NCE Exam: Lifestyle and Career Development Questions And Answers, Exams of Career Counseling

Download NCE Exam: Lifestyle and Career Development Questions And Answers and more Exams Career Counseling in PDF only on Docsity!

Development Questions And Answers

Over ___% of marriages are dual-earner marriages. - correct answer 54 (Around 60% when looking at marriages with children. In 1950, it was 20.4%.) Studies suggest how many workers snare a job based on chance factors? - correct answer 1 in 5 What ____% of all college students have career difficulties? - correct answer 50 (of all college students) What are 're-entry women'? - correct answer Women who have made the transition from homemaker to jobs outside the home. Displaced homemaker - correct answer A woman with children who was a homemaker but is currently in need of work to support her family. What is meant by the term 'glass ceiling'? - correct answer Suggests women are limited in terms of how far they can advance in the workforce; is a form of

Development Questions And Answers

occupational gender role stereotyping that can limit a woman's careers. Women now compromise _____% of the workforce; approximately ____ ______ workers. - correct answer 46%, 69 million John O. Crites - correct answer Feels the need for career counseling exceeds the need for therapy. Victor Vroom's Motivation and Management Expectancy Theory - correct answer suggests employee performance is influenced by: valance (rewards such as money, promotion, or satisfaction), expectancy (what am I capable of doing?), and instrumentality (will management come through with promised rewards?) Vocational guidance - correct answer A developmental and educational process within a school system. Career counseling - correct answer A therapeutic service for adults with

Development Questions And Answers

occupational goals that is performed outside the educational setting. A Bachelor's degree - correct answer on average, this boosts yearly income by $10,000 over that of worker with a high school diploma. ____% of workers have a high school diploma. - correct answer 75% "Changing View of Work" - correct answer indicates that in the past, work was seen as drudgery, while today it is viewed as a vehicle to express our identity, self-esteem, and status. Which ethnic group has the highest % of Bachelor's degrees? - correct answer Asians followed by Caucasians, African Americans, and Hispanics Leisure time - correct answer is time away from work where the individual has freedom to choice what he/she would like to do.

Development Questions And Answers

Career is sometimes defined as - correct answer the total work one does in a lifetime plus leisure. Avocation - correct answer A leisure activity one engages in for pleasure rather than money. Dual-career families - correct answer have less leisure time than single-career families. (Note the up-and-coming specialty, "leisure counseling") Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - correct answer states women should have equal work opportunities and equal job pay. 80% Four-fifths Rule - correct answer Used to determine discrimination selection processes. The hiring rate for minorities is divided by the hiring rate for non-minorities, and the result must be 80% or greater. Adverse impact - correct answer occurs if the quotient from the Four-fifths Rule is less than 80%.

Development Questions And Answers

Differential validity - correct answer a test is valid for one group, but less or totally invalid for another Trait-and-factor theory - correct answer Assumes through testing, one's personality can be matched to an occupation geared toward those traits. -Considered 1st major and most durable theory of career choice. (Computer-based career programs often adhere to this model.) Profile matching - correct answer A job candidate's personality or skills are matched to that of successful workers. Elementary school counselors - correct answer The only organized profession to work with individuals from a preventative and developmental viewpoint. Trait-and-factor model - correct answer Matches worker and work environment (job factors), and has the viewpoint there is one 'best'

Development Questions And Answers

career for a person. (Also known as actuarial or matching approach. Classified as structural or grounded in 'differential psychology' (i.e., study of individual differences). Edmund Griffith Williamson - correct answer Chief spokesperson for Minnesota Viewpoint, a group that expanded upon Parson's model of career counseling, and which transcended vocational issues. Purportedly used the Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales. What population are the most popular career theories based on? - correct answer Middle-class or upper middle-class white males who are heterosexual and not disabled. Parsons, Williamson, and Patterson - correct answer Three big names in trait-and-factor theory. Assumed a person's traits can be measured so accurately that the choice of occupation need only be a one-time process. Actuarial approach (also trait-and-factor model) - correct answer Asserts testing is an important part of the

Development Questions And Answers

process, and a counselor can match the person with the appropriate job. Fails to take into account an individual's changes through their lifespan. Parson's 3 steps to implement trait-and-factor model - correct answer Knowledge of self, aptitudes, and interests Knowledge of jobs, including advantages/disadvantages Matching the individual with the work "Choosing a Vocation" - correct answer Landmark book written by Frank Parsons in 1909. Frank Parsons - correct answer The Father of vocational guidance. Developmental approaches (to career counseling) - correct answer delineate stages or specify vocational choice in terms of a process which can change throughout the lifespan. Anne Roe - correct answer suggested a personality approach to

Development Questions And Answers

career based on the premise that a job satisfied an unconscious need. Proposed needs which are satisfied don't become unconscious motivators Higher order needs disappear even if rarely satisfied but lower order needs (i.e., safety) will be the major concern and needs satisfied after a long delay become unconscious motivators First career specialist to utilize a 2 dimensional system of occupational classification by looking at fields and levels.

correct answer Anne Roe Roe's 8 occupational fields - correct answer service business contract organizations technology outdoor science general culture arts/entertainment

Development Questions And Answers

Roe's 6 levels of occupational skill - correct answer professional and managerial 1 professional and managerial 2 semiprofessional/small business skilled semiskilled unskilled Roe's 3 basic parenting styles - correct answer Overprotective Avoidant Acceptant Depending on which, the child will develop a personality which gravitates toward or away from people. Roe's theory is similar to Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in what way? - correct answer Lower order needs take precedence over higher order needs. Roe's theory is supported somewhat by which assessments? - correct answer Rorschach and the TAT.

Development Questions And Answers

(Memory device: Roe begins with R, Rorschach begins with R, TAT is also subjective test) In terms of genetics, Roe's theory asserts - correct answer genetics help determine intelligence and education, therefore influencing career choice. Career choice is influenced by genetics, parent-child interaction, unconscious motivators, current needs, personal interests, education, and intelligence. Job - correct answer A given position or similar positions within an organization. (most specific) Occupation - correct answer Similar jobs occupied via different people in different settings. (broader than job) Career - correct answer A person's lifetime positions plus leisure. (broadest category) Edwin Bordin - correct answer Analyzed career choice using the unconscious mind.

Development Questions And Answers

A.A. Brill - correct answer Emphasized sublimation as an ego- defense mechanism in career counseling. John Holland - correct answer His work is today's most popular career choice approach. Developed Self-Directed Search (SDS) instrument to measure 6 personality types Holland's 4 assumptions - correct answer -6 basic personality types -most work environments correspond to 6 personality types -people search out an agreeable environment -the individual's behavior is determined by interaction of personality and environment Holland's 6 personality types - correct answer Artistic Social Realistic Investigative Conventional

Development Questions And Answers

Enterprising (memory device, "AS RICE") Roe, Brill, and Holland - correct answer Classified as personality (or structural) theorists. Holland's 'social' type - correct answer People who prefer to solve problems using interpersonal skills and feelings. Holland's 'enterprising' type - correct answer People who like to sell to others or perform leadership tasks (i.e., Vice Prez of USA) A client who wishes to work on an assembly line would fit into Holland's _____ typology? - correct answer Realistic Holland's 'investigative' type - correct answer People who like to think their way through a problem. (i.e., scientist, engineer, mathematician, philosopher)

Development Questions And Answers

Holland's 'artistic' type - correct answer People who tend to shun conformity as well as structure; emphasis on self-expression. A bookkeeper or clerical worker would primarily fit into Holland's ______ typology? - correct answer Conventional Holland's 'conventional' type - correct answer People who value conformity, structure, rules, and feel comfortable in a subordinate role. (i.e., statisticians, bank clerks) [Memory device: Conventional & Conformity both begin with C] Holland's theory of career development is a _________- based approach of ____ _____. - correct answer Personality, career choice Holland believed that most people are not pure personality types and thus can be described by a distribution of types such as Realistic, Social, Investigative (RSI). - correct answer ...

Development Questions And Answers

Which model is the Strong Interest Inventory based upon?

correct answer John Holland's Holland believed a given occupation will tend to attract ____ with ________ _____________. - correct answer Persons with similar personalities Holland and Roe agree that early childhood development influences _____ _______ _________. - correct answer Adult personality characteristics Hoppock's theory is based on the work of ______ and is a personality approach like Holland's. - correct answer Henry Murray - created the "needs-press" theory and the TAT projective test. ___________ ______ ______ view career choice as an ongoing or longitudinal process rather than a single decision made at one point in time. - correct answer Developmental career theorists (pioneers were Ginzberg, Ginsberg, Axelrad, and Herma) Until _____, the trait-and-factor model of career counseling was king. - correct answer 1950

Development Questions And Answers

Ginzberg and colleagues now believe development of career choice is three things: - correct answer -process continues through life span -career choice decisions continue through life span -career choice is irreversible Ginzberg and associates identified three stages of career development: - correct answer -fantasy (birth to age 11) -tentative (11 to 17) realistic (age 17 to early 20s) Ginzberg, Ginsberg, Axelrad, and Herma - correct answer Developmental career theorists Believed career choice is irreversible and the result of compromises between wishes and realistic possibilities. Most popular developmental career theorists - correct answer Donald Super Super emphasizes ___ ___________. - correct answer the self-concept

Development Questions And Answers

(i.e., individual chooses career which allows self-concept to be expressed) (Memory: Super and Self begin with S) Donald Super's 5 stages of career development - correct answer Growth (birth to age 14) Exploration (15-24) Establishment (24-44) Maintenance (44-64) Decline (65+) (memory: GEE MD) Developmental career theories (like Super's) emphasize __________ career-related behavior. - correct answer longitudinal Super's theory includes - correct answer the life-career rainbow Comprised or roles a person plays in all areas of life:parent, homemaker, worker, citizen, leisurite, student, child.

Development Questions And Answers

John Crites - correct answer Researched the phenomenon of "career maturity" or "vocational maturity" Schlossberg's 5 factors of career development - correct answer Behavior as adult primarily due to social factors Behavior a function of one's life stage or age at other times Gender differences more powerful than age or stage difference Adults continually experience transitions requiring adaptation Identity, intimacy, and generativity are recurring themes in adulthood David Tiedeman and Robert O'Hara - correct answer Developed a decision-making theory of 2 parts: anticipation and implementation/adjustment. Anticipation phase - person imagines self in given career Implementation/Adjustment phase - person engages in reality testing his expectations

Development Questions And Answers

Decision-making theories contend that ______. - correct answer individuals have the power to choose from various career options. John Krumboltz - correct answer Developed social learning approach to career choice based on work of behaviorist Albert Bandura. Believed career decision-making is a skill that can be LEARNED. (Memory: K for Krumboltz before L in LEARN) Nathan Azrin - correct answer Behaviorist who created "job club" in the 70s to help veterans gain employment. Leading pioneer in running a behavior modification token economy) Decision-making theory - correct answer Asserts, "Although occupational choice is ongoing, there are times when key decisions must be made." Gelatt Decision Model - correct answer Predictive system - concerned with probably alternatives, actions, and possibilities

Development Questions And Answers

Value system - concerned with relative preferences regarding outcomes Decision system - provides rules and criteria for evaluating outcome Linda Gottfredson's career development theory - correct answer focuses on circumscription and compromise Leading method of finding job info in the US is ______. - correct answer newspaper classifieds Another term for finding a job on the internet` - correct answer job-netting Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH) - correct answer good for job trends, easiest to read/understand, contains approx. 800 job descriptions, first published in 1946, still used by 9 out of 10 high schools Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) - correct answer first published in 1939 by Dept. of Labor, approx. 30,000 job titles, replaced by O NET

Development Questions And Answers

In the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT), each job is given a ____ digit code. - correct answer 9 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) manual - correct answer Classifies business by the type of activity they engage in (i.e, service or product) (memory: working in industry won't make you sic) Underemployment - correct answer Working in a position below skill level. 3 fastest growing occupations (2008) - correct answer computer support specialist, systems analyst, database admin Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE) - correct answer published by Dept. of Labor, groups jobs in 14 interest areas to help job seekers research job interests Self-efficacy career theory is based on the work of - correct answer Behaviorist Albert Bandura

Development Questions And Answers

Believed in chance factors influencing career, or that one's expectation/belief of success in an occupation caused them to gravitate toward a field. SIGI Plus, Choices, and Discover are - correct answer Computer Assisted Career Guidance Systrems (CACG) or Computer-based Career Information Systems (CBCIS) Contrast effect - correct answer The contrast between an individual and others affecting job interviews, performance, etc. Compensatory effect - correct answer Compensating outside of work for things not allowed on the job (i.e., librarian being quiet all day then getting loud/crazy at night) Spillover effect - correct answer Work spilling over into a person's leisure time. American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA) - correct answer Prior name for the American Counseling Association (ACA)

Development Questions And Answers

Lifestyle - correct answer A broad term describing the overall balance of work, leisure, family, and social activities. Strong Interest Inventory (SCII) - correct answer based on John Holland's theory, measures INTERESTS, not activities Assumes person interesting in a given subject will get satisfaction from working in an occupation with others who have similar interests Self-Directed Search (SDS) - correct answer Based on Holland's work, self- administered, self-scored, self-interpreted to match Holland's 6 types, suitable ages 15+, not recommended for uneducated, illiterate, etc. Sedentary job requirement - correct answer max lifting of 10 pounds Light work requirement - correct answer max lifting of 20 pounds Medium work requirement - correct answer max lifting of 50 pounds

Development Questions And Answers

Heavy work requirement - correct answer max lifting of 100 pounds Very heavy work requirement - correct answer max lifting of over 100 pounds Hidden job market - correct answer suggests most jobs are not advertised. (Approx. 76% are not.) You walk into a seminar on career counseling and note the instructor is drawing a hexagon on the blackboard. The instructor is most likely discussing - correct answer John Holland Kuder Occupational Interest Survey (KOIS) - correct answer Now the Kuder Career Search with Person Match for online completion; written at 6th grade reading level, effective 7th grade - adulthood. General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) - correct answer used by state employment security offices, VA hospitals, and related gov agencies; measures 12 job related aptitudes

Development Questions And Answers

Occupational aptitude tests like the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) and the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Test (ASVAB) grew out of the _____. - correct answer trait-and-factor movement related to career counseling Primary purpose of an aptitude test - correct answer to predict future performance An aptitude test does not imply that you are adept at the skill at the present moment, it merely speculates about whether or not you could capture these skills with proper training and experience. - correct answer ... Aptitude tests attempt to _______ potential. - correct answer Measure The concept of "occupational sex segregation" suggests that - correct answer female occupations generally pay less and lack the status of male occupations. A counselor advises a female to steer clear of police work as he feels this is a male occupation. This is an example

Development Questions And Answers

of - correct answer counselor bias based on gender bias Research suggests a woman who has the same intelligence, skills, and potential as a man will often - correct answer have lower career aspirations than a man. Dislocated worker - correct answer an individual who lost his job because a company downsized or relocated. Midlife career change - correct answer takes place generally between 35-45 System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI) - correct answer career self-assessment aimed at college students The concept of job clubs as promoted by Azrin and his colleages is ______. - correct answer behavioristic Hoppock - correct answer believed accurate career decisions are