NBDHE Practice Questions And Answers, Exams of Medicine

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The x-ray was discovered by a. Heinrich Geissler b. Wilhelm Roentgen c. Johann Hittorf d. William Crookes - correct answer Wilhelm Roentgen Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays? A. Beta particles B. Alpha particles C. Cathode rays D. Radioactive materials - correct answer Cathode rays Which term describes two or more atoms that are joined by a chemical bond? a. ion b. ion pair c. molecule d. proton - correct answer Molecule Which is not a type of particulate radiation? A. Alpha particles B. Beta particles

C. Protons D. Nucleons - correct answer Nucleons Which is the location where x-rays are produced? A. Positive cathode B. Positive anode C. Negative cathode D. Negative anode - correct answer Positive anode Which describes scatter radiation? A. Radiation that exits the tubehead B. Radiation that is more penetrating than primary radiation C. Radiation that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter D. none of the above - correct answer Radiation that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter In dental imaging, the quality of the x ray beam is controlled by? a. kilovoltage b. miliamperage c. exposure time d. source-to-receptor distance - correct answer Kilovoltage

Increasing milliamperage results in an increase in: A. Temperature of filament B. Mean energy of beam C. Number of x-rays produced D. Both A & C - correct answer Temperature of filament and number of x-rays produced The overall blackness or darkness of an image is termed a. contrast b. density c. overexposure d. polychromatic - correct answer Density If the target receptor distance is doubled, the resultant beam will be a. four times as intense b. twice as intense c. half as intense d. one fourth as intense - correct answer One fourth as intense The latent period in radiation biology is the time between a. initial injury and repair

b. subsequent doses of radiation c. cell rest and cell mitosis d. exposure to x-radiation and clinical symptoms - correct answer Exposure to x radiation and clinical symptoms Which factor(s) contributes to radiation injury? A. Total dose B. Dose rate C. Cell sensitivity D. Age E. All of the above - correct answer All of the above The traditional unit for measuring x-ray exposure in air is termed a. gray b. coulombs per kilogram c. rem d. rad e. roentgen - correct answer Roentgen Which is considered radioresistant? A. Immature reproductive cells B. Young bone cells

C. Mature bone cells D. Epithelial cells E. None of the above - correct answer Mature bone cells Which position indicating device is most effective in reducing patient exposure? A. Conical B. Rectangular C. Circular D. all are equally effective in reducing patient exposure - correct answer Rectangular Which statement describes the function of a filter in a dental x-ray tube head? A. It reduces the size and shape of the beam B. It removes low energy x rays C. It removes the dose of radiation to the thyroid gland D. It decreases the mean energy of the beam - correct answer It removes low energy x rays The dental radiographer can regulate the x ray beam (kVp, mA, time) through the use of the a. control panel

b. extension arm c. console d. position-indicating device (PID) - correct answer Control panel One advantage of a film with an emulsion coating on both sides (double-emulsion film) is that a. the film requires less radiation exposure to make an image b. the image produced is less distorted c. the film has less sensitivity to radiation d. processing solutions are absorbed more easily - correct answer The film requires less radiation exposure to make an image The intensifying screen that emits green light and must be used with green sensitive film is termed a. calcium tungstate b. rare earth c. phosphor d. rare tungstate - correct answer Rare earth A dental image that demonstrates many shades of gray is said to have a. high contrast b. low contrast c. high density

d. low density - correct answer Low contrast The hydroquinone in the developer brings out the _____ tones, whereas the Elon in the developer bring out the _____ tones on a dental radiograph. a. black; white b. white; black c. gray; gray d. white; gray e. black; gray - correct answer Black; gray A universal safelight filter such as the GBX-2 by the Carestream Health is recommended for a. intraoral films only b. extraoral screen films only c. extraoral nonscreen films only d. intraoral and extraoral films - correct answer Intraoral and extraoral films Which describes the relationship between the receptor and the long axis of the tooth in the paralleling technique? A. The receptor and the tooth are parallel to each other B. The receptor and the tooth are at right angles to each other

C. The receptor and the tooth are perpendicular to each other D. The receptor and the tooth are intersecting each other - correct answer The receptor and the tooth are parallel to each other Too much vertical angulation results in images that are a. elongated b. foreshortened c. overlapped d. none of the above - correct answer Foreshortened The zone in which structures are clearly demonstrated on a pano image is termed the a. rotation center b. ghost image c. focal trough d. midsagittal plane - correct answer Focal trough Changing a treatment plan without informing the patient violate which of the following? A. Veracity B. Fidelity C. Beneficence D. Societal trust

E. Non-maleficence - correct answer Fidelity Above all do no harm represents which ethical principle/core value? a. justice b. fidelity c. autonomy d. beneficence e. non-maleficence - correct answer Non-maleficence Confidentiality is both an ethical principle/core value as well as an aspect of civil unintentional tort. A. Both parts are true B. Both parts are false C. First part is true, the second is false D. First part is false, the second is true - correct answer -The first part of the statement is true, the second is false. -Violation of confidentiality is considered INTENTIONAL civil tort therefore the 2nd part is false What is the correct order of learning? a. self interest, unawareness, awareness, involvement, action, habit b. unawareness, awareness, self-interest, involvement, action, habit c. awareness, self-interest, unawareness, involvement, habit, action

d. action, unawareness, awareness, self-interest, involvement, habit - correct answer Unawareness, awareness, self-interest, involvement, action and habit Fairness and equality represent which ethical principle/core value? a. justice b. fidelity c. veracity d. beneficence - correct answer Justice All are considered essential elements of informed consent except which? A. Referral B. Diagnosis C. Treatment D. Consequences - correct answer Referral Informed consent is considered an implied contract because it is a written agreement. A. Both are true B. Both are false C. First is true, second is false

D. First is false, second is true - correct answer -First is false, second is true -Written informed consent is considered an explicit vs. implied contract or agreement State regulations that include infection control requirements are designed to protect who? a. the patient b. the practitioner c. both the patient and the practitioner d. neither the patient or the practitioner - correct answer The patient Not meeting the standard of care would violate which ethical principle/core value? a. autonomy b. societal trust c. confidentiality d. non-maleficence - correct answer Societal Trust Regulatory entities who impact the practice of DH include all but which of the following: A. State licensing boards B. Local laws and codes

C. Professional associations D. State public health and safety codes E. Occupational Safety and Health Administration - correct answer Professional associations Active listening involves which of the following? A. Silence B. Open ended questions C. Closed ended questions D. None of the above - correct answer Silence Examples of negligence include all but which of the following: A. Not meeting the standard of care B. Incorrect medical or dental history taking C. Placing sealants on a minor without consent D. Failure to diagnose, refer or treat perio disease E. All of the above are considered forms of negligence - correct answer Placing sealants on a minor without consent All of the following are involved in enforcing infection control in dentistry except: A. CDC B. OSHA

C. State licensing boards with infection control regulations D. All of the above - correct answer CDC Posting a negative comment on social media regarding a patient is considered slander as well as a violation of autonomy. A. Both are true B. Both are false C. First is true, second is false D. First is false, second is true - correct answer -First is false, second is true -A written, negative comment regarding a patient is considered libel vs. slander which is "verbal" and shows a tremendous lack of respect which relates to autonomy Maintaining a professional accountability includes which of the following? A. Maintain ethical standards in practice B. Encourage professional colleagues to follow the same ethical standards C. Reports colleagues unethical behavior to appropriate peer review entities D. Remain current regarding state rules and regulations governing dental and DH practice E. All of the above - correct answer All of the above

Breach of contract violates which ethical principle/core value? a. fidelity b. autonomy c. beneficence d. confidentiality e. non-maleficence - correct answer Fidelity The Occupational Health and Safety Administration requires all except: A. Training upon employment B. Providing protective equipment to patients C. Annual, interactive training for chemical safety D. Protective equipment be available for all employees E. Annual, interactive training for blood borne pathogens - correct answer Providing protective equipment to patients The CARE principle is a concept that includes which of the following? A. Respect B. Empathy C. Compassion D. Attentiveness

E. None of the above - correct answer Empathy as well as comfort, acceptance and responsiveness The Code of Ethics for the profession of dental hygiene have been established by which of the following entities? A. ADA B. State regulatory/licensing boards C. Commission on Dental Accreditation D. ADHA E. Various textbooks and researchers within the profession - correct answer ADHA Which of the following best describes the Standard of Care? A. Well defined by courts B. Defined by profession C. Represents the ethical principle of beneficence D. Part of the code of ethics for DH - correct answer Defined by profession A patient presenting with an HIV positive status is refused treatment by a dental practice. This is a violation of... a. autonomy b. beneficence

c. non-maleficence d. justice e. societal trust - correct answer Justice A practice that accepts the insurance portion of a co-pay plan as "payment in full" without notifying the insurance company is in violation of which ethical principles? a. beneficence b. non-maleficence c. fidelity d. justice e. veracity - correct answer Veracity Confidentiality relates to the confidentiality of the patient information and relationship and demonstrates the profession's values of which ethical principle? a. autonomy b. beneficence c. non-maleficence d. justice e. societal trust - correct answer Autonomy

A patient makes an appt. for their 6 month recall and an exam is performed as well as a prophylaxis. This represents what type of contract? A. Express B. Explicit C. Implied D. Implicit E. C&D - correct answer -C&D- implied and implicit are the same -action based Which of the following are considered 'law' and enforceable for violations of? A. Guidelines B. Regulations C. Policy D. All of the above E. None of the above - correct answer Regulations You just treated a patient who is HIV+. How should you handle the instruments and cassette after use? A. follow routine instrument processing steps B. sterilize the instruments with a chemical sterilant first, rinse them, place them back in the cassette, and then follow routine instrument processing steps.

C. Immediately heat sterilize the instruments and then follow routine instrument processing steps D. put the cassette through the routine processing steps twice - correct answer Follow routine instrument processing steps What is the primary difference between regulated and nonregulated waste? a. the amount of time the item is in direct patient contact b. the designation of an item as disposable c. the procedure for which the item was used d. the amount of liquid blood or other potentially infectious body fluid present - correct answer The amount of liquid blood or other potentially infectious body fluid present Which of the following is OSHA primarily concerned with protecting? A. Employee B. Employer C. Client D. Community - correct answer Employee Individuals with stable angina pectoris, COPD and/or mild CHF are in which ASA category? a. ASA I b. ASA II

c. ASA III d. ASA IV - correct answer ASA III What phase of the dental hygiene process of care immediately follows diagnosis? a. assessment b. evaluation c. implementation d. planning - correct answer Planning What is the GV Black Classification of dental caries and restorations located on the gingival buccal third of #18? a. Class II b. Class III c. Class IV d. Class V - correct answer Class V Floss holders should be recommended for clients with which one of the following: A. Excellent home care B. Manual dexterity problems C. Dentinal hypersensitivity

D. Inadequate exposure to Fluoride - correct answer Manual dexterity problems Which of the following professional Fluoride agents is known for both its efficacy in caries prevention and control of dentinal hypersensitivity because of its high concentration of Fl? A. Acidulated phosphate fluoride gel B. Stannous fluoride C. Sodium fluoride varnish D. Neutral sodium fluoride foam - correct answer Sodium fluoride varnish Which toothbrushing method should be recommended for a client with plaque biofilm control problems around the cervical areas of the teeth? a. Stillman's method b. Charter method c. Bass Method d. Leonard method - correct answer Bass Method Access to subgingival calculus deposits on the proximal surfaces of the mandibular anterior teeth is difficult because of papillary enlargement of the gingival tissue. Which of the following statements provides the BEST advice for thorough subgingival calculus removal?

a. Use a curet with a small, thin working end, and approach the deposit from both facial and lingual aspects b. try to remove the deposit with an explorer using an assessment stroke c. use a calculus removal stroke subgingivally with an anterior sickle scaler d. use the ultrasonic with a universal insert applying heavy lateral pressure - correct answer Use a curet with a small, thin working end, and approach the deposit from both F&L aspects A clinician decides to use a hand instrument to remove a tenacious, moderate calculus deposit on the facial of #31. The calculus deposit is located supra on the crown. Which of the following instruments would you choose? A. Universal curet with short lower shank length B. Standard Gracey 13/14 C. Rigid gracy curet D. Posterior sickle - correct answer Posterior sickle A right handed clinician is working on the buccal of #2. The clinician is using a Gracey 13/14 curet and retracting the client's cheek with a mirror. The clinician's neck is bent excessively as she works. What correction should they make for more ergonomic positioning? a. Ask the client to turn her head slightly away from the clinician

b. Turn the mirror head so that the reflecting surface can be used to view the distal surface c. ask the client to turn toward the clinician and lower her chin down toward her chest (chin-down position) d. raise the clients chair up to bring the working area level with the clinicians eye level - correct answer Turn the mirror head so the reflecting surface can be used to view the distal surface Inactive ingredients help maintain the toothpaste's consistency to make it more palatable to the consumer. Active ingredients contribute to the therapeutic properties of dentifrice. A. Both are true B. Both are false C. First is true, second is false D. First is false, second is true - correct answer Both are true What is the 1st clinical sign of demineralization? a. a dark spot in the pits and fissures b. white spot lesion c. when sealant is not retained d. biofilm on the tooth surface - correct answer A white spot lesion Piezo tips have a ____ movement whereas magnetostrictive inserts have a _____ movement.

a. oblique; lateral b. lateral; oblique c. elliptical; linear d. linear; elliptical - correct answer Linear;elliptical All of the following are assessment instruments except: a. 11/12 explorer b. periodontal probe c. 1/2 Gracey d. mouth mirror - correct answer 1/2 gracey Standard or universal tips are designed for: A. Deplaquing shallow pockets B. Moderate to heavy deposits C. Finishing D. Implants - correct answer Moderate to heavy deposits 3 characteristics to consider when selecting an instrument handle are a. weight, diameter and texture b. weight, length and diameter c. length, diameter and texture

d. weight, diameter, and length - correct answer Weight, diameter and texture The universal curet has ____ working ends a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 - correct answer 2 N2O/O2 has significant negative effects on the _______________ system. a. hepatic b. endocrine c. genitourinary d. renal system e. none of these are correct - correct answer None of these. It has very few interactions with any body system. Who devised the 1st practical classification of occlusion? a. Black b. Bolton c. Angle d. Wilhem - correct answer Angle

The preconditioning stage of biofilm attachment is considered a. Materia alba b. Acquired pellicle c. Glycocalyx d. None of the above - correct answer Acquired pellicle Which of the following is not a primary bacterium associated with biofilm formation A. S mutans B. S sanguinis C. Actinomyces viscosus D. S viscosus - correct answer Strep viscosus You can palpate mobility of your patient's maxillary centrals when he taps his teeth together. This is called a. Crepitus b. Fenestration c. Dehiscence d. Fremitus - correct answer Fremitus Which of the following is the best single estimate of the perio support around a tooth?