NCCT Full Exam with Complete Solutions Graded A, Exams of Health sciences

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SOLUTIONS GRADED A

A) Stainless steel - correct answerSurgical instruments are made of what type of substance? A) Stainless steel B) Copper C) Silver D) Aluminum C) Sleeve - correct answerWhich is not part of a typical surgical instrument? A) Tip B) Jaws C) Sleeve D) Finger rings A) Context - correct answerIt is efficient to learn the names of instruments as they are in ________. A) Context B) The sterilizer C) Storage D) Pictures B) Type - correct answerDuring surgery, many surgeons identify instruments by __________. A) Full name B) Type C) Size D) Code B) Jaws - correct answerWhich part of a clamp hold the tissue securely? A) Shank B) Jaws C) Hinge D) Blade C) Hemostats - correct answerThe most common types of clamps are called _______. A) Scalpel B) Forceps C) Hemostats D) Holders A) Holding tissue to the side away from the wound - correct answerRetractors are used for _________. A) Holding tissue to the side away from the wound B) Closing vessels C) Incision

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D) Sutures A) Scalpel handle B) Scalpel blade C) Scissors D) Thumb forceps E) Retractor F) Hemostatic clamp - correct answer(Figure 1) Name each of the above instruments with it's generic name, proceeding from left to right. A) B) C) D) E) F) A) Needle holder B) Suction tip C) Obstetric forceps D) Cardiovascular scissors E) Bone cutter - correct answer(Figure 2) Examine the photograph above and identify the instruments from left to right. A) B) C) D) E) E) Heavy needle drivers - correct answerHeavy suturing: A) Fine needle drivers B) Towel holders C) Hemostats D) Wire cutters E) Heavy needle drivers C) Hemostats - correct answerDelicate vessels: A) Fine needle drivers B) Towel holders C) Hemostats D) Wire cutters E) Heavy needle drivers B) Towel holders - correct answerHolding drapes: A) Fine needle drivers B) Towel holders C) Hemostats D) Wire cutters E) Heavy needle drivers D) Wire cutters - correct answerWire sutures: A) Fine needle drivers B) Towel holders C) Hemostats D) Wire cutters E) Heavy needle drivers A) Fine needle drivers - correct answerDelicate needles: A) Fine needle drivers B) Towel holders C) Hemostats

SOLUTIONS GRADED A

B) Carbon dioxide and Frenon - correct answerEthylene oxide is highly flammable, but when mixed with _________ and ________, it is rendered non-flammable. A) Freon and carbon monoxide B) Carbon dioxide and Frenon C) Nitrous and Carbon dioxide D) Frenon and CFC's D) Oils and powders - correct answerWhich of the following is dry heat sterilization used for? A) Cotton B) Metal instruments, power drills C) Lense instruments D) Oils and powders C) Glutaraldehyde - correct answerWhich disinfectant agent is not recommended for O.R. housekeeping? A) Iodine B) Alcohol (70%-90% isopropyl) C) Glutaraldehyde D) Chlorine compound solution A) 12lbs - correct answerWhich of the following is the correct maximum weight for a linen pack to autoclave? A) 12lbs B) 74lbs C) 72lbs D) 24lbs C) Type of sterilant - correct answerAll of the following are factors that affect the steam sterilization process except __________. A) Exposure B) Temperature C) Type of sterilant D) Pressure C) Cost - correct answerThe Material Safety Date Sheet on each chemical would typically include all but which of the following? A) Protective measures B) Exposure limits C) Cost D) Chemical name and common names C) A and B - correct answerOSHA regulates standards for the prevention of _______. A) HIV

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B) Hepatitis B virus C) A and B D) Sterilization B) Toxic substances - correct answerOSHA enforces the level of _________ permissible in the work environment. A) Sexual harassment B) Toxic substances C) Work day length D) Smoking B) Exposure limits - correct answerOSHA controls the ________ for Isopropyl alcohol, Phenol, and Sodium hypochlorite. A) Cost B) Exposure limits C) Disposal methods D) Shelf life A) Food may not be stored int he same refrigerator with blood or specimens - correct answerWhich of the following is standard for the control of biohazards? A) Food may not be stored in the same refrigerator with blood or specimens B) Hospital break rooms may not be to near a dumpster C) Smoking is not allowed in hospital facilities D) Biohazard labeling must be in a certain type of font C) A and B - correct answerOSHA limits the percentage of ethlyne oxide gas because ___________. A) EO gas can cause burns to the skin B) Of irritation to the mucous membranes C) A and B D) It damages equipment C) Fuel, heat, oxygen - correct answerThe components of a fire include _________. A) Heat and oxygen B) Fuel, and oxygen C) Fuel, heat, and oxygen D) Oxygen, fuel, and CO C) Extinguished - correct answerWith the removal of any one component, a fire will be _______. A) Fueled B) Diminished C) Extinguished D) Started

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C) Nylon D) Polyester D) Immediately stop using it - correct answerIf a piece of equipment becomes damages, you should __________. A) Announce it to the nurse B) Announce it to the doctor C) Put an "out of order" sign on it D) Immediately stop using it B) 2" - correct answerThe most explosive area in the O.R. is that within a ________ radius around the patient's face mast. A) 12" B) 2" C) 2 1/2" D) 3" A) Unlabeled bottle or container may be used if you recognize the fluid - correct answerAll but one of the following precautions should be followed when working with disinfectants except __________. A) An unlabeled bottle or container may be used if you recognize the fluid B) Never mix two disinfectants together C) Wear personal protective equipment D) Store in well ventilated rooms B) Frequently - correct answerHead covers, masks, and shoes, should be changed __________. A) Once a day B) Frequently C) Once a week D) Twice a day B) Throw your mask away and get a new one - correct answerAfter a case is over, you should __________. A) Keep your mask around your neck B) Throw your mask away and get a new one C) Keep your mask on until all cases are finished D) Put the mask in your pocket until all cases are finished A) Grounding - correct answerMaking an electrical connection with the earth is called __________. A) Grounding B) Insulating C) Conducting

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D) Electrocution B) Class B - correct answerTo which category to gasoline fires belong? A) Class A B) Class B C) Class B & C D) Class C B) Electric shock - correct answerSudden stimulation of nerves and convulsive contraction of the muscles caused by the discharge or electricity through the body is ________. A) Insulator B) Electric shock C) Electrocution D) Conductor C) Conductor - correct answerA medium that allows for the transmission of electricity is a(n) ___________. A) Electrocution B) Static electricity C) Conductor D) Grounding B) Anticoagulant - correct answerA drug that prolongs blood clotting time is called ___________. A) Coagulant B) Anticoagulant C) Diuretic D) Contrast medium B) Corticosteroids - correct answerA group of drugs that are used in surgery to reduce inflammation are __________. A) antibiotic B) Corticosteroids C) Diuretic D) Oxytocin B) Postoperative - correct answerAnalgesics are normally used in the __________ period. A) Preoperative B) Postoperative C) Convalescent D) Outpatient

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C) The anesthesiologist D) The perfusionist D) United States Pharmacopeia - correct answerA common source of information about drugs would be ____________. A) Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary B) Britannica Pharmacy Guide C) The Physician's Desk Restorative D) United States Pharmacopeia B) Vasodilator - correct answerA __________ dilates blood vessels. A) Vasospasmodic B) Vasodilator C) Vasoconstrictor D) Vasodeferens A) Nor epinephrine - correct answerA medication used to restore blood pressure in acute hypotensive states is ____________. A) Nor epinephrine B) Epinephrine C) Lidocaine D) No choices are correct D) Systemic - correct answerA drug that effects the whole body is referred to as _________. A) Strong B) Intravenous C) Parenteral D) Systemic B) Heparin - correct answer________ is used intravenously or as an irrigant and is the most common anticoagulant used. A) Protamine B) Heparin C) Thrombin D) Avetime B) Label each to prevent confusion - correct answerIf two or more syringes are of the same type, but contain different solutions, what is the appropriate action? A) Place the syringes on opposite ends of the back table B) Label each to prevent confusion C) Place a peanut (Kitner) inside of the syringes D) Place one syringe on the back table and place the other one on your mayo stand

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A) Hospital policy and procedure - correct answerDisposal of used needles is regulated according to _______. A) Hospital policy and procedure B) The circulator in the room C) The surgeon D) The anesthesiologist B) 1000 - correct answerOne (1) gram = _________ milligrams. A) 100 B) 1000 C) 10 D) 0. C) 2.2 - correct answerOne (1) kilogram = ________ pounds. A) 3. B) 4. C) 2. D) 6. A) Calcium chloride - correct answerThe medication that increases myocardial tone and opposes the effect of potassium is _________. A) Calcium chloride B) Sodium bicarbonate C) Dopamine D) Nitroprusside C) Epinephrine - correct answerA short-acting cardiac stimulant is ________. A) Protamine B) Lidocaine C) Epinephrine D) Dopamine A) Anesthetics - correct answerXylocaine, Novocaine, Ophthcaine and Pontocaine are examples of which of the following drugs? A) Anesthetics B) Antibiotics C) Mydriatics/cyclolegics D) Irrigants B) Vasoconstrictors - correct answerWhich of the following is used to prolong duration of local anesthetic and to decrease bleeding? A) Miotics B) Vasoconstrictors C) Antibiotics

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A) Steroids B) Antispasmodics C) Narcotics D) No answer is correct A) Antisepsis - correct answerThe prevention or inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms is called ___________. A) Antisepsis B) Cavitation C) Critical D) Cleaning C) Disinfection - correct answerThe process by which most but not all pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate objects are destroyed is called: A) Sterilization B) Sanitation C) Disinfection D) Cleaning B) Anesthesia equipment - correct answerCritical items in surgery are those that must be sterile. Which of the following does not fit that category? A) Surgical instruments B) Anesthesia equipment C) Implants D) Needles D) All answers are correct - correct answerWhich of the following ways are approved for decontamination or surgical supplies and equipment? A) Processing through a washer-sterilizer B) Autoclave C) Trisodium phosphate and water in a metal basin D) All answers are correct A) Aseptic technique - correct answerMethods and practices that prevent cross- contamination during surgery are called ____________. A) Aseptic technique B) Scrub work C) Common sense D) Surgery technique A) Strike-through contamination - correct answerWhen water comes in contact with a sterile surface __________ occurs. A) Strike-through contamination B) Cleanliness

SOLUTIONS GRADED A

C) Stains D) Moisture B) Use the prescribed drying method with a sterile towel - correct answerAfter the sterile scrub, the next procedure is to ________________. A) Don sterile gloves B) Use the prescribed drying method with a sterile towel C) Air dry the hands D) Dry the hands on the scrub gown C) Supplement the body's natural defenses with specific drugs such as antibiotics - correct answerFor Treatment of acute inflammation, one would ____________. A) Rest the inflamed part B) Open drainage to allow bacteria to escape and relieve tension and swelling of inflamed part C) Supplement the body's natural defenses with specific drugs such as antibiotics D) All answers are correct C) Phagocytosis - correct answerThe process of protecting the body from infection through digesting bacteria is known as _____________. A) mononucleosis B) Leukocytosis C) Phagocytosis D) Thrombocytosis A) Only at table height - correct answerSterile tables are considered sterile ______________. A) Only at table height B) At the full length and height that is draped C) So that suture ends may freely trail D) After drapes are repositioned D) B and C - correct answerMovement is kept to a minimum during surgery because ______________. A) It annoys the circulator B) Dust can carry pathogens C) Turbulence may move bacteria into the sterile area D) B and C A) Bacteria - correct answerSpores, capsules, and falgella are part of __________. A) Bacteria B) Aseptic environment C) Cells D) Virus

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C) Lower than D) 10* different from A) Noscomial - correct answerAn infection acquired in the hospital is called _______________. A) Noscomial B) Virulent C) Viral D) Bacterial B) Staphylococcus aureus - correct answerThe pathogen that causes most post- operative infections is ____________. A) Streptococcus B) Staphylococcus aureus C) Bordetella pertussis D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa B) Block - correct answerInterferons ___________ the effect of the virus. A) Kill B) Block C) Increase D) Decrease A) Desiccation - correct answerThe process of drying or to cause tissue destruction by drying is _______________. A) Desiccation B) Dehydration C) Fiberoptic D) Cauterization D) Escherichia coli - correct answerGastroenteritis is caused by _________________. A) Shingella B) Enterobacterium C) Isospora bacterium D) Escherichia coli B) Bordetella pertussis - correct answerWhooping cough is caused by ______________. A) Salmonella typhi B) Bordetella pertussis C) Shingella D) Pseudomonas

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D) Endotoxin - correct answerA bacterial by-product that is released after the organism has died is called a(n) _______________. A) Capsule B) Spore C) Exotoxin D) Endotoxin D) Viscerotrophic - correct answerViral hepatitis is a common _____________ virus. A) Dermotropic B) Penumotropic C) Neurotropic D) Viscerotrophic B) Mixed - correct answerAn infection caused by more than one organism is referred to as ____________. A) Primary B) Mixed C) Secondary D) Latent C) Saliva - correct answerRabies is a disease transmitted primarily through ____________. A) Feces B) Urine C) Saliva D) Respiratory secretions C) Blood - correct answerSerum hepatitis is transmitted through _____________. A) Urine B) Feces C) Blood D) Saliva C) Anterior - correct answerWhich directional word refers to the front of the body or body parts? A) Posterior B) Dorsal C) Anterior D) Prone B) Superior - correct answerWhich positional word conveys the idea of being above or over another region? A) Inferior B) Superior

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B) Mouth and rectum - correct answerWhich are the extreme starting and ending points of the digestive system? A) Mouth and intestine B) Mouth and rectum C) Sigmoid colon and esophagus D) Duodenum and throat B) Between - correct answerThe humerus is ___________ the clavicle and the wrist. A) Above B) Between C) Below D) Under B) Endocrine - correct answerThe pituitary, adrenal, thyroid and other ductless glands are all components of the ____________ system. A) Integumentary B) Endocrine C) Urinary D) Respiratory A) Cilia - correct answerTiny hair-like organelles within the respiratory region are called ______________. A) Cilia B) Sacs C) Bronchi D) Capillaries A) Four - correct answerHow many pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium? A) Four B) Two C) One D) Three D) Right atrium and the right ventricle - correct answerThe tricuspid valve is located between the ___________. A) Left atrium and the right atrium B) Left atrium and the left ventricle C) Left ventricle and the aorta D) Right atrium and the right ventricle B) 126 - correct answerThe appendicular skeleton is composed of how many bones? A) 123

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B) 126

C) 136

D) 146

A) It is a soft sponge like material - correct answerWhich one of the following statements is true concerning the characteristics of bone marrow? A) It is a soft sponge like material B) It is a hard compact material C) It is found covering bones D) It manufactures glucose A) Marrow - correct answerThe deepest anatomical part of the bone is the ___________. A) Marrow B) Cartilage C) Periosteum D) Articular surface C) Above - correct answerThoracic vertebrae is ____________ the lumbar vertebrae. A) Below B) Beside C) Above D) Within B) Minute - correct answerNormal respirations occur approximately 12-20 times per _____________. A) Second B) Minute C) Hour D) Day A) Head - correct answerThe sphenoid, ethmoid, and parietal bones are located in the ___________. A) Head B) Chest C) Mouth D) Neck C) Filters - correct answerLymph nodes serve as ____________. A) Aarbohydrate synthesizers B) Fuel producers C) Filters D) Protein synthesizers