NAVLE EXAM 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS, Exams of Nursing

Download NAVLE EXAM 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NAVLE EXAM 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE

SOLUTIONS

A litter of 6 week old kittens is being evaluated because of intermittent soft stools with flecks of blood. The kittens are confined in an unsanitary cage. Two direct fecal examinations show oocysts. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy? dichlorvos fenbendazol ivermectin piperazine sulfadimethoxine - Precise Answer ✔✔sulfadiemthoxine (Albon, for coccidiosis) On examination of the cranial nerves in a 3-year old female cat, the right pupil appears to be larger than the left pupil. The right pupil shows no response when light is shone into either eye. The left pupil constricts when light is shone into either eye. Mild ventrolateral strabismus is noted in the right eye only. These findings are most consistent with a lesion at which of the following locations? left occipital cortex right occipita cortex right optic (II) nerve

right oculomotor (III) nerve right abducens (VI) nerve - Precise Answer ✔✔right oculomotor (III) nerve A 4-year old second-lactation Holstein cow that is 150 days in milk has been in anestrus since calving. On palpation of the rectum, a cystic structure that is 3cm in diameter is identified on the left ovary. Administration of which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment? Follicle-stimulating hormone followed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in 15 days Gonadotropin-releasing hormone followed by prostaglandin in 15 days Melengesterol acetate followed by prostaglandin in 19 days Prostaglandin followed by melengestrol acetate in 19 days - Precise Answer ✔✔Gonadotropin-releasing hormone followed by prostaglandin in 15 days A 10-year-old commercial beef cow has had a gradually diminished appetite and progressive weight loss over the past two months. Feces are dry and scanty. She continues to drink water. Physical examination shows distention of the left paralumbar fossa and ventral right abdominal wall. On rectal palpation, the rumen is full of firm ingesta and the ventral sac extends to the right of midline (L-shaped). Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Administration of bisthmuth subsalicylate with sucrose

Administraiton of magnesium hydroxide Exploratory laparotomy Salvage to slaughter Surgical creation of a rumen fistual - Precise Answer ✔✔Salvage to slaughter Fifteen percent to 20% of feedlot heifers that recently arrived from several auction markets are anorectic. Physical examination of the heifers shows serous nasal and ocular discharge, short explosive cough, and hyperemia of nasal mucosa. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Atypical interstitial pneumonia Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis Mucosal disease Pasturellosis Mycoplasmosis - Precise Answer ✔✔Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis A group of 1000 5-week-old pigs has experienced a 2% death loss since weaning two weeks ago. most of the deaths were sudden; however, approximately 3% of the pigs showed clinical signs of lethargy, lameness, and labored breathing before dying. Postmortem examination of an affected pig shows severe fibrinous pleuritis, pericarditis, and peritonitis. Which of the following is the most likely causal organism? Arcanobacterium suis

Escheria coli Haemophilus parasuis Salmonella cholerasuis Streptococcus suis - Precise Answer ✔✔Haemophilus parasuis A 9-week-old Rottweiler-mix puppy is beign evaluated because of an itchy rash around the lips and eyelids. Temperature is 103.3F. Physical examination shows swellign of the muzzle, pruritic, exudative pustiles around the lips and eyelids, and swelling of the submandibular lymph nodes bilaterally. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? Cephalexin and prednisone Clindamycin and carprofen Enrofloxcin and etodolac Topical amitraz Topical betamethasone - Precise Answer ✔✔Cephalexin and prednisone A 5-year old Simmental cow who is used as a donor for embryo transfer is evaluated because of the acute onset of anorexia and lethargy. She has been flushed six times; the most recent flushing occured 10 days ago. Rectal temperature is 104F. During PE, the cow is reluctant to move and periodically kicks at her abdomen. On rectal palpation, the left kidney is grossly enlarged and has a smooth texture. When stimulated to urinate, the urine is grossly hematuric; numerous blood clots and fibrin are present. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?

Administration of gentamicin intravenously Administration of procaine penicillin G intramuscularly Long-term catheterization of the bladder Surgical removal of the enlarged kidney No treatment is indicated - Precise Answer ✔✔Administration of procaine penicillin G intramuscularly In a mare, a 30-day pregnancy is most likely to be detected on rectal examination by which of the following? Absence of ovarian follicles Palpation of the chorionic vesicle Palpation of the corpus luteum Palpation of the fetus Slipping the fetal membranes - Precise Answer ✔✔Palpation of the chorionic vesicle a 12-year old male budgerigar is evaluated because of a two-week history of progressive difficulty gripping with the right foot. The client reports that during the past three days, the bird has stopped using the foot entirely but he still flies around the house daily. On physical examination, mild coelomic distention is palpated. The bird is standing on his perch using the left leg only. All toes of the right food are pointing downward with no gripping capability. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the paralysis?

Chronic heavy metal toxicity Previous trauma Renal neoplasm Right-sided intervertebral disk disease Severe arthritis - Precise Answer ✔✔Renal neoplasm A 6-year-old male Cocker Spaniel dog has recurrent otitis externa. Microscopic examination of a smear of purulent discharge from the ear shows large numbers of rod-shaped bacteria. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism? Escheria coli Klebsiella spp Pasturella multocida Psuedomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus intermedius - Precise Answer ✔✔Psuedomonas aeruginosa In cases of pyothorax in the cat, which of the following microorganisms are most frequently cultured from pleural fluid? Chlamydiae Mycoplasmas Obligate anaerobes Spirochetes

Yeasts - Precise Answer ✔✔Obligate anaerobes A 12-year old spayed female Persian cat is evaluated because of a one- week history of anorexia, vomiting, polyuria, and polydipsia. BCS is 3/9. PE shows lethargy and enlarged, irregular kidneys bilaterally. Serum study shows: BUN 32.18 (N 10-30) Creat 2.54 (N 0.5-2) Gluc 110 (N 65-120) Which of the following is the most likely cause of these findings? Bacterial cystitis Chronic interstitial nephritis Diabetes mellitus Polycistic kidney disease Transitional cell carcinoma - Precise Answer ✔✔Polycistic kidney disease Approximately 10% of the piglet litters in the farrowing rooms of a swine farm have mild, watery-to-pasty diarrhea. The manager of the farm reports that this diarrhea occurs sporadically in litters as early as two to three days of age and is most prevalent in gilt litters. Mortality resulting from this diarrhea is low, but dehydration and poor growth rate lead to lower weaning weights. Treatment with gentamicin has been ineffective, so the manager does not treat the piglets for the diarrhea. Which of the following is the most likely causal agent? Circovirus Parvovirus

Porcine enterovirus Rotavirus Transmissible gastroenteritis virus - Precise Answer ✔✔Rotavirus A 7-year old castrated male Thoroughbred horse has a three-week history of intermittent cough associated with eating, unilateral (left- sided) Horner's syndrome, and intermittent bilateral, green-tinged nasal discharge. Two days ago, the horse bled profusely from the left nostril. Which of the following is the most likely source of the hemorrhage? Ethmoid hematoma Internal carotid artery Maxillary sinus mucosa Maxillary vein Nasal turbinates - Precise Answer ✔✔Internal carotid artery A 17-year-old castrated male American Quarter Horse was pawing and making repeated attempts to roll when the owner entered the barn this morning. Its weight is 1103 lbs (500kg), temperature is 99.9*F, heart rate is 68 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 32 breaths/ min. Physical examination shows tacky oral mucous membranes, a capillary refill time of 2-3 secs, and a skin tent that persists for 3-4 seconds. No intestinal borborygmi are audible on auscultation of the abdomen. Which of the following is the most appropriate volume of isotonic crystalloid fluid to administer to correct dehydration? 1L, 5L, 10L, 40L, or 80L - Precise Answer ✔✔40L

The owner of a flock of 85 sheep reports that approximately 33% of ewes have had abortions or have delivered lambs with marked weakness during the past three weeks. Thirty-two ewes were purchased from a farm in a neighborhood state and were introduced to the flock four weeks ago. The ewes appear to be healthy. Postmortem examination of an aborted fetus shows marked thickening of the placenta. A zoonotic organism from which of the following genera is the most likely cause of these findings? Campylobacter Chlamydophila Coxiella Leptospira Mycoplasma - Precise Answer ✔✔Coxiella An 82 lb (37kg) 8 year old neutered male German Shepherd mixed- breed dog is being evaluated because of a two-month history of decreased exercise tolerance. The client reports that the dog had two episodes of "profound weakness" on walks during the past week. The dog seems comfortable at home, but his "heart is racing all the time." Two years ago, another veterinarian diagnosed the dog with hypothyroidism and prescribed oral levothyroxine 0.8mg twice daily. Dosage was reevaluated one month after initiation of treatment and was determined appropriate. Appetite, urination, and bowel movements are normal. BCS is 6/9. Temp is 101.2*F and heart rate is 180 bpm. The dog is panting. PE detects a pulse deficit that occurs three to five times each minute. No other abnormalities are noted. Results of complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, and urinalysis are within normal

limits. Which of the following is the most lik - Precise Answer ✔✔Decreased cardiac output A group of 6-10 week old lambs and their dams have crusted, proliferative lesions on the lips. PE shows underlying crusts consisting of raised granulation tissue. There are no lesions on the buccal or lingual mucosa. The majority of the lambs are affected, but only 5% of the adult sheep are affected. Affected lambs are active and are nursing. The only adult goat on the farm has similar lesions. The horses, cattle, and pigs on the farm are unaffected. Which of the following is the most appropriate management? Addition of organic iodine to trace mineralized salt Oral administration of griseofulvin Parenteral administation of oxytetracycline Parenteral administration of procaine penicillin G Observation - Precise Answer ✔✔Observation A 4-year-old mixed-breed dog has had diarrhea and weight loss for the past eight weeks. The diarrhea is characterized by increased volume of feces without mucus or blood. The dog defecates approximately three times per day without tenesmus. Results of complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, trypsin-like immunoreactivity, and urinalysis are within normal limits. Multiple fecal examinations are negative for parasites and pathogenic bacteria. Which of the following steps is most likely to confirm a diagnosis?

Administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone Colonoscopy with biopsies of the colon Initiation of a highly-digestible diet Measurement of serum cobalamin and folate concentrations Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of the stomach and duodenum - Precise Answer ✔✔Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of the stomach and duodenum A 4-year-old Standardbred stallion is being evaluated because he has been racing poorly for the past two months. On auscultation of the thorax, there is an irregular rate and intensity of heart sounds. An electrocardiogram shows an absence of P waves. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Atrial fibrillation Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia Premature ventricular contractions Ventricular fibrilation Wandering atrial pacemaker - Precise Answer ✔✔Atrial fibrillation Blastomycosis may be disseminated in dogs, but which of the following is most frequently the primary site of involvement? Intestine Liver

Lungs Nasal cavity Spleen - Precise Answer ✔✔Lungs A 4-year old intact female ferret has had lethargy and depression for the past 24 hours. On physical examination, the mucous membranes are extremely pale and the vulva is swollen. Packed cell volume is markedly decreased. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Estrogen toxicity Gastric ulceration Gastrointestinal parasitism Hypovitaminosis C Pyometra - Precise Answer ✔✔Estrogen toxicity A 10-year old dog has had difficulty walking for the past week. Findings on physical and neurologic examinations include hypermetria and a decreased hopping reflex in the left fore- and hindlimbs. A lesion is most likely to be found on which of the following structures of the nervous system? Left brainstem Left cerebellum Left cerebrum Right brainstem

Right cerebellum - Precise Answer ✔✔Left cerebellum Fifteen of a group of 200, 7-month old feedlot calves are lame. The calves arrived at the feedlot approximately one month ago, and one week later 40 of the animals developed pneumonia. These calves were treated with oxytetracycline, and the pneumonia appeared to resolve. On physical examination, the affected calves have swellings in the carpi, tarsi, and stifles with distention of associated tendon sheaths, and a stiff gait. Two calves are euthanized. Postmortem examination shows fibrinous pleuritis and papillary muscle necrosis. Which of the following organisms is the most likely cause of these signs? Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus) Mannheimia (Pasturella) haemolytica Pasturella multocida Salmonella typhimurium - Precise Answer ✔✔Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus) At the present time, which of the following is the most effective managemetnt for effective management for eradication of brucellosis in cattle? Serologic identification and vaccination of infected animals Serologic identification of infected animals followed by isolation and slaughter Vaccination of all animals as calves

Vaccination of all animals that had no detectable serologic titer Vaccination of all susceptible animals as calves and before pregnancy - Precise Answer ✔✔Serologic identification of infected animals followed by isolation and slaughter A 13-year-old cat has a large, firm mass of the third mammary gland on the right side. Which of the following represents the likelihood that this tumor is malignant? 10%, 25%. 40%, 60%, 90% - Precise Answer ✔✔90% A 5-year-old female West Highland White Terrier dog is brought back to the clinic ten days after being diagnosed as having pyoderma. Physical examination at the time had shown papules, pustules, and epidermal collarettes predominantly distributed in the inguinal region. A two-week course of trimethoprim-sulfadiazine at a standard dose was prescribed, and the client reported clearing of the lesions within a few days. The dog has now developed spreading, circular, bull's-eye erythematous lesions on the thorax and forelimbs. There are some papules but no erosion or ulceration. A skin biopsy is obtained. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step pending the results of the skin biopsy? Administer oral prednisone Change medication to cephalexin Change medication to itraconazole Continue current therapy

Discontinue all therapy - Precise Answer ✔✔Discontinue all therapy A 2-year-old spayed female indoor/ outdoor Singaura cat has had severe facial pruritus for the past two weeks. Vaccinations are up-to-date, and the cat is on a monthly regimen of topical imidacloprid. Examination of the skin shows linear ulcers along the ventral aspects of both mandibles and miliary scabs on the ventral and lateral aspects of the neck. The remainder of the dermis appears normal. Deep and surface skin scrapings and dermatophyte culture are negative. Which of the following is the most appropriate next diagnostic step? Serum allergy testing Thyroid function testing Trial of a hypoallergenic diet Trial of intramuscular methylprednisolone Trial of oral cyclosporine - Precise Answer ✔✔Trial of a hypoallergenic diet Which of the following gaits best describes a horse with stringhalt? Abnormally jerky hyperflexion of the hock Ataxia and circumduction of the hindlimb Hindlimb intermittently locked into extension Non-weight-bearing lameness of the hindlimb Rear foot jerks caudally just prior to ground contact - Precise Answer ✔✔Abnormally jerky hyperflexion of the hock

A 3-month old Jersey heifer calf is being evaluated because she is constantly humped up, straining, and dribbling urine. The owner noticed that urine was dripping from the calf's navel for a few days after she was born. The calf is bright and alert, is in good body condition, and has a shiny haircoat. Vital signs are normal. A free catch urine sample is obtained, and the only abnormal finding of a urine dipstick test is 1+ blood. Urine sediment examination shows primarily red blood cells and a few white blood cells. A BUN dipstick on whole blood shows no color change. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most likely to help establish the diagnosis? Abdominal ultrasonography Analysis of peritoneal fluid Karyotyping Measurement of whole blood selenium concentration Serum biochemistry profile - Precise Answer ✔✔Abdominal ultrasonography Cytologic examination of a sample of a tracheal wash from a cat with moderate dyspnea shows abundant mucus and many eosinophils, fewer macrophages and neutrophils, and scattered ciliated columnar epithelial cells. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? Anthelmintics Antibiotics Anticancer drug

Antimycotics Corticosteroids - Precise Answer ✔✔Cortiocosteroids A 12-week-old kitten is evaluated on the advice of the client's family physician because regional lmyphadenitis caused by Bartonella hensalae infetion was diagnosed in their 8-year-old daughter two days ago. The kitten was acquired from a shelter three weeks ago. There are no other cats or dogs in the household. While awaiting the results of serologic tests for B henselae infection in the kitten, the clients should be advised to avoid which of the following to prevent further transmission of infection to other family members? Bite wounds from the kitten Contact with the kitten's feces Contact with the kitten's saliva Scratch wounds from the kitten - Precise Answer ✔✔Scratch wounds from the kitten The presence of large numbers of the tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses is most likely associated with which of the following? Gastric ulceration Ileocecal intussusception Right dorsal colitis Small intestinal volvulus

Torsion of the large colon - Precise Answer ✔✔Ileocecal intussusception A 400lb (182kg) steer has had an open sore above the hoof of the right hindlimb for the past seven days. The sore has a purulent discharge. The owner reports that the steer initially had moderate swelling just below the dewclaw and above the bulb of the foot three weeks ago. The owner was unable to treat the steer, and fie days later the swelling decreased. After an additional five days, the area above the right lateral claw became swollen, and the steer was markedly lame. During the next 10 days, the swelling increased and the skin at the coronary band broke open. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the current finding? Digital dermatitis Interdigital fibroma Mycoplasma bovis infection Septic arthritis Sole abscess - Precise Answer ✔✔Septic arthritis A 6-year-old Abyssinian cat with a four-year history of grand mal seizures requires surgery to remove an intestinal foreign body. The client says the cat has a seizure about once every three months but is not on anticonvulsant therapy. Which of the following is the safest to use as a preanesthetic agent? Acepromazine

Diazepam Ketamine Phenytoin Xylazine - Precise Answer ✔✔Diazepam Five percent of a flock of 30,000 5-week-old broiler chickens have a sudden onset of diarrhea. On postmortem examination, the birds are dehydrated; the middle third of the intestine is dilated and inflammed with bloody intestinal contents. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism? Capillaria spp Eimeria spp Haemoproteus spp Heterakis spp Syngamus spp - Precise Answer ✔✔Eimeria spp Clinical signs of ketosis in the bovine are most commonly observed at which of the following times? Three months before parturition Three weeks before parturition Three days before parturition Three weeks after parturition

Three months after parturition - Precise Answer ✔✔Three weeks after parturition In North America, which of the following organisms is most commonly associated with visceral larva migrans in humans? Baylisascaris procyonis Dirofilaria immitis Toxocara canis Toxocara felis Toxoplasma gondii - Precise Answer ✔✔Toxocara canis A cat is being evaluated after falling from a third-story window. The cat has blood on the face, but appears stable. Physical examination of the mouth shows instability of the mandibular symphysis. Which of the following is the most appropriate management? Application of a tape muzzle Kirschner-Ehmer pin fixation Placement of an acrylic implant Placement of an encircling wire caudal to the canine teeth - Precise Answer ✔✔Placement of an encircling wire caudal to the canine teeth In the dog, which of the following is the most likely to result from ingestion of the rodenticide cholecalciferol?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation Hypercalcemic nephropathy Hypocalcemic tetany Hypokalemic nephropathy Petechial hemorrhage caused by a marked reduction in platelet aggregation - Precise Answer ✔✔Hypercalcemic nephropathy Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis most commonly occurs in dogs through contact with which of the following? Cattle Chickens Humans Soil Swine - Precise Answer ✔✔Humans The rodenticides brodifacoum and bromadiolone cause which of the following conditions in cats? Coagulopathy Hepatotoxiciy Neurotoxicosis Organophosphate toxicity

Renal toxicity - Precise Answer ✔✔Coagulopathy Which of the following is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in the dog? Acute renal failure Chronic renal failure Hypervitaminosis D Lymphoma Primary hyperparathyroidism - Precise Answer ✔✔Lymphoma Premolar and molar malocclusion is most likely to develop in which of the following animals? Gerbils Guinea pigs Hamsters Mice Rats - Precise Answer ✔✔Guinea pigs In a dog, a ranula consists of which of the following? Enlargement of the submandibular lymph node A fistula leading to the parotid gland

Gingival hyperplasia Leakage of saliva from the zygomatic gland into the submucosa of the lower eyelid Presence in sublingual tissue of extravasated saliva from the sublingual gland - Precise Answer ✔✔Presence in sublingual tissue of extravasated saliva from the sublingual gland A 4-year old Standardbred gelding is being examined because of fever, depression, and anorexia. A wound is noted over the fetlock. Treatment consists of stall rest, a course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and phenylbutazone, and local wound care. Two days later, the gelding is passing manure but remains inappetent. It is unsteady on its feet and has begun to bite at its legs, vocalize, and show signs of aggression toward the owner. The owner should be advised to do which of the following? Allow the gelding to have pasture turn-out Discontinue the antibiotic Discontinue the phenylbutazone Provide a companion for the horse Stop handling the horse immediately - Precise Answer ✔✔Stop handling the horse immediately A 9-year-old castrated male Himalayan cat has a one-week history of mild dyspnea and inappetence. No abnormalities are seen on laboratory tests. Thoracic radiographs show a 3-cm solitary mass in the caudal lung lobe. Percutaneous aspiration and cytologic examination of the mass show a large number of degenerative neutrophils and a few atypical

epithelial cells with prominent nucleoli and increased nuclear-to- cytoplasm ratio. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Metastatic neoplasia Pulmonary abscess Pulmonary adenocarcinoma Pulmonary granuloma Pulmonary hematoma - Precise Answer ✔✔Pulmonary adenocarcinoma An adult spayed female cat that is being treated for renal failure has a urine culture positive for bacterial organisms sensitive to a wide variety of antimicrobial agents. Which of the following antimicrobials requires an adjustment in dose or dose-interval in this cat? Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Lincomycin Metronidazole Orbifloxacin - Precise Answer ✔✔Orbifloxacin A veterinarian has been asked to "float the teeth" of a 15-year-old Arabian gelding. Examination of the teeth is most likely to show which of the following?

The teeth are longest on the buccal surface of both the upper and lower arcades The teeth are longest on the buccal surface of the upper arcade and the lingual surface of the lower arcade The teeth are longest on the lingual surface of both the upper and lower arcades The teeth are longest on the lingual surface of the upper arcade and the buccal surface of the lower arcade There is no difference in wear between the buccal and lingual surfaces of either the upper or lower arcade - Precise Answer ✔✔The teeth are longest on the buccal surface of the upper arcade and the lingual surface of the lower arcade Which of the following is the holding layer when suturing the small intestine in a dog? Mucosa Muscularis Omentum Serosa Submucosa - Precise Answer ✔✔Submucosa A 2-year-old domestic shorthaired cat is being evaluated because of an apparent inability to urinate. On examination, the cat has a large bladder that is easily expressed. The tail is limp, with no voluntary movement. Anal sphincter tone is normal. These findings are most consistent with which of the following?