NBCE PT BOARDS EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ,A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVER, Exams of Nursing

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Depth of Ultrasound - CORRECT ANSWERS deepest! 4-8 cm Depth of UV - CORRECT ANSWERS superficial 1-2 mm (skin) Depth of Infrared - CORRECT ANSWERS superficial 8-10 mm (vascular) Depth of Microwave Diathermy - CORRECT ANSWERS deep Depth of Shortwave Diathermy - CORRECT ANSWERS deep Best Modality for Herpes Zoster - CORRECT ANSWERS UV and ultrasound Best modality for Diabetes Mellitus - CORRECT ANSWERS Infrared If open growth centers, do NOT use what modalities? (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS Shortwave Diathermy Microwave Diathermy Ultrasound Goggles are required for what modalities? (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS UV Microwave Diathermy (wire-mesh) Laser Which electrical modalities are direct current? (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS Low-Volt Galvanic High Volt Microcurrent What current is unidirectional and monophasic? - CORRECT ANSWERS Direct Current

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What electrical modalities are alternating current? (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS Sine wave Faradic Interferential What current is bidirectional and biphasic? - CORRECT ANSWERS Alternating Current What electrical modality is both alternating and direct current? - CORRECT ANSWERS TENS To avoid transcerebral and transthoracic, how do you place the pads? - CORRECT ANSWERS Co- planar (TMJ) Which electrical modality do you use iontophoresis? - CORRECT ANSWERS LVG What solution do you use to break adhesions when doing iontophoresis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Potassium Iodine (KI) (- pole) What solution do you use for bursitis when doing iontophoresis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Sodium Salicylate (- pole) What solution do you use for edema when doing iontophoresis? - CORRECT ANSWERS MgSO (+ pole) What solution do you use for fungus when doing iontophoresis? - CORRECT ANSWERS CuSO (+ pole) What does electrodiagnosis with LVG look for? - CORRECT ANSWERS Reaction of Degeneration (RD)

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AKA LMNL

What are the signs of a lower motor neuron lesion? (4) - CORRECT ANSWERS Flaccid Decreased DTR Atrophy Facilitation Which electrical modalities have settings that can give both endorphins and enkephalins? (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS High Volt Interferential Tens Which heat modality is the best for increasing circulation? - CORRECT ANSWERS Infrared Which electrical modalities can be used for pain control? (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS High Volt Interferential TENS Which modality is both an antibacterial and antifungal? - CORRECT ANSWERS UV If your patient has Scheuermann's Disease, what type of exercises should NOT be performed? - CORRECT ANSWERS FLEXION or Williams If you patient has facet syndrome, what type of exercises should NOT be performed? - CORRECT ANSWERS EXTENSION or McKenzie What device should you use for active recovery for an ankle? - CORRECT ANSWERS Wobble Board What is inhibited in lower cross syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWERS Glutes T/F: You should strengthen the low back in acute low back patients. - CORRECT ANSWERS False If your patient is having toe out problems, what muscle is affected? - CORRECT ANSWERS Piriformis

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If you increase aerobic exercise, what happens to mitochondria activity? - CORRECT ANSWERS It increases as well What is the action of the subscapularis muscle? - CORRECT ANSWERS Assists in medial rotation of the shoulder What type of stretching do you hold and then stretch? - CORRECT ANSWERS PNF or Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation What is the treatment technique for an upper motor neuron lesion called? - CORRECT ANSWERS Bobath's To be considered aerobic exercise, how long must an individual maintain their target heart rate? - CORRECT ANSWERS 15-20 minutes Aerobic exercise refers to cyclic movements caused by the contraction of what? - CORRECT ANSWERS Large muscle masses relying on aerobic energy pathways What are the heart rate percentage ranges and give an example patient for each. - CORRECT ANSWERS .6 = sedentary / post MI .75 = average Joe / weekend warrior .9 = triathlete What is the target heart rate equation? - CORRECT ANSWERS ((220-age)-Resting HR)*%+Resting HR Williams believed that the cause of low back pain was acquired how? - CORRECT ANSWERS By walking upright in a straight position -he stated that normal posture is with knees bent and torso slightly bent forward Williams believed that all activities should be geared to reducing what? - CORRECT ANSWERS Lumbar lordosis Williams exercises are what kind of exercises? - CORRECT ANSWERS FLEXION

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What muscles are weak and what muscles are tight according to the Williams approach? - CORRECT ANSWERS WEAK Abs WEAK Glute max TIGHT hamstrings What kind of exercise is BEST for patients with acute disc problems? - CORRECT ANSWERS McKenzie Exercises (Extension) --if McKenzie isn't listed...pick Williams! McKenzie exercises are what kind of exercises? - CORRECT ANSWERS EXTENSION McKenzie approach is based on the behavior of pain and mechanical response to what? - CORRECT ANSWERS Dynamic and Static Loading What is the formula for power? - CORRECT ANSWERS Power = Force X Speed What concept are plyometrics based on? - CORRECT ANSWERS Power -they are exercises that enable a muscle to reach maximal force in the shortest amount of time What are some typical plyometric movements? - CORRECT ANSWERS Jumps Hops Bounds Box Drills (softball catcher) Depth Jumps (volleyball and basketball) How long are plyometrics performed? - CORRECT ANSWERS until fatigue What are the 3 phases of the stretch shortening cycle? - CORRECT ANSWERS Eccentric Amortization Concentric

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Acute care management takes place when? - CORRECT ANSWERS first 4 weeks What are the symptoms of an acute issue? (4) - CORRECT ANSWERS Rubor (Redness) Calor (Heat) Dolor (Pain) Tumor (Swelling) What modalities are used in acute care management? - CORRECT ANSWERS Cryotherapy Low Volt Galvanic (+ pole) Pulsed US (takes away thermal component) How is a muscle stretched? - CORRECT ANSWERS By going opposite of it's action When does recover care management begin? - CORRECT ANSWERS After four weeks When should you start active care stretching? - CORRECT ANSWERS During recovery care What modalities are used in recovery care management? - CORRECT ANSWERS mild heat--Infrared, hydroculator pack, hot bath When does the chronic/rehab phase begin? - CORRECT ANSWERS After 12 weeks What do you want to do during the chronic/rehab phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS Strengthen muscles (resistance against action) Exercises where the hand or foot is free to move - CORRECT ANSWERS Open Chain Exercises Exercises where the hand or foot is fixed and cannot move - CORRECT ANSWERS Closed Chain Exercises What are some examples of open chain exercises? (4) - CORRECT ANSWERS Bench press biceps curl

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leg extensions straight leg raises What are some examples of closed chain exercises? (5) - CORRECT ANSWERS Push-ups HSPU Pull-ups Squats Lunges What kind of exercise should you do on someone with a knee injury? - CORRECT ANSWERS Leg Extensions TOE OUT Why? because weak VMO, lateral tracking patella and chondromalacia patella What kind of exercises should you use with Lower Crossed Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWERS WILLIAMS What muscles are tight and weak with Lower Crossed Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWERS TIGHT Iliopsoas TIGHT Erector Spinae WEAK Abdominals WEAK Gluteus Maximus What do you do to facilitated muscles? What do you do to inhibited muscles? - CORRECT ANSWERS Facilitated=Tight...STRETCH these mm Inhibited=Restricted...STRENGTHEN these mm What muscles are tight and weak with Upper Crossed Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWERS TIGHT Upper Trap & Levator Scap TIGHT Pectoralis WEAK Deep Neck Flexor (Longus Colli) WEAK Lower Trap & Serratus Anterior

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How do you strengthen the longus colli? - CORRECT ANSWERS Tri-flex Only portion of lower crossed syndrome you wouldn't use Williams exercises on? - CORRECT ANSWERS Hip Extension...Williams are flexion so use McKenzie What muscles are tight/facilitated with lower crossed syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWERS STRETCH THESE Iliopsoas : perform hip extension (McKenzie) Rectus Femoris : perform hip extension (McKenzie) TFL : perform ADDuction Adductor Group: perform ABduction Erector spinae: perform flexion Gastroc: can't isolate because crosses 2 joints Soleus: can be isolated by flexing the knee What are the four main postural issues associated with lower crossed syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWERS Anterior rotation of the pelvis (stretch iliopsoas) Increased lumbar lordosis (Williams flexion) Hips in flexion (stretch iliopsoas- McKenzie) Knees may be hyperextended (genu recuvatum) Action of the Iliopsoas - CORRECT ANSWERS Flexes hip joint Action of the Rectus Femoris - CORRECT ANSWERS Flexes the hip joint Quadriceps extends the knee joint Action of the TFL - CORRECT ANSWERS Abducts, flexes and medially rotates hip joint Action of erector spinae - CORRECT ANSWERS Extension of vertebral column Action of gastrocnemius - CORRECT ANSWERS Plantar flexes ankle and assists in knee flexion

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Action of soleus - CORRECT ANSWERS Plantar flexes ankle Weak/Inhibited muscles in lower crossed syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS STRENGTHEN THESE (resistance against action) Rectus Abdominis : crunches (williams) Oblique : crunches (williams) Gluteus Maximus : pelvic rock (williams) Gluteus Medius : side lying ABduction Hamstrings : stretch AND strengthen Common injuries due to weak muscles associated with lower crossed syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS Low back pain Knee pain Hamstring strains Action of rectus abdominis - CORRECT ANSWERS Flexes vertebral column Action of obliques - CORRECT ANSWERS Bilaterally: flex vertebral column Unilaterally: rotate vertebral column Action of gluteus maximus - CORRECT ANSWERS Extends and laterally rotates hip Action of gluteus medius - CORRECT ANSWERS ABducts hip joint Action of semitendinosus/semimembranosus - CORRECT ANSWERS Flexes and medially rotates knee, extends and medially rotates hip Action of biceps femoris - CORRECT ANSWERS Flex and laterally rotates knee; extends and laterally rotates hip Action of tibialis anterior - CORRECT ANSWERS DORSIflex and INvert

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Action of tibialis posterior - CORRECT ANSWERS PLANTARflex and INvert Inversion ankle sprain - CORRECT ANSWERS d/t tight tibialis--stretch these with EVERSION STRENGTHEN peroneus--this muscle everts the foot Tight/Facilitated Muscles associated with Upper Crossed Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS STRETCH THESE Pectorals Major Pec Minor, Levator Scap, Teres Major*, Upper Trap Anterior Deltoid Subscap, Lats, Teres Major SCM, Scalenes, Rectus capitis Action of pec major - CORRECT ANSWERS ADDucts and medially rotates humerus Action of pec minor - CORRECT ANSWERS Tilts the scapula anteriorly Action of Levator scapula - CORRECT ANSWERS Elevates scapula Action of teres major - CORRECT ANSWERS INTERNAL rotation, ADDuction and extension of shoulder Action of upper trapezius - CORRECT ANSWERS Adduction of scapula Action of anterior deltoid - CORRECT ANSWERS ABduction of shoulder Action of subscapularis - CORRECT ANSWERS Internal rotation of shoulder Action of latissimus dorsi - CORRECT ANSWERS Internal rotation, ADDuction, and extension of shoulder

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Action of SCM, Scalenes, and Rectus capitis anterior - CORRECT ANSWERS Bilaterally: Flexion of head Unilaterally: Rotation of head Long, Weak/Inhibited Muscles with Upper Crossed Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS STRENGTHEN THESE Rhomboids Lower Trapezius/serratus anterior : Rows Posterior deltoid : Flys Teres Minor, Infraspinatus, Posterior deltoid Longus colli Impingement syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS Teres major is too TIGHT--> stretch Teres minor is too WEAK-->strengthen Action of rhomboids - CORRECT ANSWERS ADDuct and elevate scapula Action of lower trapezius - CORRECT ANSWERS ADDuction, depression and lateral rotation of scapula Action of serratus anterior - CORRECT ANSWERS ABDucts scapula Action of teres minor - CORRECT ANSWERS EXTERNAL rotation Action of posterior deltoid - CORRECT ANSWERS ABDuction of shoulder joint Action of infraspinatus - CORRECT ANSWERS External rotation of the shoulder Action of longus colli - CORRECT ANSWERS Bilaterally: flexion Unilaterally: rotation Rotator Cuff Muscles - CORRECT ANSWERS Supraspinatus Infraspinatus - can't isolate bc both externally rotate

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Teres minor - can't isolate bc both externally rotate Subscapularis Contraction where length doesn't change; no joint movement; not very efficient - CORRECT ANSWERS Isometric Contraction where weight/resistance stays the same; change in length and joint movement present - CORRECT ANSWERS Isotonic Contraction where muscles changes in length while a constant resistance is applied at a constant speed - CORRECT ANSWERS Isokinetic ex. CYBEX machine What kind of contraction should you use anytime there is a pathology? (brace, cast, etc.) - CORRECT ANSWERS Isometric What kind of contraction is weightlifting? - CORRECT ANSWERS Isotonic (eccentric and concentric) Concentric - CORRECT ANSWERS Shortening of the muscle this BULKS the muscle AKA Positives Eccentric - CORRECT ANSWERS Lengthening of the muscle while tension is maintained AKA Negatives More strengthening; makes you more sore due to build up of lactic acid Exercises for vascular diseases - CORRECT ANSWERS Buerger-Allen -creates a pumping effect -Buerger's, Raynauds, elderly, bedridden or early stage diabetes -repeated 6-7 times at each sitting and done several times a day

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LBP Flexion Exercises

1. Ab crunches in the 90/90 or Gouchers position
2. Glute max; pelvic rocks or tilts
3. stretch hams; knees to chest - CORRECT ANSWERS William's Exercises (3) LBP Extension exercises -can be used during the acute phase -Acute disc problems - CORRECT ANSWERS McKenzie's Exercises Eliminates the use of the supraspinatus muscle done with arm hanging over chair FOR: frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) and RTC rehab start passive, making circles--> active with help aBDuction--> active full ROM - CORRECT ANSWERS Corman's Exercises AKA Pendular Exercises Typical weightlifting 3 sets of 10 reps - CORRECT ANSWERS DeLorme's Exercises for pregnant females, and patients with urinary incontinence - CORRECT ANSWERS Kegel Pelvic Floor Exercises Mental imagery stress exercises to relax muscles done in biofeedback labs uses galvanic skin temp device (lie detector machine) measures stress - CORRECT ANSWERS Jacobson's Exercises

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Crawling exercises to mobilize the spine and exercise muscles in scoliosis (cross-crawl) - CORRECT ANSWERS Clayton's Exercises Ataxic motion and to develop coordination (wobble board) rocker-->wobble-->wobble with vibratory platform - CORRECT ANSWERS Frenkel's Exercises Dead Bug exercise - CORRECT ANSWERS Supine Strengthens core Superman exercise - CORRECT ANSWERS Prone Strengthens core Bridge Exercise - CORRECT ANSWERS Supine strengthens glute max Planks - CORRECT ANSWERS Prone strengthens core Side Planks - CORRECT ANSWERS Strengthens QL Side to side glide - CORRECT ANSWERS Strengthens glute med Knee Extension Toes Out - CORRECT ANSWERS Strengthens VMO Wall Angel - CORRECT ANSWERS Strengthens rhomboids Brace used for thoracic scoliosis; worn 23 hours/day For scoliosis between 20-40º - CORRECT ANSWERS Milwaukee brace <20º scoliosis= monitor and exercise

40º scoliosis= surgery

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Lumbar/SI support for SI hypermobility - CORRECT ANSWERS Sacroiliac Girdle AKA Trochanteric Belt How do you test for SI hypermobility? - CORRECT ANSWERS Sit to stand test -if patient rocks forward before standing--HYPERmobile; put belt on and wear until patient can perform test without rocking forward Brace for inversion ankle sprain - CORRECT ANSWERS Figure Eight (AKA Louisiana Strap) Knee brace for ACL and PCL - CORRECT ANSWERS Lennox-Hill (AKA Derotational Brace) remember Joe Namath Brace for wrist for carpal tunnel syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS Cockup Splint puts wrist in EXTENSION and opens up carpal tunnel Contraindications to ALL modalities (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Hemorrhage (systemic)

2. Infection with suppuration (NOT inflammation) -exceptions*: UV superficially
3. Malignancy *most important! Contraindications to HEAT modalities (5) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Decreased thermal sensations
4. Active TB
5. Low back and abdomen during pregnancy
6. Encapsulated swellings (ex. Herpes simplex and non-draining sinusitis)
7. Late stages of diabetes mellitus Contraindications to ELECTRICAL modalities (7) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Pacemaker
8. Low back and abdomen during pregnancy
9. Decreased sensation (LVG only)

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4. Brain = transcerebral
5. Eyes
6. Heart = transthoracic
7. Carotid sinuses Systematic Approach - CORRECT ANSWERS Action* Physiological Effects Indications Contraindications Depth/Penetration* Dosage ex. 95% are run for 20 min Types Frequency and Wavelength Special Tests -Erythemal patch - UV -Electrodiagnosis - LMNL Dosage time - CORRECT ANSWERS 95% are run for 20 min the exceptions- US - max treatment time is 10 min UV - max treatment time is 3 min What is the frequency of IF? - CORRECT ANSWERS 2,000-10, medium frequency Action of Massage - CORRECT ANSWERS Mechanical (kinetic and friction) Greatest effect on the vascular system (not good for patients with vascular compromise)

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General indications for modalities - CORRECT ANSWERS Musculoskeletal -itis' NOT osteomyelitis or uveitis... these are infections! Physiological Effects of Massage - CORRECT ANSWERS Increases: Blood and lymph flow HR and BP Breaks adhesions - transverse friction Removes lactic acid Decreases: Edema Congestion Nerve activity (sedation) Indications for Massage - CORRECT ANSWERS Sprains Strains Bruises Tendonitis Bursitis Capsulitis Contraindications for Massage - CORRECT ANSWERS Key = vascular problems--gets worse with massage Phlebitis Thrombosis Varicosities Ulcerations Local acute conditions

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T/F: You should massage in the acute phase - CORRECT ANSWERS False (according to boards at least) stroking massage; begin and end of every massage; stroke toward the heart (distal to proximal to assist venous return) - CORRECT ANSWERS Effleurage Deep kneading for muscle tissue - CORRECT ANSWERS Petrissage Percussion massage; 5 types: flat hand, fist pounding, finger tips tapping, ulnar side hacking, cupping for cystic fibrosis or URI* - CORRECT ANSWERS Tapotment deep rubbing massage; breaks adhesions in muscles, ligaments and joint capsule; decreases chemical cross linking - CORRECT ANSWERS Transverse Friction Massage shaking massage; ex. Genie rub and thumper - CORRECT ANSWERS Vibration massage nimmo acupressure - CORRECT ANSWERS Deep Pressure massage Transverse friction massage is not recommended for what? - CORRECT ANSWERS Calcific tendonitis or bursitis use US--micromassage gets rid of inflammation and then the body will reabsorb Ca++ on its own Action of traction - CORRECT ANSWERS Mechanical 2 Types of traction - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Constant pull = continuous traction

• scoliosis or hyperlordosis

2. Pumping pull

• breaks adhesions Physiological Effects of Traction - CORRECT ANSWERS Decrease intradiscal pressure Increase IVF space Breaks adhesions - intermittent Straightens curves - continuous

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Breaks muscle spasms - intermittent Gliding of facet joints Indications for Traction - CORRECT ANSWERS Disc syndromes -- except sequestered or free fragment Foramina encroachment Hyperlordosis Chronic muscle spasms Fibrotic adhesions Contraindications for Traction - CORRECT ANSWERS Bone weakening conditions (osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia) Pregnancy (d/t ligamentous laxity) RA (d/t transverse ligament unless flex/ext views are ok) Fractures (except healed compression fx) Dosage for cervical traction - CORRECT ANSWERS Begin at 5% body weight Increases 2 lbs max each treatment max weight = 50 lbs Never exceed patient tolerance Never choose a starting weight <10 lbs. Position: C2-C7: Flexion 20-30º Occiput/C1: Neutral or 0º Dosage for lumbar traction - CORRECT ANSWERS Begin at 25% body weight Increases 5 lbs max each treatment Max weight = 150 lbs Never exceed patient tolerance Position: supine with legs flexed and knees flexed

1. 90/90 traction: flattens lumbar curve

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2. Goucher's position: relaxes mm., flattens lumbar curve Action of Cryotherapy - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypothermal--removes heat Physiological Effects of Cryotherapy - CORRECT ANSWERS Local Effects: -Vasoconstriction (followed by vasodilation--Huntington-Lewis reaction) -Decreased capillary pressure -edema reduction -Decreased nerve metabolism -Anesthetic to nervous system Systemic Effects: -Increased blood pressure -Decrease blood flow What modality can have opposite effects? - CORRECT ANSWERS Cryotherapy Vasocontriction-->vasodilation Contraindications for Cryotherapy - CORRECT ANSWERS Circulatory compromise (Raynaud's & Buerger's) Hypersensitivity to cold Frostbite Chilblains * High Blood Pressure - can use local but not systemic (ice bath is CI) What modality could be used for those with Chilblains? - CORRECT ANSWERS use + pole LVG bc it vasoconstricts but doesn't change temperature T/F: When using ice packs, use 1 cool, moist towel layer the thickness of a pt. gown between the skin and the patient. - CORRECT ANSWERS FALSE warm, moist towel

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What are the most common vapocoolant sprays? How far should you spray from patient? - CORRECT ANSWERS Flouromethane * BEST choice Ethyl chloride 14-18" away from patient used to treat myofascitis; spray from TrP to referral of pain What is cryokinetics? - CORRECT ANSWERS Ice massage for 5 minutes and then do ROM or movements -done for frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) 4 Sensory Reactions to cryotherapy - CORRECT ANSWERS CBAN Cold Burning Aching Numbness during numbness- you are in constant vasoconstriction; this is when you take ice off Types of Heat Transmission - CORRECT ANSWERS Convection Conduction Conversion Radiation Transmission of heat by a liquid or a gas by circulation of the heated particles; Whirlpool, sauna, and hydroculator pack - CORRECT ANSWERS Convection Transfer of heat by a solid substance; hydroculator pack, paraffin wax - CORRECT ANSWERS Conduction Transfer of electrical energy into heat--shortwave, microwave and ultrasound; plugged in - CORRECT ANSWERS Conversion

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Transmission of heat without the intervening medium getting heated; infrared lamp and ultraviolet lamp; most from the sun - CORRECT ANSWERS Radiation Action of Infrared - CORRECT ANSWERS Thermal Physiological Effects of Infrared - CORRECT ANSWERS Increases: Vasodilation Circulation Lymph flow Decreases: Muscle spasms BP Indications for Infrared - CORRECT ANSWERS -Arthritic conditions, Rheumatoid, Stiff joints, Chronic Backache, Contusions -Buerger's, Raynaud's, early DM, Bell's palsy, muscle spasm, subacute and chronic inflammatory conditions -Musculoskeletal- synovitis, tenosynovitis, sprains, strains, bursitis Depth of Infrared - CORRECT ANSWERS Superficial - vascular system Redness that usually lasts one hour - CORRECT ANSWERS Erythema Mottled (splotchy) skin in area habitually exposed to heat (infrared) radiation - CORRECT ANSWERS Erythema Ab igne Best form of infrared - CORRECT ANSWERS Hydroculator packs--moist heat Temperature of hydroculator packs - CORRECT ANSWERS 150-170º NEVER over 170º Made of canvas filled with silica gel

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Must use SIX towel layers Temperature of cold baths - CORRECT ANSWERS 55-65º : increase muscle tone, energy Temperature of hot baths - CORRECT ANSWERS 98-105º : decrease BP, vasodilation and pain relief T/F: If your patient has edema, you should end in a cold bath. - CORRECT ANSWERS True T/F: If your patient has vascular issues, you should end in a hot bath. - CORRECT ANSWERS True What does tepid mean? - CORRECT ANSWERS room temperature Contrast baths - CORRECT ANSWERS Start with hot bath; bath you end in--->effects; must be done in 3:1 3x more hot than cold hot bath; 20-30 minutes 2x/day; vasodilates and sedates - CORRECT ANSWERS Whirlpool hot bath with only area from umbilicus to thighs immersed in water 98-105º; relief of pain from hemorrhoids, dysmenorrheas, coccydynia, prostatitis - CORRECT ANSWERS Sitz bath Temperature for paraffin bath - CORRECT ANSWERS 125-130º if you use mineral oil -- max temp 117º -lowers melting point of paraffin -makes easier to peel off Paraffin Wax - CORRECT ANSWERS dip 7-10x with the first dip being the deepest then less and less; wrap hand in hot moist towel or cellophane for 20 minutes; following bath, put wax back in Dry whirlpool; ground up corn cobbs or cellulose - CORRECT ANSWERS Fluidotherapy Stainless steel tanks for burn patients; drain water, scrub with betadine, then refill and bring back to temp between patients - CORRECT ANSWERS Hubbert Tanks

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Antibacterial versus antifungal - CORRECT ANSWERS brings WBC to surface Action of Ultraviolet - CORRECT ANSWERS Thermal and Photochemical* Physiological Effects of UV - CORRECT ANSWERS -Erythema -Tanning of the skin d/t movement of melanin-- photo-taxia* -Metabolic effects: vitamin D synthesis so increases Vit D -antibacterial -antifungal Indications for UV - CORRECT ANSWERS Skin conditions: Acne Herpes zoster (and ultrasound) Fungal infections, taenia pedis and capitis Chronic ulcers, x-ray, minor burns, slow healing wounds Bone conditions: Rickets Osteomalacia (b/c Vitamin D!) Erythema Patch Test AKA Sleeve Test - CORRECT ANSWERS 5 holes; starting point 36" away for 5 seconds each time covering the holes Suberythemal Dose - CORRECT ANSWERS No Red Minimum Erythemal Dose - CORRECT ANSWERS 1st treatment plus 15 seconds each time because melanin; 3 minutes max; lower lamp 2" each treatment to 18" Minimum Erythemal Dose Stages of Burns - CORRECT ANSWERS 1º - sunburn 2º - blistering

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3º - swelling Depth of UV - CORRECT ANSWERS Superficial 1-2 mm (skin) Maximum Intensity for UV - CORRECT ANSWERS 3 minutes at 18" Types of UV devices - CORRECT ANSWERS Hot Quartz- Kromayer - water cooled Cold Quartz - neon and mercury Orificial - sore throats; goggles for pt and operator Wood's light - UV light filtered through nickel oxide glass Optimum effect of radiation occurs when the part to be treated is at right angles to the source; Most intense is at 90º - CORRECT ANSWERS Cosine Law The intensity of radiation from any light source varies inversely with the square of the distance from the source; ex. if you reduce the distance by half, the intensity is 4x as great - CORRECT ANSWERS Inverse Square Law Action of Shortwave and Microwave Diathermy - CORRECT ANSWERS Thermal Physiological Effects of Diathermy - CORRECT ANSWERS Increases: Temperature Pulse respirations BMR lymph flow elimination nutrition vasodilation glandular secretions Decreases: