NBDHE Practice Questions: Radiology and Immunology, Exams of Nursing

Download NBDHE Practice Questions: Radiology and Immunology and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 The x-ray was discovered by a. Heinrich Geissler b. Wilhelm Roentgen c. Johann Hittorf d. William Crookes - Correct Answers ✅Wilhelm Roentgen Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays? A. Beta particles B. Alpha particles C. Cathode rays D. Radioactive materials - Correct Answers ✅Cathode rays Which term describes two or more atoms that are joined by a chemical bond? a. ion b. ion pair c. molecule d. proton - Correct Answers ✅Molecule Which is not a type of particulate radiation? A. Alpha particles B. Beta particles C. Protons D. Nucleons - Correct Answers ✅Nucleons NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 Which is the location where x-rays are produced? A. Positive cathode B. Positive anode C. Negative cathode D. Negative anode - Correct Answers ✅Positive anode Which describes scatter radiation? A. Radiation that exits the tubehead B. Radiation that is more penetrating than primary radiation C. Radiation that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter D. none of the above - Correct Answers ✅Radiation that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter In dental imaging, the quality of the x ray beam is controlled by? a. kilovoltage b. miliamperage c. exposure time d. source-to-receptor distance - Correct Answers ✅Kilovoltage Increasing milliamperage results in an increase in: A. Temperature of filament B. Mean energy of beam NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 C. Circular D. all are equally effective in reducing patient exposure - Correct Answers ✅Rectangular Which statement describes the function of a filter in a dental x-ray tube head? A. It reduces the size and shape of the beam B. It removes low energy x rays C. It removes the dose of radiation to the thyroid gland D. It decreases the mean energy of the beam - Correct Answers ✅It removes low energy x rays The dental radiographer can regulate the x ray beam (kVp, mA, time) through the use of the a. control panel b. extension arm c. console d. position-indicating device (PID) - Correct Answers ✅Control panel One advantage of a film with an emulsion coating on both sides (double-emulsion film) is that a. the film requires less radiation exposure to make an image b. the image produced is less distorted c. the film has less sensitivity to radiation d. processing solutions are absorbed more easily - Correct Answers ✅The film requires less radiation exposure to make an image NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 The intensifying screen that emits green light and must be used with green sensitive film is termed a. calcium tungstate b. rare earth c. phosphor d. rare tungstate - Correct Answers ✅Rare earth A dental image that demonstrates many shades of gray is said to have a. high contrast b. low contrast c. high density d. low density - Correct Answers ✅Low contrast The hydroquinone in the developer brings out the _____ tones, whereas the Elon in the developer bring out the _____ tones on a dental radiograph. a. black; white b. white; black c. gray; gray d. white; gray e. black; gray - Correct Answers ✅Black; gray A universal safelight filter such as the GBX-2 by the Carestream Health is recommended for NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 a. intraoral films only b. extraoral screen films only c. extraoral nonscreen films only d. intraoral and extraoral films - Correct Answers ✅Intraoral and extraoral films Which describes the relationship between the receptor and the long axis of the tooth in the paralleling technique? A. The receptor and the tooth are parallel to each other B. The receptor and the tooth are at right angles to each other C. The receptor and the tooth are perpendicular to each other D. The receptor and the tooth are intersecting each other - Correct Answers ✅The receptor and the tooth are parallel to each other Too much vertical angulation results in images that are a. elongated b. foreshortened c. overlapped d. none of the above - Correct Answers ✅Foreshortened The zone in which structures are clearly demonstrated on a pano image is termed the a. rotation center b. ghost image NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 Informed consent is considered an implied contract because it is a written agreement. A. Both are true B. Both are false C. First is true, second is false D. First is false, second is true - Correct Answers ✅-First is false, second is true -Written informed consent is considered an explicit vs. implied contract or agreement State regulations that include infection control requirements are designed to protect who? a. the patient b. the practitioner c. both the patient and the practitioner d. neither the patient or the practitioner - Correct Answers ✅The patient Not meeting the standard of care would violate which ethical principle/core value? a. autonomy b. societal trust c. confidentiality d. non-maleficence - Correct Answers ✅Societal Trust NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 Regulatory entities who impact the practice of DH include all but which of the following: A. State licensing boards B. Local laws and codes C. Professional associations D. State public health and safety codes E. Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Correct Answers ✅Professional associations Active listening involves which of the following? A. Silence B. Open ended questions C. Closed ended questions D. None of the above - Correct Answers ✅Silence Examples of negligence include all but which of the following: A. Not meeting the standard of care B. Incorrect medical or dental history taking C. Placing sealants on a minor without consent D. Failure to diagnose, refer or treat perio disease E. All of the above are considered forms of negligence - Correct Answers ✅Placing sealants on a minor without consent All of the following are involved in enforcing infection control in dentistry except: NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 A. CDC B. OSHA C. State licensing boards with infection control regulations D. All of the above - Correct Answers ✅CDC Posting a negative comment on social media regarding a patient is considered slander as well as a violation of autonomy. A. Both are true B. Both are false C. First is true, second is false D. First is false, second is true - Correct Answers ✅-First is false, second is true -A written, negative comment regarding a patient is considered libel vs. slander which is "verbal" and shows a tremendous lack of respect which relates to autonomy Maintaining a professional accountability includes which of the following? A. Maintain ethical standards in practice B. Encourage professional colleagues to follow the same ethical standards C. Reports colleagues unethical behavior to appropriate peer review entities D. Remain current regarding state rules and regulations governing dental and DH practice E. All of the above - Correct Answers ✅All of the above Breach of contract violates which ethical principle/core value? NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 b. non-maleficence c. fidelity d. justice e. veracity - Correct Answers ✅Veracity Confidentiality relates to the confidentiality of the patient information and relationship and demonstrates the profession's values of which ethical principle? a. autonomy b. beneficence c. non-maleficence d. justice e. societal trust - Correct Answers ✅Autonomy A patient makes an appt. for their 6 month recall and an exam is performed as well as a prophylaxis. This represents what type of contract? A. Express B. Explicit C. Implied D. Implicit E. C&D - Correct Answers ✅-C&D- implied and implicit are the same -action based Which of the following are considered 'law' and enforceable for violations of? A. Guidelines NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 B. Regulations C. Policy D. All of the above E. None of the above - Correct Answers ✅Regulations You just treated a patient who is HIV+. How should you handle the instruments and cassette after use? A. follow routine instrument processing steps B. sterilize the instruments with a chemical sterilant first, rinse them, place them back in the cassette, and then follow routine instrument processing steps. C. Immediately heat sterilize the instruments and then follow routine instrument processing steps D. put the cassette through the routine processing steps twice - Correct Answers ✅Follow routine instrument processing steps What is the primary difference between regulated and nonregulated waste? a. the amount of time the item is in direct patient contact b. the designation of an item as disposable c. the procedure for which the item was used d. the amount of liquid blood or other potentially infectious body fluid present - Correct Answers ✅The amount of liquid blood or other potentially infectious body fluid present Which of the following is OSHA primarily concerned with protecting? A. Employee NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 B. Employer C. Client D. Community - Correct Answers ✅Employee Individuals with stable angina pectoris, COPD and/or mild CHF are in which ASA category? a. ASA I b. ASA II c. ASA III d. ASA IV - Correct Answers ✅ASA III What phase of the dental hygiene process of care immediately follows diagnosis? a. assessment b. evaluation c. implementation d. planning - Correct Answers ✅Planning What is the GV Black Classification of dental caries and restorations located on the gingival buccal third of #18? a. Class II b. Class III c. Class IV d. Class V - Correct Answers ✅Class V NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 c. ask the client to turn toward the clinician and lower her chin down toward her chest (chin-down position) d. raise the clients chair up to bring the working area level with the clinicians eye level - Correct Answers ✅Turn the mirror head so the reflecting surface can be used to view the distal surface Inactive ingredients help maintain the toothpaste's consistency to make it more palatable to the consumer. Active ingredients contribute to the therapeutic properties of dentifrice. A. Both are true B. Both are false C. First is true, second is false D. First is false, second is true - Correct Answers ✅Both are true What is the 1st clinical sign of demineralization? a. a dark spot in the pits and fissures b. white spot lesion c. when sealant is not retained d. biofilm on the tooth surface - Correct Answers ✅A white spot lesion Piezo tips have a ____ movement whereas magnetostrictive inserts have a _____ movement. a. oblique; lateral b. lateral; oblique c. elliptical; linear NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 d. linear; elliptical - Correct Answers ✅Linear;elliptical All of the following are assessment instruments except: a. 11/12 explorer b. periodontal probe c. 1/2 Gracey d. mouth mirror - Correct Answers ✅1/2 gracey Standard or universal tips are designed for: A. Deplaquing shallow pockets B. Moderate to heavy deposits C. Finishing D. Implants - Correct Answers ✅Moderate to heavy deposits 3 characteristics to consider when selecting an instrument handle are a. weight, diameter and texture b. weight, length and diameter c. length, diameter and texture d. weight, diameter, and length - Correct Answers ✅Weight, diameter and texture The universal curet has ____ working ends a. 1 NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 - Correct Answers ✅2 N2O/O2 has significant negative effects on the _______________ system. a. hepatic b. endocrine c. genitourinary d. renal system e. none of these are correct - Correct Answers ✅None of these. It has very few interactions with any body system. Who devised the 1st practical classification of occlusion? a. Black b. Bolton c. Angle d. Wilhem - Correct Answers ✅Angle The preconditioning stage of biofilm attachment is considered a. Materia alba b. Acquired pellicle c. Glycocalyx d. None of the above - Correct Answers ✅Acquired pellicle NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 a. IgE b. IgD c. IgA d. IgG - Correct Answers ✅IgE Which blood type can be given to all individuals? a. Type-O positive b. Type-O negative c. Type AB-positive d. Type AB-negative - Correct Answers ✅Type O negative Microscopically, staph present as a. paired microbes b. grape-like clusters c. chains of organisms d. encapsulated clumps - Correct Answers ✅Grape like clusters Which of the following organisms are implicated in pregnancy gingivitis? A. Lactobacillus B. Actinomyces viscosus C. Prevotella intermedia D. P gingivalis - Correct Answers ✅Prevotella intermedia NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 Which organism is causative for pharyngitis (strep throat) and scarlet fever? a. Streptococcus mitis b. Streptococcus sobrinus c. Streptococcus salivarius d. Streptococcus pyrogenes - Correct Answers ✅Streptococcus pyogenes Which type of bacteria is most often implicated in root caries? a. Prevotella b. Lactobacillus c. Actinomyces d. Streptococcus - Correct Answers ✅Actinomyces Which microorganism can be encapsulated with a polysaccharide layer? a. Actinomyces israelii b. Neisseria meningitidis c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Streptococcus pneumoniae - Correct Answers ✅Streptococcus pneumoniae The complement system aids in the immune response by a. creating antibodies b. increasing vasodilation c. decreasing inflammation NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 d. increasing lysis and opsonization - Correct Answers ✅Increasing lysis and opsonization In characterizing Gram + organisms, which of the following characterizes the cell wall structure of these bacteria? a. thin, 3-layer cell wall structure that stains red on examination b. thick, 2-layer cell wall structure that stains red on examination c. thick, 2-layer cell wall structure that stains blue on examination d. thick, 3-layer cell wall structure that stains blue on examination - Correct Answers ✅Thick, 2 layer cell wall structure that stains blue on examination Which microscopic technique must be employed to identify mycobacterium tuberculosis? a. acid-fast staining b. dark field microscopy c. cassein-associated imaging d. scanning electron microscopy - Correct Answers ✅Acid fast staining At what stage of bacterial growth are organisms MOST susceptible to antimicrobial action? a. lag phase b. death phase c. logarithmic phase d. stationary phase - Correct Answers ✅Logarithmic phase NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 b. Mast cell inactivity c. Humoral immunity d Primarily dependent on T cells - Correct Answers ✅Humoral immunity A virion is a a. viral envelope b. Complete virus c. cytoplasmic enclosure d. remnant of a virus used in diagnostic tests - Correct Answers ✅Complete virus The shape of most viruses is a. rod-like b. spherical c. icosahedral d. pleomorphic - Correct Answers ✅Icosahedral Antigens possess all of the following properties EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? a. have epitopes b. mostly proteins c. foreign/non-self d. low molecular weight - Correct Answers ✅Low molecular weight NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 In characterizing Gram + organisms, which of the following characterizes the cell wall structure of these bacteria? a. thin, 3 layer cell wall structure that stains red b. thick, 2 layer cell wall that stains red c. thick, 2 layer cell wall that stains blue/purple c. thick, 3 layer cell wall that stains blue/purple - Correct Answers ✅thick, 2 layer cell wall that stains blue/purple A facultative anaerobe grows in the presence of a. oxygen b. no oxygen c. no oxygen or oxygen d. low concentrations of oxygen - Correct Answers ✅oxygen or no oxygen During what phase of bacterial growth are the number of new cells equal to the number of dying cells? a. lag phase b. death phase c. stationary phase d. exponential phase - Correct Answers ✅Stationary phase The predominate cell associated with acute inflammation is A. basophils B. neutrophils NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 C. Macrophages D. Lymphocytes - Correct Answers ✅Neutrophils What type of immunoglobulin is associated with Type I hypersensitivity reaction? a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG e. IgM - Correct Answers ✅IgE PMNs and macrophages are involved in phagocytosis. Both of these cell types migrate to sites of inflammation to engulf bacteria and discharge granules consisting of microbial substances. a. Both are true b. Both are false c. First is true, second is false d. First is false, second is true - Correct Answers ✅Both are true T lymphocytes a. mature in the thymus b. stimulate B lymphocytes c. are derived from bone marrow d. all of the above - Correct Answers ✅All of the above NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 Eventually in tooth development the condensation of ectomesenchymal cells will form the dental sac which will develop into which of the following? A. PDL B. Pulp C. Dentin D. Enamel - Correct Answers ✅PDL Which of the following arteries carries deoxygenated blood? A. Facial B. Lingual C. Maxillary D. Pulmonary E. Superior thyroid - Correct Answers ✅Pulmonary arteries Where do T lymphocytes mature? A. Bone B. Thyroid gland C. Thymus gland D. Pituitary gland E. Parathyroid gland - Correct Answers ✅Thymus gland Which tooth may exhibit a cusp of Carabelli? A. Maxillary 1st molar NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 B. Maxillary premolar C. Maxillary 2nd molar D. Mandibular premolar E. Mandibular 2nd molar - Correct Answers ✅Maxillary 1st molar Rests of Malassez can develop into cysts and are formed from ______. A. Stellate reticulum B. Ectomesenchyme C. Outer enamel epithelium D. Reduced enamel epithelium E. Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheath - Correct Answers ✅Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheath All of the following are muscles of mastication except for which? A. Masseter B. Buccinator C. Temporalis D. Lateral pterygoid E. Medial pterygoid - Correct Answers ✅Buccinator Which primary teeth erupt first? A. Maxillary incisors B. Mandibular incisors NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 C. Mandibular cuspids D. Maxillary first molars E. Mandibular first molars - Correct Answers ✅Mandibular central incisors In a patient that grinds, which muscles will be prominent? A. Masseter B. Temporalis C. Zygomaticus D. Medial Pterygoid E. Lateral pterygoid - Correct Answers ✅Masseter Which muscle retracts the tongue? A. Transverse B. Hyoglossus C. Styloglossus D. Genioglossus E. Superior longitudinal - Correct Answers ✅Styloglossus All of the following are branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve except which? A. Lingual B. Masseteric C. Deep temporal NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 D. whitish in color E. all of the above - Correct Answers ✅-Whitish in color -Filiform papillae are the most numerous, are white and do NOT contain Von Ebner glands or taste buds Where is the sublingual caruncle location? - Correct Answers ✅It is the protrusion along the sides of the lingual frenum and is the opening for the submandibular and sublingual glands What is another term for Wharton's duct? - Correct Answers ✅Submandibular duct What is the protrusion along the sides of the frenum? - Correct Answers ✅Sublingual caruncle Which nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression? a. V b. VII c. IX d. XI - Correct Answers ✅VII The Rests of Malassez are located where? a. PDL b. cementum c. dentin NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 d. pulp e. enamel - Correct Answers ✅PDL The strongest, most wear resistant restorative material is a. gold b. amalgam c. porcelain d. composite e. porcelain fused to metal - Correct Answers ✅Gold Triclosan is a toothpaste additive used to a. prevent caries b. control sensitivity c. eliminate oral malodor d. minimize the formation of calculus e. antimicrobial, specific for gingivitis - Correct Answers ✅Antimicrobial; used specifically for gingivitis The best method to use when polishing teeth via rubber cup is a. the least abrasive agent with firm, constant pressure b. light intermittent pressure with coarse prophy paste c. highest speed, moderate pressure and appropriate prophy paste NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 d. lowest speed, least abrasive agent with light, intermittent pressure - Correct Answers ✅Lowest speed, least abrasive agent with light and intermittent pressure The main purpose for etching in preparing a tooth surface for a sealant is a. increasing wettability of the enamel b. improving retention by cleaning the area to be sealed c. to form 'tags' or microscopic pores to retain material d. all of the above - Correct Answers ✅To form "tags" or microscopic pores to retain material is the MAIN purpose Which best describes the type of retention seen with sealants A. Chemical B. Mechanical C. Chemo-mechanical D. None of the above - Correct Answers ✅Mechanical Rubber cup or air polishing will remove which? A. Fluorosis B. White spots C. Intrinsic stains D. Extrinsic stains E. Tetracycline stains - Correct Answers ✅Extrinsic stain NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 e. B and C - Correct Answers ✅Add potassium sulfate An MO composite on a posterior tooth is which GV Black Classification? a. Class I b. Class II c. Class III d. Class IV e. Class V f. Class VI - Correct Answers ✅Class II What is a primary drawback to using an irreversible hydrocolloid impression material? a. highly viscous b. flexibility of setting time c. sets via physical reaction d. susceptible to syneresis and imbibition e. all of the above - Correct Answers ✅Susceptible to syneresis and imbibition Which material is least effected by saliva contamination? a. sealant b. amalgam c. composite d. resin glass ionomer - Correct Answers ✅Amalgam NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 Which of the following represents the smallest particle size for composite materials? A. Nanofill B. Microfill C. Macrofill D. Microhybrid - Correct Answers ✅Nanofill All impression materials set by gelation with the exception of reversible hydrocolloid. Reversible hydrocolloids set by polymerization. A. Both are true B. Both are false C. First is true, second is false D. First is false, second is true - Correct Answers ✅-Both are false -All impression materials set by polymerization EXCEPT reversible hydrocolloid (agar) which sets through gelation Sensitivity can be treated clinically with 5% NaF varnishes which are FDA approved for treating hypersensitivity. Caries prevention is an off label and accepted use for 5% NaF Varnish. A. Both are true B. Both are false C. First is true, second is false D. First is false, second is true - Correct Answers ✅Both are true NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 Caries or restoration on the incisal edge of anterior teeth or the cusp tips of posterior teeth is considered which GV black classification? a. class I b. class II c. class III d. class IV e. class V f. class VI - Correct Answers ✅Class VI Calcium hydroxide is known for which property? A. Seals dentinal tubules B. Stimulates reparative dentin C. Has a sedative effect on pulp D. A & C - Correct Answers ✅Stimulates reparative dentin Which provides desensitization via nerve depolarization? A. Calcium phosphate B. Potassium nitrate C. Potassium oxalate D. Stannous Fluoride E. Strontium chloride - Correct Answers ✅Potassium nitrate Which property may result in a metallic taste? NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 Which of the following are characteristics of aggressive perio? A. A long standing inflammatory disease with periods of remission and exacerbation B. A slowly progressive disease that usually manifests itself around puberty C. A degenerative disease of the periodontium initially characterized by bone loss in anterior teeth and 1st molars D. A rapidly progressive inflammatory disease that most often affects the entire dentition equally - Correct Answers ✅A degenerative disease of the periodontium initially characterized by bone loss in anterior teeth and 1st molars Which one of the following differentiates subgingival plaque biofilm from supra gingival plaque? a. chromogenic bacteria influence the color b. gram-negative anaerobes predominate c. aerobic bacteria predominate in the slime layer d. the biofilm becomes calcified over time - Correct Answers ✅Gram negative anaerobes predominate Which types of cells are responsible for resorption of cementum and bone in ortho tooth movement? a. cementoblasts b. fibroblasts c. osteoblasts d. cementoclasts e. osteoclasts - Correct Answers ✅Osteoclasts NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 All of the following conditions can be determined by radiographic examination EXCEPT one. Which is the exception? A. Extent and severity of bone loss B. Height of crystal bone C. Widening of PDL space D. Presence of perio pockets E. Presence of calculus - Correct Answers ✅Presence of perio pockets A 34 year old client with early chronic perio who smokes and has challenges with self care is new to your practice. All of the following initial or nonsurgical perio therapies are appropriate to recommend for this client except one. Which is the exception? A. Topical antimicrobial mouthrinse B. Gingival curettage C. Scaling and perio debridement D. Selective stain removal - Correct Answers ✅Gingival curettage - has no significant benefit over scaling, debridement and root planning in the treatment of chronic perio Which structure demarcates the attached gingiva from the alveolar mucosa? a. junctional epithelium b. gingival margin c. gingival groove d. mucogingival junction - Correct Answers ✅Mucogingival junction NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 Which bacteria is tissue invading and thus associated with destruction of collagen and resorption of bone in periodontitis? a. actinomyces viscosus b. porphyromonas gingivalis c. treponema pallidum d. streptococcus sanguis - Correct Answers ✅P. gingivalis Supragingival calculus is primarily composed of a. calcium carbonate b. calcium phosphate c. glycoproteins d. magnesium - Correct Answers ✅Calcium phosphate Which type of perio disease is characterized by gray, sloughing tissue, pain and spontaneous bleeding? a. pericoronitis b. pregnancy-related gingivitis c. necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis d. gingival abscess - Correct Answers ✅Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Which condition should be suspected when a radiolucent area occurs at the apex of the root of a tooth on a radiograph? a. periodontal abscess NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 D. Pocket reduction or elimination - Correct Answers ✅Guided tissue regeneration The most common oral site for donor tissue for free gingival graft procedures is the a. palate b. tongue c. lingual mucosa d. fresh extraction site - Correct Answers ✅Palate Which of the following findings would indicate a failed dental implant? A. Peri implant inflammation B. BOP C. Alveolar bone loss D. Mobility - Correct Answers ✅Mobility All of the following are advantages of controlled drug delivery (sustained release drug delivery) over systemic drug administration in periodontal therapy EXCEPT one. Which is the exception? A. Less concern about client adherence throughout indicated time frame B. Site specific antimicrobial action in perio pocket C. High concentration delivered to the site of infection D. Can be used when periodontal infection is generalized or severe - Correct Answers ✅-Can be used when periodontal infection is generalized or severe NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 -controlled (sustained release) drug delivery is site specific and application is limited to a specific number of sites depending on the drug selected -therefore, systemic antibiotics are used for generalized conditions warranting antibiotic therapy Which of the following oral conditions are contagious? A. Acute pericoronitis B. Chronic perio C. Herpetic gingivostomatitis D. NUG - Correct Answers ✅Herpetic gingivostomatitis Which of the following local anesthetic agents may be useful in patients with hepatic dysfunction? A. Articaine B. Lidocaine C. Bupivacine D. Mepivacaine - Correct Answers ✅Articaine: only amide with an ester link; primarily metabolized in plasma When a drug enters the bloodstream, what portion of the agent exerts its therapeutic effect? a. the free form of the drug in plasma b. that portion of the drug bound to albumin c. the metabolized portion of the drug in plasma NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 d. once administered, all portions of the medicament are therapeutic - Correct Answers ✅The free form of the drug in plasma How does penicillin exert its bactericidal properties? a. produces endotoxin b. destroys cell wall integrity c. interferes with bacterial DNA synthesis d. destroys bacterial endoplasmic reticulum function - Correct Answers ✅Destroys cell wall integrity Pharmacokinetics refers to what happens to a drug from entrance into the body until the exit of all traces of the medicament. All of the following are processes involved with pharmacokinetics of medications EXCEPT one. Which is the exception? A. Excretion B. Absorption C. Distribution D. Mechanism of action - Correct Answers ✅Mechanism of action A drug with anticholinergic side effects might exhibit all of the following except one. Which is the exception? A. Mydriasis B. Salivation C. Tachycardia D. Constipation - Correct Answers ✅Salivation - with cholinergic agents NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 d. stat - Correct Answers ✅B. sig which means write on label. -ac: at meals -q3h: every 3 hours -stat: immediately All of the following meds affect bleeding times Except one. Which is the exception? A. Aspirin B. ibuprofen C. Coumadin D. Acetaminophen - Correct Answers ✅Acetaminophen A patient reports using fluticasone (Flovent) to control asthma symptoms. Upon exam, you notice white patches on the soft palate. What is the likely cause? a. stomatitis b. linea alba c. SLS allergy d. candidiasis - Correct Answers ✅Candidiasis Fosamax is often used as a medication to treat osteoporosis. What adverse oral side effect has been linked to Fosamax use? a. candidiasis b. necrosis of the mandible c. increased aphthous ulcer incidence NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 d. widened periodontal ligament space - Correct Answers ✅Necrosis of the mandible Nitrous oxide is eliminated via a. exhalation b. excretion in the urine c. p-450 enzyme system d. biotransformation in the respiratory system - Correct Answers ✅Exhalation Which of the following agents is the drug of choice for an early dental infection unless the patient is allergic to it? a. penecillin b. clindamycin c. erythromycin d. metronidazole - Correct Answers ✅Penicillin Primary site for drug metabolism a. liver b. sweat c. kidneys d. gingival crevicular fluid - Correct Answers ✅Liver NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 Your patient presents with peptic ulcer disease and is taking Coumadin for stroke prevention. Which of the following analgesic agents should you recommend following invasive procedures? a. Aspirin b. ibuprofen c. naproxen d. acetaminophen - Correct Answers ✅Acetaminophen Omeprazole (Prilosec) is a medication primarily used in treatment of a. GERD b. hypertension c. muscle spasm d. high cholesterol - Correct Answers ✅GERD Treatment with all of the following agents is associated with development of gingival hypertrophy EXCEPT one. Which is the exception? A. Clonidine B. Nifedipine C. Verapamil D. Phenytoin - Correct Answers ✅Clonidine Agents such as albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) cause bronchodilation by binding to a. beta 1 receptors b. beta 2 receptors NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 When the SANS is stimulated, the adrenal medulla releases primarily what neurotransmitter into the systemic circulation? a. muscarine b. epinephrine c. acetylcholine d. norepinephrine - Correct Answers ✅Epinephrine The addition of vasoconstrictor to local anesthetic has all of the following purposes except one. Which is the exception? A. Reduces systemic toxicity B. Limits systemic absorption C. Increases systemic toxicity D. Increases duration of anesthesia E. Reduces blood supply to the area - Correct Answers ✅Increases systemic toxicity Diazepam may be administered for treatment of which emergency? a. asthma b. seizure c. hypoglycemia d. hyperglycemia e. anaphylactic shock - Correct Answers ✅Seizure NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 A dose-related reaction that produces undesirable effects caused by the action on nontarget organs is called a. side effect b. drug allergy c. toxic reaction d. therapeutic effect - Correct Answers ✅A side effect Which of the following choices has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and anti platelet action? A. Aspirin B. Codeine C. Hydrocodone D. Acetaminophen - Correct Answers ✅Aspirin The most common adverse reaction associated with any insulin product is a. bradycardia b. hypoglycemia c. hyperglycemia d. intestinal stasis - Correct Answers ✅Hypoglycemia Which of the following products is the most commonly used opioid in dentistry? A. Codeine B. Morphine C. Hydrocodone NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 D. Oxymorphone - Correct Answers ✅Codeine What part of a prescription instructs the patient how to take a med? A. ac (at meals) B. sig C. q3h D. stat (immediately) - Correct Answers ✅Sig: that means "write on label" therefore the instructions are on the bottle What virus is associated with herpangina? a. coxsackie virus b. chickenpox virus c. Epstein Barr virus d. varicella zoster - Correct Answers ✅Coxsackie virus Epulis fissuratum is caused by a. denture cleaner b. allergic reaction c. denture suction chaber d. ill-fitting denture - Correct Answers ✅An ill fitting denture What is the most common site for a supernumerary tooth? a. distal to the maxillary third molar NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 D. Condensing osteitis - Correct Answers ✅Ameloblastoma Which one of the following is FALSE concerning Addison's disease? A. Bronzing of skin B. Patient may experience pathologic fracture C. Known as primary adrenal cortical insufficiency D. May be caused by a malignant tumor that destroys adrenal gland - Correct Answers ✅Patient may experience pathologic fracture Hyperthyroidism in children can lead to a. ankylosis b. partial anodontia c. amelogenesis imperfecta d. early exfoliation of the deciduous dentition and early eruption of permanent teeth - Correct Answers ✅Early exfoliation of the deciduous dentition and early eruption of the permanent teeth Hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and abnormal bone metabolism are characteristic of which condition? a. hypothyroidism b. hyperpituitarism c. hyperparathyroidism d. hyperparapituitarism - Correct Answers ✅Hyperparathyroidism NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 Which of the following is typically an acute metabolic complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus? A. Retinal damage B. Ketoacidosis C. Atherosclerosis D. End stage kidney failure - Correct Answers ✅Ketoacidosis Polydipsia, polyuria and polyphagia are all characteristic of a. hyperthyroidism b. Addison's disease c. hyperparathyroidism d. type 1 diabetes mellitus - Correct Answers ✅Type 1 diabetes mellitus Which is not true of Type 2 DM? A. Autoimmunity is the key to its development B. Typically occurs at 40 years of age or older C. Those with it have increased insulin resistance D. Glucose control can be achieved without daily insulin injections in many cases - Correct Answers ✅Autoimmunity is the key to its development Which oral complication is not typically associated with diabetes mellitus? A. Candidiasis B. Xerostomia C. Excessive periodontal bone loss NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 D. Multilocular radiolucencies with pathologic fractures - Correct Answers ✅Multilocular radiolucencies with pathologic fractures Which of the following is NOT a cause of iron deficiency anemia? A. Chronic blood loss B. Deficiency in iron intake C. Normal bone marrow function D. Increased requirement for iron - Correct Answers ✅Normal bone marrow function Achlorhydria, failure to absorb vitamin B12 and megaloblastic anemia are characteristic features of a. thalassemia b. sickle cell anemia c. pernicious anemia d. thrombocytopenic purpura - Correct Answers ✅Pernicious anemia Oral candidiasis is caused by a a. fungus b. protozoan c. bacterium d. spirochete - Correct Answers ✅Fungus All of the following conditions are associated with Epstein Barr Virus except NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a given period of time is referred to as a. incidence b. mortality c. causality d. prevalence e. morbidity - Correct Answers ✅Incidence During which stage does the RDH develop a blueprint? A. Planning B. Evaluation C. Assessment D. Implementation E. Dental hygiene diagnosis - Correct Answers ✅Planning Designing a community health program in the local community that provides mouthguard to the student athletes is what type of prevention? a. primary prevention b. secondary prevention c. tertiary prevention d. modern prevention - Correct Answers ✅Primary prevention What is the top step of the learning ladder? a. habit NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 b. action c. awareness d. involvement - Correct Answers ✅Habit In a data set, the median is the a. average b. midpoint c. least frequently occurring value d. most frequently occurring value - Correct Answers ✅Midpoint Which type of research studies the same population over an extended period of time? a. pilot study b. historical study c. longitudinal study d. experimental study e. retrospective study - Correct Answers ✅Longitudinal study Which study tries to investigate cause and effect relationships and involves manipulation of variables? a. trend b. survey c. correlational d. experimental - Correct Answers ✅Experimental study NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 During which stage does the program begin operation? a. planning b. evaluation c. assessment d. implementation e. dental hygiene diagnosis - Correct Answers ✅Implementation Examples of methods used for dental health prevention include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which is the exception? A. Sealants B. Restorations C. Water Fluoridation D. Nutritional counseling - Correct Answers ✅Restorations The gingival index (GI) is a reversible index. It assess the prevalence and severity of perio disease. A. Both parts are true B. Both parts are false C. First part is true, the second is false D. First part is false, the second is true - Correct Answers ✅-First part is true, the second is false -It determines the prevalence and severity of gingivitis NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 A small version of a proposed study that is used to test the design prior to the long term study is called a a. case study b. pilot study c. pivotal study d. descriptive study - Correct Answers ✅Pilot study The number of all existing cases of a disease in a population measured at a given point is referred to as a. incidence b. mortality c. morbidity d. prevalence - Correct Answers ✅Prevalence The internal evaluation of a program is referred to as the formative evaluation. It is conducted after the implementation of the program. A. Both parts are true B. Both parts are false C. First part is true, the second is false D. First part is false, the second is true - Correct Answers ✅-First part is true, the second is false -It is conducted during the PLANNING phase NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 The 5 dimensional health model includes all of the following except one. Which is the exception? A. Mental B. Physical C. Spiritual D. Emotional E. Psychological - Correct Answers ✅Psychological (the one missing is social) During which stage are the goals/objectives measured? a. planning b. diagnosis c. evaluation d. assessment e. implementation - Correct Answers ✅Evaluation The 2nd step on the learning ladder is? a. action b. awareness c. self-interest d. involvement - Correct Answers ✅Awareness (1. Unawareness, 2. Awareness, 3. Self interest, 4. Involvement, 5. Action, 6. Habit) NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 What type of sampling technique selects every nth subject to participate in a study? a. random b. stratified c. systematic d. judgemental e. convenience - Correct Answers ✅Systematic The nursing home in your neighborhood has 8 residents with full natural dentition. Their ages range from 85-95 years old. Their nurse has indicated to you that they have a need for improved oral hygiene and all of them suffer from moderate- severe arthritis. The admin has asked you to work with the nursing home to implement a dental community health program for these residents. The nursing home has a portable dental chair for use, but you decide for ease of assessment to use only a tongue depressor and available lighting to assess residents. You have the residents chew a disclosing tablet and expectorate the excess in a sink. Upon performing the patient hygiene performance index (PHP) you document their scores 2.5, 1.5, 2.75, 2.5, 2.25, 2.5, 3.0, and 1.5. You plan to provide Oral hygiene instructions to the residents once a week and will reassess the population in 2 months. What type of exam is used in this program? - Correct Answers ✅Type 4 The nursing home in your neighborhood has 8 residents with full natural dentition. Their ages range from 85-95 years old. Their nurse has indicated to you that they have a need for improved oral hygiene and all of them suffer from moderate- severe arthritis. The admin has asked you to work with the nursing home to implement a dental community health program for these residents. The nursing NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 When you return to the nursing home in two - Correct Answers ✅evaluation Epinephrine should be avoided or used with caution in patients who are taking all of the following except: A. Chantix B. Lanoxin C. Synthroid D. Beta blocker - Correct Answers ✅Synthroid Which of the following is the serum marker for HIV infection? A. HAV B. HBcAg C. HBsAG D. HIV antibody - Correct Answers ✅HIV antibody Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for all of the following conditions except: A. Cardiac transplant B. Heart vance prosthesis C. Chronic renal failure D. Previous coronary artery bypass - Correct Answers ✅Previous coronary artery bypass Exophthalmos may be a symptom of a. cretinism NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 b. hypothyroidism c. hyperthyroidism d. marfan syndrome - Correct Answers ✅-Hyperthyroidism -bulging of the eyes Episodic vasoconstriction of digits due to cold temps is a symptoms of a. Reye's syndrome b. marfans syndrome c. epidermolysis bullosa d. raynaud's phenomenon - Correct Answers ✅Raynaud's phenomenon In the emergency treatment of angina pectoris, the mechanism of action of nitroglycerin is a. relaxation of cardiac muscle b. blocking beta adrenergic receptors c. relaxation of vascular smooth muscle d. reflex decrease in heart rate and contractility - Correct Answers ✅Relaxation of vascular smooth muscles Mucosal pallor, delayed tooth eruption, and atrophy of tongue papillae are all oral manifestations of a. hepatitis b. Crohn's disease c. sickle cell anemia NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 d. chronic renal failure - Correct Answers ✅Sickle Cell Anemia Stage 2 HTN is classified when a client's BP is a consistent reading of A. 145/98 B. 110/75 C. 120/80 D. 180/120 - Correct Answers ✅145/98 Which type of hepatitis is caused by poor hygiene, transmitted via oral-fecal route? a. Type A and E b. Type A, B, C c. Type B and E d. Type D and E - Correct Answers ✅Type A & E Which condition is associated with diffuse pigmentation of the skin and mucosa caused by insufficient adrenal cortical steroid production? a. Myxedema b. diabetes mellitus c. Addison's disease d. Cushing's syndrome - Correct Answers ✅Addison's disease According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), in public facilities both architectural and communication barriers must be removed. A dentist who leases NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 C. Microdontia D. Macrodontia - Correct Answers ✅Macrodontia Which of the following a recommendation for pts. with medication-induced xerostomia? A. Use lemons to stimulate saliva B. Use high dose 2.0% NaFl gel C. Reduce medication use to decrease dry mouth D. Increase intake of fluids, such as sports drinks and fruit juices - Correct Answers ✅Use high dose 2.0% NaFl gel Clients at highest risk for adverse outcomes from infective endocarditis include all of the following cardiac conditions except one. Which is the exception? A. Heart transplant B. Artificial heart valves C. Recent MI D. Previous history of endocarditis - Correct Answers ✅Recent MI Clients with sustained elevated BP are at risk for A. Kidney failure B. Myocardial infarction C. Cerebrovascular accident D. All of the above - Correct Answers ✅All of the above NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 Appt. guidelines for clients with coronary heart disease suggests that dental hygiene care be: A. Postponed until the individual's status is 6 months or more post infarction B. Conducted in short morning appts. to help control environmental stress C. Designed to address the client's needs regarding lifestyle changes and perio disease status D. All of the above - Correct Answers ✅All of the above Which of the following is characterized by myocardial dysfunction, diminished cardiac output, or abnormal circulatory congestion? A. Atherosclerosis B. Coronary heart disease C. Patent ductus arteriosus D. Congestive heart failure - Correct Answers ✅Congestive heart failure A 58 year old male requires extensive perio treatment. He has been on anticoagulant drug therapy and is taking warfarin (Coumadin). In order to avoid post treatment hemorrhage, the RDH should first A. Prescribe vitamin K B. Ask him to discontinue taking the drug C. Ask for a determination of his prothrombin time D. Consult his doctor about discontinuing medication - Correct Answers ✅Consult his doctor about discontinuing medication NBDHE Practice Questions with complete solution version 2024 Which consequence may be likely if a client suffering with angina were to delay a sublingual dose of nitroglycerin? A. Angina attack B. Atrial fibrillation C. Myocardial infarction D. Hypertensive reaction - Correct Answers ✅Myocardial infarction Which of the following is a dental hygiene care consideration for a hypertensive client? A. Recording prothrombin time B. Vasopressors in local anesthetic agents C. Short appts. to control environmental stress D. Caution in manipulating oral tissues to avoid severity of bacteremia - Correct Answers ✅Vasopressors in local anesthetic agents Which of the following routes of administration bypasses the GI tract? a. IV b. oral c. buccal d. sublingual - Correct Answers ✅IV Which of the following agencies is responsible for the approval of drugs? a. FDA b. EPA