NAVTA Exam Professional Veterinary Nursing Exam Study Guide, Exams of Nursing

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Dr. Smith visits a farm to perform vaccines and routine procedures on a horse. Which restraint equipment should be used? - ansHalter and lead Which is an incorrect way to pick up a cat? - ansHold the front two legs and let the back legs hang free Which is an example of psychological restraint? - ansTapping the head with a pen Max the German Shepherd is at the clinic today for vaccinations. Upon entering the exam room the veterinarian notices that Max has his ears back and is baring his teeth. What behavior is Max exhibiting? - ansAggression What is the primary concern when restraining a rabbit? - ansIf the rear legs are not held properly the rabbit can break its back attempting to kick A cat needs to be restrained to check vital signs. Less-is-more restraint has been tried, but more restraint is needed. What is the term for the base of the neck where the skin is elastic and easy to grab for increased restraint application? - ansScruff What is this restraint tool? - ansBasket muzzle Which describes how a towel may be used best as a restraint tool? - ansWrap up an angry cat When applying a gauze muzzle to an aggressive dog, which is an important consideration prior to its application? - ansLength of the gauze When restraining an irritated cat for jugular venipuncture, what technique is most effective? - ansTuck the hind legs under your elbow with the front feet restrained in one hand and the head in the other What must you always have control of when restraining a patient? - ansHead and body Which is the most appropriate type of restraint device for cows? - ansCattle chute Which item is not a required part of the veterinary assistant uniform? - ansJewelry When presenting an estimate to an owner in an exam room, which type of language is appropriate? - ansMedical terminology and layman's terms When is it appropriate to take photos of patients for hospital use? - ansDepends on hospital policy When is it appropriate to use cell phones during work hours? - ansDepends on hospital policy The assistant helps with an outpatient vaccine appointment for a 10 week old bulldog puppy and thinks the puppy is adorable. Which behavior is NOT acceptable? - ansPost a selfie with the puppy on personal social media Mr. Williams has arrived for his dog Sam's vaccination appointment. While walking to the exam room, Mr. Williams asks why the client who just left was crying. How should Mr. Williams' assistant answer the question? - ansApologize and tell Mr. Williams that other patients cannot be discussed with clients, friends, or those not involved with the case The veterinary assistant takes a message from Mrs. Jones, along with her contact information, who wants to know the results of Missy's lab work. Who should receive this message? - ansVeterinarian Maddy, a new feline patient, has an appointment for vaccines. Her owner does not remember which vaccines she has had. What information is needed before the assistant can call the previous veterinary clinic to request vaccination records? - ansPatient and owner name

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A new patient presents for a dental cleaning. Proof of Rabies vaccine is required, which the owner does not have. What protocol should be followed? - ansContact the previous clinic and request proof of vaccination The tone of voice is the second most important part of communication. When speaking with a client, what tone of voice should be used? - ansEven pitch and empathetic Rocky, a 6 month old boxer, was neutered today at the hospital. His procedure is complete and his owner needs to be contacted with an update. Which method of communication is most appropriate when contacting an owner to provide an update? - ansPhone The veterinary assistant does not know the answer to a client's emailed question. What is the most appropriate course of action? - ansPrint the email, consult with the veterinarian, and respond with the information in a timely manner Every interaction should show respect for the other person. Which action does not show respect?

• ansUsing closed gestures The clinic has been treating "Hank", a Heeler mix, for eating garbage. The owner's mother, whose name is not on the medical record, calls to find out what is going on with the dog. What information is she given? - ansMedical information can only be given to the owner Which animal is most vulnerable to severe spinal cord damage when handled improperly? - ansRabbit Which is the best way to handle a difficult client that is angry about their bill? - ansListen to their complaint, sympathize with their situation and communicate the details of their bill Which defines ethics? - ansThe system of moral principles that determines appropriate behavior and actions within a specific group A co-worker is observed aggressively pulling on a dog with a slip leash until its front legs are up off the ground and the dog flips over backward. What action should be taken? - ansReport the event immediately to the nearest supervisor or DVM Jane is a veterinary assistant. At dinner she told her friend about her favorite patient Rex Jones that came into the clinic for vomiting, and she shared the treatment that was performed. Jane is in violation of which ethical practice? - ansConfidentiality Which scenario would be considered an unethical treatment of a hospitalized animal? - ansNot providing fresh water and food as ordered The receptionist in the clinic has verbalized a religious belief of not being able to view a particular species of reptile. Since the afternoon appointment is for this species, what can be done to accommodate both the receptionist and the client? - ansHave another employee serve the client with the reptile According to the Arizona State Statutes for Ethical Practices, who is the only person that can make recommendations for a pet's care? - ansVeterinarian The veterinary assistant forgot to give medication to a hospitalized patient. It is 4 hours later than the scheduled time. What should the assistant do? - ansExplain to the veterinary technician or the veterinarian what happed and seek their advice A client has a 4-H chicken that is treated as a family member with a wound that needs antibiotic therapy. What item required on the drug label may need to be explained to prevent the client

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from becoming upset because of the human-animal bond with the bird? - ansDrug withdrawal time for meat and egg use The human-animal bond is a unique and complex relationship between people and their pets. What must the veterinary assistant do regarding the human-animal bond? - ansUnderstand, respect and encourage A Chihuahua needs a nail trim. Which type of appointment is most appropriate? - ansTechnician/Assistant Mr. Bennett took the cat she adopted from a high-density shelter to the clinic because of sneezing. Why is it important to isolate this patient from other patients? - ansThe cat may have a contagious upper respiratory infection A dog with a cough is immediately placed into an exam room for evaluation. What is the reason this dog was placed into a room before other patients? - ansThe exam room will help prevent exposure to other animal A 7 week old Labrador is coming to the clinic because of vomiting and diarrhea. Upon arrival where should the dog wait for its appointment? - ansDesignated exam room When scheduling an appointment for a brand new client, which is the most important piece of information you should get before hanging up the phone? - ansOwner's phone number By Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines, where should information on all chemicals used in the clinic be quickly referenced? - ansSafety data sheets When mopping the floor, which precaution is applied to ensure safety for those in the work area?

• ansPlace a wet floor sign at each end At what weight range is a second person needed to help lift a dog? - ans40-60Ibs Why is it best to have two refrigerators? - ansOne for biologics and one for employee food Thirty-five pound bags of dog food need to be moved. What is the best technique for moving the dog food? - ansPlace on a wheeled dolly This label is on a bottle of isopropyl alcohol. Based on the current OSHA hazardous labeling requirements, what are the dangers associated with its use? - ansFlammable and irritant A veterinary assistant removes and discards full PPE of gloves, gown, and face shield. What is the reason for shedding the gown over the gloves until all items are inside out? - ansTo push the highest contact value of contamination into a grouping away from the body In an appropriate isolation protocol, where should PPE and the medical mask be discarded? - ansIn a separate hands-free bio-waste container near the patient When caring for a puppy with parvovirus infection, the stethoscope and thermometer should be managed in what manner? - ansThey should be left in isolation with patient and disinfected with appropriate cleaner after each use A bottle of diff-Quick stain has spilled on the counter of the hospital lab. After putting on PPE, what is the reasonable approach to managing the spill? - ansUse chemical absorbent pads to soak up the liquid After setting up a fecal float, it is knocked over and spills on the counter and down the cabinet. How should this be cleaned? - ansPPE donned, absorbent material to pick up liquids, detergent applied with disposable wipe

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Per Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines, which icon should be displayed on a refrigerator to store medications? - ansNo food allowed A technician is caring for a dog with leptospirosis, a bacterial disease that survives in the urine and is harmful to people. The dog's urine needs to be discarded. What protocol should be followed? - ansDouble bag the closed off bag and discard it in the biohazard container An evacuation drill is performed in the clinic. Following protocol, after leaving through the nearest exit what is the next step? - ansMeet at the designated meeting point for a head count The clinic was recently remodeled. It has an automated external defibrillator (AED) and five fire extinguishers, and evacuation and safety diagrams were updated due to the remodel. How should this information be disseminated to the employees? - ansDesignate the location of the AED and extinguishers on a diagram and conduct safety drills The veterinary assistant is setting up a urinalysis when the fire alarm goes off. What should she do? - ansStop what she is doing and head to the nearest exit The veterinary assistant observes a new co-worker preparing to take a dog out of a kennel. He knows the dog is often aggressive. What is the most appropriate response to the situation? - ansStop the coworker and inform her of the patient's behavioral history According to the CDC, in the general healthcare setting, what is the most important factor in hand washing and sanitizing to prevent patient or self exposure to contamination? - ansPrompt timeliness before and after at risk contact What does OSHA stand for? - ansOccupational Safety and Health Administration What does MSDS stand for? - ansMaterial Safety Data Sheet Why is the EPA involved in the removal of medical waste? - ansTo ensure the safety of the environment What information should be included on an OSHA container label? - ansFlammability Which type of gloves are not recommended for working with chemicals that are used in the veterinary facility? - ansVinyl After handling an infectious patient, which course of action is most appropriate? - ansRemove gloves, wash hands, dry with a paper towel, apply new gloves before moving on to the next patient A patient is presented for nystagmus, ataxia, and a head tilt. What body system is most likely being affected? - ansNervous system Abnormal findings on the skin must be documented in the medical record. In which body system would this abnormality be documented? - ansIntegumentary system The integumentary system is composed of which organs and/or structures? - ansHair, skin, nails What is the name of the movement of a muscle that is under control of the animal? - ansVoluntary What principal artery carries oxygenated blood to other smaller blood vessels? - ansAorta The purpose of the circulatory system is to distribute blood through the body, oxygenate the blood, and return the blood back to the heart. What vessels return blood to the heart? - ansVeins Which body system keeps infectious microorganisms out of the body? - ansImmune system What is the term used to describe the inability to breathe? - ansApnea

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Which organ is known as the "voice box" and is loaded in the upper respiratory system? - ansLarynx What is the name of the ruminant stomach compartment that breaks down roughages by using bacteria and protozoa? - ansRumen What is the name of the hormone that promotes reabsorption of water from collecting in the kidneys? - ansAntidiuretic What structure is used for filtering waste from the blood, balancing fluids, and forming urine? - ansKidney The nervous system is composed of which structures? - ansNeurons, spinal cord, brain What is the name of the chemical that travels from a gland to deliver a message to the target tissue? - ansHormones What portion of the brain is responsible for producing certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system? - ansHypothalamus What is the name of the organ that produces male gametes? - ansTestes Which male reproductive structure is responsible for the storage of sperm? - ansEpididymis The sensory system is responsible for processing smell, taste, touch, hearing and site. What part of the sensory system reacts to the physical stimulus in the environment? - ansReceptors What body system uses antibodies to fight against specific antigens? - ansImmune Which dog breed is classified as brachycephalic? - ansEnglish bulldog Feline injection site sarcomas are primarily associated with which two vaccines? - ansFeLV and rabies vaccines Which one of the following problems is often associated with gastric dilation/volvulus in dogs - ansSplenic torsion A patient presents to the animal hospital and is observed walking in circles, often tripping, and lacking balance. What sign is the patient exhibiting? - ansAtaxia Sampson is a 10 year old Miniature Dachshund presenting to the emergency hospital for respiratory distress. When taking Sampson's vitals his mm are discovered to be a bluish-gray color. Which is most likely the cause of bluish-gray mm? - ansOxygenation issues A client visits the clinic to inquire about protein percentage requirements for cats. What is the acceptable percentage? - ans30% Which characteristic is not true about a virus? - ansTreated with antibiotics Malassezia is commonly found in canines with Otitis Externa. What type of microorganism is this? - ansFugus Which microorganism is characterized by being one-celled, comparatively larger, and treated with antibiotics? - ansBacteria Which disease commonly affects puppies and is characterized by lethargy, inappetance, vomiting, and hemorrhagic diarrhea? - ansParvovirus Why is rabies listed as a zoonotic disease? - ansIt is a disease that people can get from animals Which animal is particularly vulnerable to vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) - ansGuinea pig What is another name for jaundice? - ansIcterus What is wrong with this foal? - ansIcterus Which animal cannot normally regurgitate or vomit? - ansHorse

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Which white blood cells produce antibodies? - anslymphocytes Which best defines anaphylaxis? - ansA body's allergic reaction, possibly to a drug or medication Which type of diet is inappropriate for a diabetic patient? - ansHigh carb A patient has just had a seizure and is in the post-ictal phase. What are you likely to see? - ansAtaxia Which clipper blade is best for clipping a long haired patient for grooming? - ans# What procedure should be performed prior to bathing to protect a patient's eyes? - ansApply artificial tears ointment to both eyes Which clipper blade size will leave hair the shortest? - ans# A responsibility of the veterinary assistant is to demonstrate the appropriate technique for brushing a pet's teeth. It is not safe to brush all surfaces. Which surface should be brushed? - ansBuccal The technician is performing a toenail trim on a 3 month old male puppy. He trims the nails back taking a small amount at a time to ensure that he is not cutting into the quick. What is housed in the quick? - ansNerves and blood supply Which is not used to stop the bleeding of a quick? - ansApplying hydrogen peroxide In dog and cat species, where are the anal glands located? - ans4 and 8 o'clock Which is the best way to prevent water and soap from entering an animal's ear canal during a bath? - ansPlace a small amount of cotton in each ear Which describes how to perform a nail trim on a dog with black nails? - ansTrim small sections at a time According to state and federal laws, veterinary assistants involved in patient care are required to be supervised by whom? - ansVeterinarian and/or technician If the veterinarian is not physically present to provide treatments, which team member can work under indirect supervision? - ansVeterinary technician Diagnosis, prognosis, surgery, and prescribing are all tasks that can only be performed by what team member? - ansVeterinarian The job description for what team member includes being responsible for hospital cleanliness, stocking of supplies, and assisting with patient care if requested by the veterinary technician? - ansKennel assistant Although everyone is considered to be a member of the veterinary healthcare team, who is legally responsible for the safety and well-being of patients and staff? - ansVeterinarian If $677.79 is the total due for a dental procedure and a $300 cash deposit was left when the patient was admitted, what is the remaining amount to be collected? - ans$377. Mr. Howard brought his German Shepherd Spike into the clinic for three vaccines: DA2PP for $32, Bordetella for $19, and Rabies for $26. He also added a heartworm test for $48 and a toenail trim for $21. The exam cost was $50. What is Mr. Howard's total bill? - ans$ What does VCPR stand for? - ansVeterinary Client Patient Relationship If the veterinarian is not physically present to provide treatments, they can be provided under which kind of supervision? - ansIndirect

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Which describes why it is important for veterinary assistants to understand each position and task in the flow of the practice? - ansAllow assistants to anticipate material preparation and work to be done Focusing on customer service is imperative to all positions. In veterinary medicine, which is the customer? - ansThe client Professional appearance is imperative to how a hospital is perceived by a client. Veterinary assistants must consider professional grooming when working in a veterinary hospital. Which must be considered? - ansPatient, personal safety, potential for disease transmission, and highly physical nature of veterinary medicine. You are helping to conduct yearly inventory and have one unopened box of the suture in the picture. How many packets of this suture type will you enter into the computer system? - ans Which bandage material would be considered the primary layer? - ansTelfa pad When reconstituting the freeze dried, powder portion of a vaccine it is important to: - ansUse on the amount of the diluent provided by the manufacturer to reconstitute to powder Which is the most commonly used device to prevent self mutilation and tearing of a bandage? - ansElizabethan collar The assistant is helping the technician with hospitalized patients. After taking Patient A out for a walk, where is the information documented? - ansProgress notes Spot is 2 hours post-op after a neuter procedure. The veterinarian asked the assistant to take Spot outside to relieve himself. Upon their return, what should be documented in the medical chart? - ansBM, urination, attitude The veterinarian asks the assistant to feed a hospitalized patient 1 cup of dry, bland food. After placing the food in the kennel the patient quickly ate it all. What should be noted in the medical chart? - ansAmount fed, amount consumed, time given Max Martin is hospitalized for renal insufficiency. At 3pm his attitude needs to be recorded on his treatment sheet. Max is lying in right lateral recumbency. He responds to sound by moving his eyes, but he does not move his head. How would Max's mentation be recorded? - ansLateral Which is true when determining the gender of a small animal? - ansThe anogenital distance in the female is decreased The veterinary assistant is expected to determine and record required criteria during the patient's visit to the clinic such as temperature, respiration, mucous membrane color, and weight. What else would the veterinary assistant notate? - ansDate of birth, capillary refill time, pulse What characteristics are referred to as TPR? - ansTemperature, pulse, respiration While getting a history on a cat the assistant noticed open-mouthed breathing. What is the appropriate action to take? - ansTell the owner the cat is being taken to the treatment area and notify the veterinarian What feline disease should a patient have negative results before a vaccine is administered? - ansFeline Leukemia Virus Which are two core canine vaccines? - ansDHPP, Rabies To what anatomical location is a rabies vaccine administered in a feline? - ansRight rear leg A 9 week old puppy just received his DHPP. When will the next booster be due? - ans3 wks How long are vaccines good for once reconstituted? - ans1 hrs

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While the inventory manager is out, a box arrives with vaccines on cold packs. What should be done to manage this shipment? - ansPlace the vaccines in the medication refrigerator as specified, and tag with a note of the arrival date and time, place the packaging slip in the inventory manager's area Which team member must sign a rabies certificate following the rabies vaccination? - ansVeterinarian A 6 month old Shih Tzu was spayed today. Which certificate is prepared for the owner as proof of the procedure? - ansSterilization When discharging a patient, what does not need to be verified as completed before the veterinary assistant releases the patient? - ansThe veterinarian has finished writing in the patient's medical record A three-year old intact male Lhasa Apso presents with the problem shown below bilaterally. What test would you do to confirm a diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes)? - ansSchirmer tear test What is a nosocomial infection? - ansan infection acquired in a hospital Which correctly explains triage of emergency patients? - ansSorting of patients into groups depending on their need for immediate intervention Which can be used to assist the veterinary team in determining proper growth and condition of a dog or cat? - ansBody condition score Observing a patient includes which senses? - ansVisual, auditory, olfactory Nosocomial infections are: - ansAcquired by a patient during hospitalization In hospitalized patients the vital signs are taken and recorded as part of the observation by the veterinary assistant. What other data is to be observed and recorded for hospitalized patients? - ansAppetite, urination/defecation, and patient attitude Which is/are a factor in influencing patient feeding and appetite in a hospital setting? - ansAge of patient, additional nutritional requirements due to illness, and effect of illness on appetite Who can catheter placement be performed by? - ansThe veterinarian or technician only Cats smell their food more than they taste it. What will help when feeding cats with nasal congestion? - ansHeating the food Which are two easy methods to increase palatability of food for hospitalized patients? - ansheat and water Why should an animal be fed slowly when force feeding is recommended by the veterinarian? - ansAspiration A patient needs supplemental heat therapy and the veterinarian would like to use a water blanket. What type of water is used to refill the blanket? - ansdistilled water Veterinary medicine includes: - ansmedicine, business, customer service A cat has been hospitalized for chemotherapy treatment. Which container should the urine and fecal matter be disposed into? - anschemotherapy waste A four-year-old Bichon has come into the hospital for a recheck exam after being treated for a Staphylococcal skin infection. On the medical record the doctor noted that the current problem, a skin fold yeast infection, is iatrogenic. What is an iatrogenic problem? - ansCondition caused by the diagnostics or therapy

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Where is the plantar region located? - ansBottom of the rear feet What does the suffix "-stomy" mean? - ansTo cut into If a dog has a neurologic problem and she is adducting her front legs, what is she doing with them? - ansMoving legs inward, towards the midline Which term means "toward the nose"? - ansRostral "Emesis" is the medical term for what condition? - ansvomiting Which part is the most distal? - ansPhalanges What does right lateral recumbency mean? - ansAnimal lying on its right side What is an enterotomy? - ansincision into the intestine Which is the definition of leukopenia? - ansA decrease in white blood cells The next appointment is a dog with conjunctivitis. What is the health problem? - ansinflammation of the eye What does HBC mean? - anshit by car A basset hound with galloping halitosis has been prescribed medicated mint chews PRN for bad breath. How often does the dog get treated? - ansAs needed Which describes inflammation of a testicle? - ansOrchitis Mrs. Jones explains that Fluffy has been throwing up for the last several days even though she has not given Fluffy any food. What is the chief complaint? - ansVomiting A 12 week old Multipoo is presenting to the hospital for the first time for an outpatient vaccine appointment. Which form is not needed? - ansDrop off Which finding would not be recorded in the patient history portion of the medical record? - ansBody condition score The hospital calls the veterinary office to request medical records for Timmy Smith. What information is needed to verify the patient request? - ansOwner first and last name, patient name, signalment What must be written at the end of every entry in the patient's medical record? - ansAuthor's initials According to the Arizona State Veterinary Medical Examining Board, how many years should medical records remain on the premises? - ans3 yrs The hospital uses electronic health records. Which client communications are recorded in the electronic health record? - ansEvery client communication is recorded What form in the medical record is the owner required to provide the animal's signalment? - ansRegistration form Who owns the physical medical record? - ansveterinary clinic/hospital A veterinary clinic uses the SOAP format for progress notes. The presenting complaint is written as "Patient presents for V x 2d. No Hx of foreign body ingestion." Under which category would the information be written? - ansSubjective A veterinary clinic uses the SOAP format for progress notes. Temperature and heart rate of an animal are examples of which type of information? - ansObjective According to the Arizona Veterinary Medical Examining Board, how many days does a general practice veterinary facility have to provide copies of medical records? - ans

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An out of state emergency clinic requests medical records for a patient that is currently in critical condition at the hospital. How soon do records need to be sent? - ansWithin the hour Patients who are deceased are often cremated. Where should the patient's remains be stored until they are picked up by the cremation service? - ansDesignated cold storage Mrs. Smith is here today to euthanize her cat Felix. She has elected to cremate Felix but she does not want the ashes back. Which term refers to a pet's remains being cremated with other pets? - ansCommunal During the grief process, when might intervention by a professional be needed? - ansDepression Which statement is not true about euthanasia? - ansEuthansia can be performed prior to consent being signed What should be placed under a pet that is about to be euthanized in the exam room - ansblanket Sasha is a 6 year old Cocker Spaniel who is being treated for an ear infection. The doctor is explaining how to medicate Sasha's ears to her owner. What is not an important factor for the owner to remember? - ansSasha may rub her ears on the couch Merlin, a 9 year old Schnauzer, has been coughing. Merlin has not been to the clinic for a year and a half. The owner calls to have medication prescribed, but does not want an appointment. What guideline determines the doctor's decision to decline medication without an appointment? - ansVeterinary client patient relationship Feline injection site sarcomas are primarily associated with which two vaccines? - ansFeLV and rabies vaccines Which scheduled drug class has potential for severe addition (such as morphine), and refills are not allowed? - ansSchedule II What organization provides the veterinarian with a controlled substance license? - ansDrug Enforcement Administration Which statement is true for controlled drugs? - ansControlled drugs must legally be stored behind two locks Which type of drug would a veterinarian prescribe for an ear infection? - ansOtic What type of drug is most commonly prescribed for arthritic pain? - ansAnti-inflammatory When reconstituting the freeze dried, powder portion of a vaccine it is important to: - ansUse only the amount of the diluent provided by the manufacturer to reconstitute to powder Which list has four correct parts of a dispensing drug label? - ansMedication name, number of refills, date filled, patient name Sassy, a 13 year old FS DSH has been hospitalized for hepatic lipidosis. According to Sassy's treatment plan, she is to receive 15ml of Lactated Ringers Solution per hour. While performing treatment room duties, Sally's infusion pump begins to alarm. The infusion pump's visual display notes there is an occlusion. What would not be the cause of an occlusion? - ansAir within the line of the infusion set Dr Smith needs assistance in administering 100mls of SC fluids to Buddy. What restraint is preferred to complete the procedure? - ansStanding restraint How long are vaccines good for once reconstituted? - ans1 hrs When a capsulated medication is sent home with a patient, which route of administration would be used? - ansPO

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What is the most common route for vaccine administration in dogs and cats? - ansSC Which statement is false for over-the counter drugs? - ansThey must be prescribed by a doctor Which statement is true for medication expiration dates? - ansExpired medication can lead to financial loss for a veterinary practice To what anatomical location is a rabies vaccine administered in a feline? - ansRight rear leg Which statement is false regarding expiration dates on medications? - ansExpired medication can always be used Dr Smith has asked that subcutaneous fluids be administered to Snickers. Dr Smith wants LRS 500mls. If the bag is at 900mls when administered, what should the bag read when finished? - ans400mls A client requests a refill of a patient's medication that is approved. Where in the medical record is the refill notated? - anspharmacy notes A shipment of drugs has arrived that needs to be shelved. What characteristic determines which bottle of medication is placed towards the front for ease of access? - ansexpiration date Assistance is needed with the removal of an IV catheter. Which supplies will need to be gathered? - ansBandage scissors, gauze square, vet wrap A veterinary assistant is filling an in-house prescription of antibiotics and notices the drug expired 2 weeks ago. What should he do? - ansNotify the doctor and advise the client that he can receive a written order to have the drug filled elsewhere Dr Smith is hospitalizing Garfield for IV fluids and antibiotics to be administered every 8 hours with the 1st dose given at 12PM. What are the times of the next two doses? - ans8pm and 4am Which method is not used to encourage a patient to swallow a tablet or capsule? - ansPutting dry kibble into the patient's mouth When administering oral liquids, which condition should the assistant try to prevent? - ansAspiration When administering liquid medication, where should the syringe tip be placed to encourage swallowing? - ansToward the back of the mouth near the upper and lower molars When removing an IV catheter, the assistant placed a pressure bandage that must be monitored and removed in a timely manner. Not doing so may cause the patient's leg to swell and become painful if it is left on too long. What is a concern with regards to monitoring and removing a pressure bandage? - ansNot giving the owner a time for pressure bandage removal A cockatoo has been prescribed 10 mg of Supercillin, s.i.d. PO for 10 days. How often does the bird get medicine each day? By what route? - ansOnce a day, by mouth What is one of the most common short-term side effects about which you should advise an owner when dispensing glucocorticoides like prednisone to a dog? - ansIncrease drinking and urinations How many cc of 5% Ultra-mycin should you give PO for 44 lb. dog, if the dose is 50 mg/kg? - ans20ml After removing an IV catheter, how long should a pressure bandage remain on the patient? - ans5-10 mins A rare Albanian hairy iguana has been prescribed "Iggy-cote" medicated shampoo q.o.d. for dandruff. - ansfour times a day

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Which surgical instrument is not used during a canine castration? - ansspay hook Following a cystotomy, what should occur with all surgical instruments? - ansCleaned and repackaged for autoclave sterilization What are the two most common types of suture materials? - ansAbsorbable and non absorbable The veterinary technician requests the largest gauge suture available at the facility. Which suture should the assistant choose? - ans2- In relation to surgical site preparation, which procedure is not correct? - ansScrub back and forth from top to bottom In an ovariohysterectomy procedure, what is the most appropriate patient position? - ansdorsal recumbency When under general anesthesia, how often must a patient's vital signs be recorded in the medical record according to the Arizona State Practice Act? - ans15 mins What vital signs must legally be recorded in the medical record while the animal is under anesthesia? - ansHeart rate and respiratory rate When assisting the surgeon in a sterile surgical procedure, how does the non-sterile assistant move past the surgeon? - ansNon-sterile assistant's side to the surgeon's back To prevent accidental injury when cleaning used instruments, what is the first step? - ansProperly dispose of all exposed sharps When opening the first layer of the gown for the surgeon to put on, what always needs to be maintained? - anssterility What procedure would violate asepsis if completed in the surgical suite? - ansClipping and cleaning of the surgical site What is the final step in preparing surgical instruments for use? - ansSterilizations What is the first step in cleaning surgical instruments? - ansremoving all sharps Which instrument is used to cut or bite away small pieces of bone? - ansrongeur What fluid must be added to an autoclave when sterilizing instruments to produce steam and prevent further damage to the machine? - ansdistilled water How often should a pressure check be performed on the anesthetic machine? - ansDaily and when the anesthetic tubing or rebreathing bag is changed The vet has asked you to prepare for a pyometra surgery on a seven-year-old intact female Schnauzer. What are you about to help remove from the dog? - ansUterus Lincoln is being admitted to the hospital for a neuter procedure. Which admission form outlines the projected cost of the procedure? - ansEstimate When cleaning after surgery, what action is performed to remove a scalpel blade from its handle?

• ansUse a needle holder instrument at the base of the blade to lift and push A DSH is being admitted to the hospital for an OVH. In addition to signing an estimate for the procedure, which form must be completed before the procedure can be performed? - ansConsent form Which commonly used anesthetic circuit is made up of a tube within a tube? - ansBain system You are asked to set up a non-rebreathing anesthetic circuit for the next surgery case. What kind of patient do you expect? - ansMiniature poodle under 7 kg What is a laparotomy? - ansAn incision into the abdominal cavity

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A surgical repair of a patent ductus arteriosus was performed via thoracotomy in a four-month- old Labrador puppy. In recovery, the puppy is found in his cage, crying and whining. His breaths are short and fast. When a technician attempts to comfort him, he tries to get away, cowers in the corner, and cries louder. Which of the following is the best explanation of this scenario? - ansThis puppy is painful, pain management is inadequate What is an intussusception? - ansA segment of the intestine invaginates into the lumen of an adjacent segment of intestine When is the best time to refill the vaporizer in an anesthetic machine in a small animal hospital?

• ansWhen the fewest people are in the clinic What is a lumpectomy? - ansRemoval of a mass or lump During post-surgical recovery from a routing ovariohysterectomy in a dog the patient becomes apneic. What does this mean? - ansPatient stopped breathing The owner of a newly adopted four-month-old female intact kitten wants to know the main benefits of spaying her cat, besides preventing new litters of more kittens. What is a principle benefit of early spaying and neutering of a cat before six months of age? - ansDecreases risk of malignant mammary gland tumors Why is it acceptable for an animal to rebreathe exhaled gasses in a closed or semi-closed anesthesia circuit? - ansExhaled gasses pass through a CO2 absorbent canister In assisting with the recovery of an anesthetized patient, after the cuff has been deflated and the endotracheal tube untied, when can a patient's endotracheal tube be safely removed? - ansAfter the patient has swallowed two to three times When referring to suture material, which size material is the finest/smallest? - ans4- Which is the proper method when performing a surgical scrub preparation on a patient? - ansThe surgical prep should begin at the incision site and progress outward to the perimeter Which would be considered the proper position for a patient for an ovariohysterectomy? - ansventral-dorsal Upon recovery, an anesthetized patient's heart rate is dropping steadily and the patient has stopped breathing. What is the 1st thing you should do? - ansNotify your attending veterinarian or credentialed technician You are opening the sterile surgical pack for the doctor. Which direction does the last tab you open go? - ansAway from the patient A surgical pack has become wet once after it was put away. What should you do? - ansRepackage and resterilize Which change to the blood chemistry can occur if you leave a blood sample sitting too long prior to spinning it down and separating the serum from the cells? - ansGlucose decreases The doctor asked the assistant to prepare and stain a blood smear. This is typically done with Diff Quick stain. What is the proper name and order of this staining technique? - ansFixative, eosinate, polychrome blue Which choices correctly name the types of leukocytes found in this image of a blood smear from a horse? - ansA basophil and a lymphocyte When preparing a urine sediment for staining, one sample will be prepared without stain and one with stain. What is the major concern about urine sediment stains? - ansContaminants

NURSING EXAM STUDY GUIDE.

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The hospital has an extensive section of in-house lab testing equipment. Which blood test cannot be run in house? - ansDistemper titer When the hospital receives lab results on a patient, where should these results be recorded? - ansIn the patient's medical record A lab sample has been prepared to go out to the reference lab. Where is this documented to ensure the results are received and recorded? - ansLaboratory log Which can cause a condition known as cutaneous larval migrans? - ansRoundworm Which restraint position is most appropriate when asked to restrain for cephalic blood draw? - anssitting The doctor has ordered a CBC and chemistry panel for the patient. Which two tubes should be prepared? - ansEDTA and serum separator The blood sample that has been prepared for testing is a SST. After spinning it down, what is the separated liquid portion of the sample called? - ansSerum Mrs. Jones is going to bring in a fecal sample for Spot's appointment on Tuesday. What is the proper way to collect and store this sample? - ansCollect no more than 24 hours prior to the appointment and store in refrigerator A fecal floatation has been prepared for analysis. What is the minimum amount of time the sample should sit before the results are read? - ans10 mins When preparing a fecal smear, which solution is not used? - anssedi-stain Dr Smith is going to perform a post mortem exam on a feline patient. What is the proper term for this procedure? - ansNecropsy Samantha is a 3 year old Bloodhound that presented to the hospital for neurologic issues following an incident with a skunk. Dr. Johnson is concerned Samantha may be exhibiting signs of rabies. Who can handle patients that might have rabies? - ansPersonnel who have been vaccinated for rabies Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is used to measure the function of what on a blood chemistry panel?

• ansKidney function and hydration Which method of urine collection involves catching a urine sample midstream while walking the patient? - ansVoided In performing a gross examination of a canine urine sample, which color is normal? - ansyellow Which vessel is most appropriate for collection of a large blood sample? - ansJugular What is the total serum protein level in a dog with an albumin of 4.0 g/dl and a globulin level of 3.5 g/dl? - ans7.5 g/dl What is the primary use of formaldehyde/formalin in veterinary practice? - ansTissue specimen preservative A six-month-old mixed breed dog is presented with a focal area of alopecia with comedones. A skin scraping is shown below. Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis? - ansDemodicosis Which animal normally has cloudy urine and why? - ansHorses; calcium carbonate crystals What color is icteric serum? - ansyellow What color do gram-negative bacteria appear on a gram-stained microscopic slide? - ansred

NURSING EXAM STUDY GUIDE.

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A four-year-old male intact Rottweiler mix is presented for evaluation and is positive for heartworm disease by an ELISA antigen test. Where, anatomically, do adult heartworms live? - ansPulmonary arteries What would you expect to see in the plasma of a dog that just ate a can of dog food? - anslipemia What is another name for a thrombocyte? - ansplatelet Hematocrit is another name for what lab measurement? - ansPacked cell volume (PCV %) Which color is a gram-positive bacteria on the microscope slide? - ansblue When is the best time to perform a blood smear after collection? - ansimmediately How is the turbidity or appearance of urine recorded? - ansClear, cloudy, flocculent What lab result would you expect to find in a cat with diabetes mellitus? - ansIncreased urine glucose, Increased blood glucose What is the most critical problem with this radiograph of a bird? - ansHuman hand is in image Which information is not required for an x-ray log? - ansPatient address What kind of tissue causes the most x-ray scatter? - ansThick body parts Which method is not an example of diagnostic imaging? - ansCytology When using calipers to measure anatomy for radiographs, where is the measurement taken? - ansWidest portion of the anatomy When performing a survey of thoracic radiographs, which is typically the first view? - ansRight lateral A Boxer is limping due to a possible ulnar fracture. The veterinarian would like x-rays of the left front limb from the phalanges to the olecranon process. What two views should be taken? - ansLateral, AP Why is a dosimeter badge worn by veterinary personnel? - ansTo monitor radiation exposure Which information is not required on an x-ray image? - ansWhich information is not required on an x-ray image? After finishing a radiographic study, what is the proper storage for the x-ray gown? - ansHang securely on the bracket with no folding or creasing An assistant finds that the drawer and box of undeveloped x-ray film has been left open. What must happen to the box of film? - ansWill be properly discarded as it is useless Which statement is true about the care and maintenance of film cassettes? - ansThe screen lining should be cleaned monthly with a screen cleaner Radiographic developing chemicals are housed in dark rooms. What is another requirement of the room in which these chemicals are stored and used? - ansWell ventilated Which best describes fluoroscopy? - ansA continuous x-ray image that evaluates anatomic structures in real time At what age is a person allowed to participate in exposure to radiation in the workplace? - ans Which best describes how an image is produced with digital radiography? - ansA detector panel converts x-rays into electrical signals; and analog image is created which is then digitized All veterinary staff involved in radiation exposure in practice should limit their exposure based on which occupational health principal? - ansAs low as reasonably achievable

NURSING EXAM STUDY GUIDE.

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The cat needs radiographs and the owner wants to assist in calming the cat. Which technique will best manage this situation? - ansThe client cannot be present, chemical restraint can be used to position the cat What are the three most important factors to remember for radiation safety? - ansTime, distance, shielding Which one of these contrast media is radiolucent? - ansAir Which may cause a radiograph to come out blurry? - ansPatient movement What does OFA stand for in regards to radiology? - ansOrthopedic Foundation for Animals AP or anterior-posterior means what when referring to the radiograph of a leg? - ansImage of the leg is taken from the top to the bottom What is true regarding scatter radiation when taking radiographs? - ansIt is the primary source of radiation exposure to the restrainer What does DV or dorsal-ventral mean when referring to a radiograph of a thorax? - ansImage of the thorax taken from back to front When taking a measurement for a radiograph, which unit of measurement is used? - anscentimeters Which is the most important factor in promoting oral health? - ansPreventative dental homecare What is wrong with this rabbit? - ansMalocclusion How common are dental caries (cavities) in dogs? - ansuncommon Which is more severe, periodontitis or gingivitis? - ansperiodontitis Which part of the tooth is considered to be living tissue? - ansDentin and pulp By what age should a dog have all its permanent teeth, and how many teeth are in the canine adult dental formula? - ans42 by 7 months