NAUI Master Diver Scuba Final Exam, Exams of Water and Wastewater Engineering

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NAUI Master Diver Scuba Final exam with

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DIVE EQUIPMENT Open-circuit demand scuba is most commonly used by recreationals divers, closed- circuit and semi-closed rebreathers now available - correct answer-True DO NOT GET MOISTURE INTO THE CYLINDER. Water will cause corrosion by combining with high pressure oxygen inside the cylinder. - correct answer-True ^^ Prolonged storage of air in a steel cylinder containing water can be bad. Oxidation process will consum some of the oxygen in the air, leaving higher nitrogen concentration - correct answer-True Always keep 300 psi of pressurized air in cylinder to prevent moisture accum. Bad if slosh heard, whitish mist or odor. IF COROSSION IN CYLINDER THIS CAN BE CLEANED BY TUMBLING - so fill it with aluminum oxide chips or abrasive materials and rotate for many hours removing rust - correct answer-True Hydrostatic filled to 5000 psi or five thirds of the rated pressure of the cylinder, fill 300-500 psi per minute - correct answer-True Standard on-off cylinder in usa is k-valve, low air warning mech. is j-valve (two sides). This valve lever should be fully up to reserve air if they forget or if diving eliminates that can be turned down but air will release quick without warning - correct answer-True dual valves like Y-valves or H-valves allow diver to mount two regulator systems on single cylinder for deep or enclosed dives - correct answer-True First stage in regulators reduces cylinder pressure to intermediate or low pressure around 90-150 psi - correct answer-True Upstream valves rare, downstream more resistant to operate as cylinder prerssure decreases b/c failure in closed position. Third valve is balanced valve - correct answer-True

First stage includes diaphragm and piston. - correct answer-True Intermediate pressure remains at a constant above ambient pressure as diver descends or acends - correct answer-True the main valve of a pilot valve regulator is opened and clsoed w/ air pressure rather than mechanical leverage - correct answer-True First stage coloring: green is corrosion, red is rust, black is carbon dust - correct answer-True Modern regulator performance is defined in terms of maximum resipiratory work level or breathing work - correct answer-True pressure gauges: surface cylinder pressure gauge to check air in a cylinder above water w/ bleed valve. and sumbmersible - correct answer-True If water is visible in cylinder pressure gauge don't use it till repaired and tested - correct answer-True Open bourdon gauge least expensive but most problems w/ corrosion - the small one. sealed "" basically the same but more protection. Oil filled "" oil filled case, avoid leaving in sun due to leakage and expansion - correct answer-true two basic types of computers - tissue baed and table based. If a computer fails ascend w/ safety stop - correct answer-true air compressors operate under Boyles law - p and v - correct answer-True DIVE ENVIRONMENT wavelength is the horizontal distance between successsive crests, period is the time required for two successive crests to pass a given point. Fetch is the distance the wnid blows overthe water - correct answer-true

Spilling breakers waves break far from shore and all the way back to beach. Plunging breakers waves steepen quicly and break suddenly, most hazardous. - correct answer-true Spring tides high, neap low. Diurnal one high and low tide every 24 hrs and 50 minutes. semi-diurnal two "" change every six hours. mixed combination. swim perpendicular to shore if caught - correct answer- true currents are waves approaching shore at an angle that flows parallel to shore. Longshore currents move you down the beach, can often be detected. Four types of rip currents: permanent, fixed, flash, traveling. The set and drift of a current refer to currents directions and velocity. Always begin a dive against a current unless trained - correct answer-True 4 plant/animal life zones: intertidal, planktonic (plants), nektonic (animals), benthic (bottom dwellers) - correct answer-True DIVING PHYSICS - Rankine scale absolute zero is -459.67 F...Density is mass per unit volume or m/v. Archimedes Principle - an object wholle or partially immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to weight of fluid displaced, and ocean water is 2.5% denser than fresh water so more buoyant.... Absolute pressure = depth of water/depth definition of 1 atm + 1 atm....Daltons law the whole is equal to the sum of the parts, like partial pressure: Ptotal= P1 + P2 + P3. Boyles law volume of gas inversely proportional to pressure. P1V1=P2V2 this may include squeezes, equalization of air spaces, reverse blocks, and lung rupture injuries. Charles law volume of gas proportional to absolute temp. V1/T1 = V2/T2. General gas P1V1/T1 = "" - correct answer-True Objects in maask appear larger 4/3rds and closer. In water sound travels four times faster which makes it hard to determine location. Heat transferred by conduction, convection, or radiation - correct answer- True DIVING PHYSIOLOGY - near drowning is drowning w/ at least 24 hrs of survival, drowning is death within 24 hours. Narcosis is from breathing nitrogen gas under pressure, drunk. Decompression sickness/DCS if stay too long or ascend too quick bubbles in body nitrogen. Limb bends is joint pain commonly due to DCS. Neurolical bends "". Skin bends itchy, inner ear bends vertigo, chokes is pulmonary DCS usually from flying blocks circulation to lungs. FIRST AID: 100% O2, transport to nearest chamber. Air embolism is bubbles scaping alveoli and block heart, brain, etc. Hypothermia is temp below 95F. Vertigo ear drum equalization cold air rushes into middle earpressure change. Don't dive while pregnant. - correct answer- True

DECOMPRESSION AND RECOMPRESSION - ascent rate is 30 ft per min. If a diver is cold use next greatest dive time - correct answer-True rescue, navigation.... NIGHT/LIMITED 10 ft or less, tannin brownish chemicals from trees, line up shore line lights, night divers use a minimum of two lights per diver one as backup. SIGNALS: Ok circle, distress rapid swing in overhead arc, attention back and forth side to side - correct answer-True SEARCH AND LIGHT SALVAGE - counting arm spans, kick cycles (one complete kick of both legs on top), reference lines - correct answer-True TECHNIQUES - recreational equipment generally good to 130 ft - correct answer-True TECHNICAL - EANx reccomends limit O2 of 1.4ata - correct answer-True LEADERSHIP FUNDAMENTALS we're called training assistants before dive master. lead by example, what you do and say. Def: is a buffer between instructor and students ask q's, only work to your level of training and don't be negligent. Waiver and release form so they are assuming the risk. Effective leaders and organizaed and punctual and plan for roles. Be onfident in your knowledge, learning experience, and ability. - correct answer-True Directed experience is specific task to gain experience in, most influential. Leadership judgement: ability to make good diving decision for yourself and others. Dive master: lead for certified divers and assist in course. Master diver is most - correct answer-True LEADERSHIP AND CONDUCTING DIVE ACTIVITIES - 3 fundamental steps to planning dive: what are the objectives of dive (why), recognize needs of students and staff, identify equipment needed. - correct answer-True Downside to diving in remote areas is emergency help. Your buddy is an essential tool, as NAUI leaders we are all about educating them of values of ocean, etc. - correct answer-True Directions need to be explained, understood, and agreed upon by group. And policies need to make sense and be productive - correct answer-True

Global awareness: knowing whats going on around you at all times (immediate surroundings, not acutal globe) - correct answer-True NAUI the absolute concentration used to respond to divers enjoyment, needs to ensure safe diving - correct answer-True Too fast ascent is 1.5 knots...theres top, middle, and bottom current and they can go different directions b/c of wind - correct answer-true LEADERSHIP ROLES - set up dives for certified divers, divemasters work as underwater guides and you are qualified ^ for certified divers ONLY, know students are doing the right thing from GOOD judgement, experience, and professionalism - correct answer-true CRITERIA NAUI safety and professional respons (6-8 people reasonable), good communication skills so divers are aware of potential risks and hazards, able to do multiple things to make you marketable, organize record and keeping of dives - correct answer-True drift diving types float (bringing it along w/ you and on safety stop this is the safest/best), lag boat diving (captain identifies everybody and picks up, can be dangerous), anchor drifts anchor line really deep sail fish, weighted drift is weighted line - correct answer-True deep diving 60 --> 130 ft, minimum instrumentationn is depth gauge, pressure gauge and timing device. safety stop one half way for a minute and regular - correct answer-true ACCIDENT PREVENTION stay on top for buddy checks, things will be in and out of your control do your best when in control, but its not always your problem. Environment is not controllable, but give briefing also psychological, equipment related is but skill level is not - correct answer-True LEADERSHIP ACTIONS assess and respond appropriately and resolve problem if possible. Destress is the building up of stressors called task loading and leads to most problems so don't dive. - correct answer- true 3 levels of contrindication temporary, relative, and absolute (worst). Most common injury is DCS, but very few people actually die diving each year cause drowning - correct answer-true

Which principle represents one basis for the hydrostatic testing of scuba cylinders? - correct answer- permanent expansion which internal valve designs are available in the first stage of scuba regulators? - correct answer-piston, diaphragm a dive team wants to recover (lift) a 380 pound (172 kg)(dry weight) anchor from the bottom of the ocean. The anchor displaces 3 cubic feet (85 liters) of sea water. The bottom composition is flat and firm. How many lift bags, rated for 50 pounds (23 kg) of lift each, will it take to recover (lift) the anchor? - correct answer-4 bags a dive team wants to recover (lift) a 380 pound (172 kg)(dry weight) anchor from the bottom of the ocean. The anchor displaces 3 cubic feet (85 liters) of sea water. The bottom composition is flat and firm. How many lift bags, rated for 50 pounds (23 kg) of lift each, will it take to recover (lift) the anchor? - correct answer-4 bags