the cables are removed, not cut Short-lived evidence is that which is most susceptible to being destroyed at a crash scene - Critical short-lived evidence includes:
• Tire marks, debris fields
• Gouges, scrapes, paint transfer
• Fluid trails
• Blood, hair, tissue, fibers - There are a number of evidence collection technologies currently available: Total Station ‒ GPS
• Laser Mapping ‒ Surveying
• Photogrammetry ‒ Drones The most current technology for capturing detailed measurements should be utilized to facilitate quick clearance

Work Zones Competing space demands

• Lane and shoulder closures
• Narrow lanes
• Obstacles near live traffic
• Reduced visibility Work Zones Complicated Environment:
• Driver distraction
• Congestion
• Slow-moving work vehicles If a crash involves a high-tension median cable barrier system:
• Defer to the DOT when possible
• It is preferred that vehicles be removed in the direction they entered the system
• Cutting a cable under tension is a last resort and only personnel with training and experience should attempt
• Everyone else should remain a safe distance away from the area - Each railroad carrier is required to establish and maintain a toll-free telephone service to receive calls

reporting unsafe conditions, including:

• Disabled vehicles or other obstructions blocking railroad tracks
• Obstructions to the view of a pedestrian or a vehicle operator Railroad carriers should also be contacted if traffic is being detoured on a route that crosses their tracks Tow operators depend on getting timely, accurate information from those on the scene Cargo Removal Typically the trucking company and/or insurance provider must be contacted
• It is often requested that cargo be salvaged, but that can mean significant traffic delays
• An aggressive method that allows for responder safety and quick clearance should be used
• Supported by authority

removal and hold harmless legislation in some states Delaying some or all clearance/recovery activities may be appropriate to ensure safety or to facilitate traffic flow Termination includes:

• Demobilizing and removing equipment, personnel, and response vehicles
• It is very important to dismantle the scene from the Termination Area backwards to the Advance Warning Area
• Maintain awareness of the potential for frustrated motorists that may be particularly aggressive and drive at higher speeds
• Restoring traffic flow to normal or close to normal Termination Checklist Protect towers while they finish up Remove temporary traffic control devices Lift the detour or alternate route Let communications centers and TMC know that lanes are open Make sure all personnel are accounted for

Check with Incident Commander prior to leaving Recovery refers to the period of time between when all responders have left the scene and when traffic conditions return to normal Lesson 9 222 Safe, Quick Clearance Strategies

• Working with a sense of urgency to reduce the exposure to risks for both responders and motorists
• Utilizing Unified Command and incorporating safe, quick clearance into the incident objectives
• Completing tasks concurrently whenever possible
• Regularly assessing traffic control and on-scene activities to determine if additional lanes can be opened
• Utilizing all available resources for clearance activities
• Thinking outside of the box and considering how things could be done differently