Counseling Techniques and Ethics: A Study Guide, Exams of Nursing

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NCE Form B Questions and Answers 2024

The concept of a free appropriate public education (FAPE) is associated with a. Section 504 b. FERPA c. HIPAA d. IDEA Correct Answer: d. IDEA Acculturation level is LEAST influenced by a. disability status b. number of years in the new country c. country of origin d. age at beginning of acculturation process Correct Answer: a. disability status Which part of the brain is least developed at birth? a. Hindbrian b. Midbrain c. Forebrain d. Thalamus Correct Answer: c. Forebrain The _____________ was passed in response to the U.S.S.R.'s launch of Sputnik and sought to increase the number of trained counselors in secondary schools to raise the number of students enrolled in higher education that were pursuing math and science careers. a. Wagner-Peyser Act of 1993 b. National Defense Education Act (NDEA) c. Vocational Education Act of 1963 d. Smith-Hughes National Vocational Education Act Correct Answer: b. National Defense Education Act (NDEA) Wellness is a. the absence of illness b. a state of complete well-being---physical, cognitive, and psychological c. easily achieved d. all of above Correct Answer: b. a state of complete well-being---physical, cognitive, and psychological __________________ is the name of the ACA division dedicated to group work. a. American Group Psychotherapy Association b. Association for Specialist in Group Work c. National Group Work Association

d. American Society fo Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama Correct Answer: b. Association for Specialist in Group Work This 19th century pioneer is credited with recognizing that mental retardation was related to developmental deficiencies rather than mental illness. a. Edouard Seguin b. Charles Spearman c. Jean Esquirol d. Arthur Otis Correct Answer: c. Jean Esquirol The _______________ design requires random assignment. a. singe-subject b. true experimental c. quasi-experimental d. ex post facto Correct Answer: b. true experimental Parents of a minor client demand to be informed by the counselor about what the client is talking about during counseling sessions. In this situation, the first thing the counselor should do is a. inform the parents about what is discussed in the sessions because the parents hold legal right to know b. tell the parents that the sessions are confidential and that their child holds the sole right to that confidentiality c. explain the importance of confidentiality to the parents, and if they still insist, try to seek release from the child before disclosing any information to the parents d. describe to the parents how the counseling relationship will suffer if confidentiality with the child is breached. Correct Answer: c. explain the importance of confidentiality to the parents, and if they still insist, try to seek release from the child before disclosing any information to the parents A person's genetics and biology make top a person's a. culture b. acculturation level c. race d. gender role Correct Answer: c. race A teacher provides positive reinforcement every two times Katherine waits until she is called on to answer a question. What type of reinforcement schedule is the teacher using? a. Fixed ratio b. Variable ratio c. Fixed interval d. Variable interval Correct Answer: a. Fixed ratio Which of the following is TRUE concerning the ethical use of career technology?

a. Career counselors do not have to inform clients of limitations related to maintaining confidentiality when using career technology. b. When using career technology, it is the client's responsibility to ensure reasonable access to computer applications. c. Career counselors do no have to certify their client's identity when using career technology as doing so would result in violating confidentiality. d. Career technology can be used to provide career information, vocational assessments, integrative career services, and databases of job openings. Correct Answer: d. Career technology can be used to provide career information, vocational assessments, integrative career services, and databases of job openings. Positive client outcomes can be best predicted by a. the counselor's theoretical orientation b. the quality of the therapeutic alliance c. the techniques used to help the client d. the level of client resistance Correct Answer: b. the quality of the therapeutic alliance ________________ may be an advantage of group work, rather than a challenge. a. Pressure to conform b. Breaking confidentiality c. Power of the peer group d. Reality distortion Correct Answer: c. Power of the peer group According to the ACA and NBCC ethical guidelines related to testing and assessment, professional counselors a. are obligated to inform clients of the intended purpose of the assessment results only when the results will be released to a third part. b. do not need client consent to release test results when the results do not include any identifying client information. c. should use only assessment instruments in which they are expert. d. do not need to consider the multicultural limitations of the selected instrument when assessing a Caucasian male client. Correct Answer: b. do not need client consent to release test results when the results do not include any identifying client information. A professional counselor tested a hunch that government counselors older than 60 years are far happier in their positions than their counterparts in private practice. The researcher interviewed 100 older workers from both occupations and found that indeed government counselors were happier than those in private practice in their later years. What additional information might indicate a history threat to internal validity? a. The government counselors had recently received a raise. b. The private practice counselors were from one geographic region. c. Several of the participants did not speak English as their first language. d. The survey was too long. Correct Answer: a. The government counselors had recently received a raise.

To become a National Certified Counselor (NCC), individuals must have a. passed NCE b. achieved an advanced degree in counseling c. met all requirements for supervised experience d. all of the above Correct Answer: d. all of the above According to Albert Bandura, each of the following is a characteristic of an effective model EXCEPT, a. perceived as competent b. warm and friendly c. have demographic characteristics that are unlike the observer's d. perceived as having a high status Correct Answer: c. have demographic characteristics that are unlike the observer's The __________________ prohibits employers from discriminating against a qualified individual who has a mental physical disability a. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 b. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 c. Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 d. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 Correct Answer: a. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 _________________ is NOT one fo the five factors in the Five Factor model. a. Neuroticism b. Consideration c. Agreeableness d. Extraversion Correct Answer: b. Consideration ASGW Best Practice Guidelines recommend that leaders do all fo the following EXCEPT a. conduct ecological assessments b. create groups that meet community needs c. put in writing the purpose and goals of any group they are running d. choose a leadership style and use it consistently with all groups Correct Answer: d. choose a leadership style and use it consistently with all groups ___________________ assessments are often used to determine admission into graduate education programs. a. Achievement b. Inteliigence c. Aptitude d. Personality Correct Answer: c. Aptitude

A sampling technique in which participants have an equal chance of being selected for a particular intervention group is referred to as a. random assignment b. random selection c. random probability d. random purposeful Correct Answer: a. random assignment Advocacy counseling may involve a. educating the public about the counseling profession b. intervening with organizations that have unethical or unfair policies c. working on behalf of clients to help them overcome barriers to their growth d. all of the above Correct Answer: d. all of the above Maria works as a crisis counselor for a local agency. Although she enjoys her job, she finds herself worrying about clients after work hours and is often tempted to check in on her clients over the weekend. Maria is experiencing a. role spillover b. role congruence c. role conflict d. role overload Correct Answer: a. role spillover An appropriate time to terminate the counseling relationship is when a. the client is resistant b. the client does not improve after treatment c. the client progress too slowly d. all of the above Correct Answer: b. the client does not improve after treatment A _______________ group is most commonly found in schools a. task b. psychoeducational c. growth d. counseling Correct Answer: bl psychoeducational The Joint Committee on Testing Practices published a. Rights and Responsibilities of Test Takers b. Test User Qualifications c. Fair Code of Testing Practice in Education d. All of the above Correct Answer: d. All of the above Dan has collected qualitative data on students' attitudes toward substance abuse. After he completes an analysis of each student, he presents some the key themes with quotes for participant on a single page. What data management tool has he most likely used?

a. Case display b. Document summary form c. Contact summary sheet d. Codebook Correct Answer: c. Contact summary sheet The first thing a counselor should do when administering psychological first aid is a. connect individuals with family and friends b. connect individuals with helpful community services c. help individuals meet their primary needs d. build rapport Correct Answer: c. help individuals meet their primary needs "It seems like you are having trouble in your current relationship because you haven't fully moved on from your past relationship." This is an example of a. an interpretation b. a confrontation c. a self-disclosure d. giving feedback Correct Answer: a. an interpretation When presented with a gift form a client, the counselor should a. refuse to accept the gift under any circumstances b. consider the possible impact on the counseling relationship before accepting or refusing the gift c. only accept the gift if it is of small monetary value d. accept the gift to avoid offending the client Correct Answer: b. consider the possible impact on the counseling relationship before accepting or refusing the gift In psychoanalysis, transference is a. ignored b. encouraged c. discouraged d. a sign of pathology Correct Answer: b. encouraged _______________ and _______________ values are the primary values the affect an individual's occupational decision. a. Work; cultural b. Lifestyle; work c. Cultural; family d. Family; work Correct Answer: a. Work; cultural A client informs her counselor that she had been diagnosed with HIV and does not plan on telling her significant other, even though they are engaging in unprotected sex. The counselor a. is ethically obligated to keep the information confidential

b. is ethically obligated to warn the client's significant other because the client is posing a serious threat to that person c. is ethically justified in telling, but is not obligated to tell the client's significant other d. is legally required to warn the client's significant other Correct Answer: c. is ethically justified in telling, but is not obligated to tell the client's significant other _______________ is NOT a common psychoanalytic technique. a. Interpretation b. Dream analysis c. Unbalancing c. Free association Correct Answer: c. Unbalancing Validity can be reported as a(n) a. regression equation b. internal consistency coefficient c. fraction d. standard error of measurement Correct Answer: a. regression equation A counselor decides to use a technique with some of her clients that is not based in theory and does not have any scientific support. In this situation, the counselor should _____________ to uphold ethical standards. a. discuss any possible risks with her clients b. label the technique as unproven c. label the technique as developing d. All of the above Correct Answer: d. All of the above The Neo-Freudian approach known as _________________ contends that, under any certain circumstances, the ego is able to function autonomously without being influenced by the id or superego. a. object relations theory b. self-psychology c. interpersonal psychoanalysis d. ego psychology Correct Answer: d. ego psychology Having benefits, prestige, and a general belief that one's group is superior is termed, a. racism b. privilege c. ethnocentrism d. cultural encapsulation Correct Answer: b. privilege A counselor who has a a Ph.D in education refers to himself as Dr. Julian Lewis in advertisements for his counseling practice. The counselor in this situation is a. acting ethically; it is true that he has earned a Ph.D

b. acting unethically; the Ph.D is not in counseling or a related field c. acting ethically; counselors may represent themselves however they wish in advertisement d. acting unethically; counselors should never advertise their services Correct Answer: b. acting unethically; the Ph.D is not in counseling or a related field The ____________ phase of culture shock includes feelings of belonging to multiple cultures. a. adaptation or resolution b. crisis or disintegration c. honeymoon d. reorientation and reintegration Correct Answer: a. adaption or resolution A mother pours each of her two children a cup of chocolate milk. Although each cup holds the same amount of liquid, one is taller and skinner. The child who does not receive the tall, skinny glass starts crying because she is convinced that her brother received more chocolate milk than she did. Which cognitive development concept does this child have trouble understanding? a. Reversibility b. Centration c. Conservation d. Classification Correct Answer: c. Conservation Unlike a lot of other career theories, the theory of work adjustment a. is concerned with actual performance on the job b. considers the impact of gender and social class on career choice c. exerts that early relationships play an important role in an individual's career development d. focuses on the career decision-making process Correct Answer: a. is concerned with actual performance on the job The Alderian technique known as ___________________ helps clients understand the paying attention to positive thoughts, actions, memories, and feelings, rather than negative ones, is within their control a. catching themselves b. spitting in the client's soup c. acting "as if" d. pushbutton Correct Answer: d. pushbutton Members in a(n) __________________ group normally have a DSM diagnosis. a. encounter b. counseling c. psychotherapy d. psychoanalysis Correct Answer: c. psychotherapy Valid test scores are a. always reliable

b. never reliable c. not credible d. none of the above Correct Answer: a. always reliable How would you describe a relationship between a sample of counselors' beginning and current salaries if the correlation coefficient was r=.88, p< .01? a. There is a significant positive relationship between beginning and current salaries. b. There has been an increase in salaries for all the participants. c. The distribution of each variable is platykurtic. d. There is a 1% chance of a relationship between beginning and current salaries. Correct Answer: a. There is a significant positive relationship between beginning and current salaries. A counselor decides to use an old depression assessment with his clients. The assessment has had two substantial revisions since the version he wants to use was published, but the counselor does not want to spend money to purchase the newest version when he still has so many copies of the older one. In this situation, the counselor is acting a. ethically as long as he gains the clients' consent b. ethically as long as he purchases the new version when he runs out of the old one c. unethically because the test is outdated for the assessment of depression d. none of the above Correct Answer: c. unethically because the test is outdated for the assessment of depression Peer mediation is typically used a. in schools b. at Alcoholics Anonymous meetings c. when counseling divorcees d. when counseling the incarcerated Correct Answer: a. in schools The _____________ technique for improving memory involves guided visual imagery. a. eidetic images b. chunking c. method of loci d. all fo the above Correct Answer: c. method of loci According to Holland's theory of types, congruence refers to a. the degree of similarity between the six different Holland types b. the relationship between an individual's personality and the work environment c. the level of distinctiveness between each of the six Holland types d. an individual's ability to match his or her interests with work environment characteristics Correct Answer: b. the relationship between an individual's personality and the work environment According to Jung, complexes

a. form around a archetype b. represent problems that must be worked through c. are repressed desires, thoughts, or impulses that combine I the unconscious d. all of the above Correct Answer: d. all of the above A task group is run by a leader who has expertise in the task to be accomplished. The group members have little to no experience with the task at hand. In addition, the group has very little time to complete the task. What leadership style would make the most sense in this situation? a. Authoritarian b. Democratic c. Laissez-faire d. Delegate Correct Answer: a. Authoritarian When using split-half reliability, a test developer must use the ___________________ to ensure that test length does not affect the accuracy of the reliability estimate. a. Kuder-Richardson formula 20 (KR-20) b. Spearman-Brown prophecy formula c. Cronbach's coefficient alpha d. standard error of measurement Correct Answer: b. Spearman-Brown prophecy formula A research design with at least one independent variable wit three or more levels in referred to as a(n) a. ANOVA b. MANCOVA c. chi-square statistic d. regression Correct Answer: a. ANOVA A counselor who does not believe in abortion gains a client who is considering having one and is seeking the counselor's support. The counselor feels exceedingly uncomfortable. She should a. seek consolation with a supervisor while working with this client b. refer client to another counselor c. disclose her views to the client and give the client the option of seeking counseling elsewhere d. contact an ethics committee for advice Correct Answer: b. refer client to another counselor A person who takes turn in a conversation is using a. semantics b. pragmatics c. syntax d. phonology Correct Answer: b. pragmatics Dan has spent the past 30 years working full time for a manufacturing company. He recently decided to focus on his leisure activities and took a part-time position within the company. Dan is in the ______________ stage of Super's lifespan, life-space career theory.

a. maintenance b. disengagement c. growth d. exploration Correct Answer: b. disengagement _______________ represents a decision-making function in Jung's personality typology. a. Intuition b. Feeling c. Sensation d. Extraversion Correct Answer: b. Feeling Group leaders may us the ________________ technique when they want to hear every group member's thoughts on a given topic or issue. a. paring b. making the rounds c. linking d. drawing out Correct Answer: b. making rounds When calculating the item discrimination for a test time on an achievement test, the test developer will want a. more lower-performing members to answer the questions correctly than higher-performing Borup members b. a positive item discrimination c. a zero item discrimination d. a negative item discrimination Correct Answer: b. a positive item discrimination Which of the following research paradigms is least appropriate for qualitative research? a. Positivism b. Post-positivism c. Critical d. Constructivism Correct Answer: a. Positivism A counselor educator teaching a group counseling class makes student self-disclosure an integral part of the class. This decision is a. unethical under any circumstances b. unethical unless the counselor educator engages in self-disclosure, too c. ethical as long as the counselor educator does not grade the students o their self-disclosures d. ethical, and the students may be graded on their self-disclosures; it was the students' choice to enter into a program that considers self-disclosure an important part of the learning process. Correct Answer: c. ethical as long as the counselor educator does not grade the students o their self-disclosures Transitions that create significant disruption and cause one to develop new methods of dealing with a career issues are referred to as a

a. crisis b. chronic hassle c. occupational stress d. career adaptation Correct Answer: a. crisis ___________________ is a technique that involves comparing a client's dream to myth, literature, and folklore to help unearth possible meanings of the dream. a. Active imagination b. Explication c. Amplification d. Free association Correct Answer: c. Amplification Which of the following behaviors may indicate resistance in a group member? a. Trying to solve the members' problems b. Dominating group discussions c. Missing group sessions d. All of the above Correct Answer: d. all of the above Which of the following is a measurement occurring on a ratio scale? a. 32 degrees Fahrenheit b. 135 pounds c. The score from an inventory that measure career attitudes d. Marital status Correct Answer: b. 135 pounds A professional counselor has developed a survey and, before distributing it to an entire agency, wants to ensure the survey has no major problems. Administering the survey to 15 individuals first is an example of which type of research? a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Cross-sectional d. Pilot Correct Answer: d. Pilot A counselor recommends that a client who has trouble sleeping at night remove her TV, desk, and computer from her bedroom; thus, the client must engaged in all non sleeping activities in other areas of her house. This behavioral technique is called a. environmental planning b. overcorrection c. maintenance d. shaping Correct Answer: a. environmental planning "My boss promoted me, but it's probably just because he likes me, not because I actually deserve it." This is an example of what type of distorted thinking?

a. Labeling b. Discounting c. Selective abstraction d. Dichotomous thinking Correct Answer: b. Discounting Using deception as part of a research study is acceptable if a. the researcher gains informed consent from all participants b. the study has educational value and the deception is unavoidable c. the deception is never revealed to the clients d. the researchers are conducting a study on an area that has never been studied before Correct Answer: b. the study has educational value and the deception is unavoidable Rational emotive behavior therapy was originally called a. rational behavior therapy b. emotive behavior therapy c. rational-emotive therapy d. None of the above; it has always been called rational emotive behavior therapy Correct Answer: c. rational-emotive therapy Mitchell has to declare his major by the end of the semester. He disclosed to his academic advisor that he feels very pressured and does not believe that one semester is enough time to search and evaluate career alternatives. Which one of the coping patterns presented by Janis and Mann is Mithchell most likely to use given his situation? a. Unconflicted change b. Defensive avoidance c. Unconflicted change d. Hypervigilance Correct Answer: d. Hypervigilance Laws overrule ethics a. in all circumstances b. in most circumstances c. in certain states d. never Correct Answer: a. in all circumstances Homework assignments play an important role in all of the following theories EXCEPT a. indvidual psychology b. rational emotive behavior therapy c. cognitive therapy d. strategic family therapy Correct Answer: a. individual psychology Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a normal distribution?

a. Most scores fall near the mean b. The normal distribution forms a bell curve when graphed c. The curve is symptomatic, meaning that the tail touches the Y-axis at +-3 standard deviations d. Th mean, median, and mode all fall at the center of the distribution Correct Answer: c. The curve is symptomatic, meaning that the tail touches the Y-axis at +-3 standard deviations A reasonable defense for behaving in an unethical manner is a. not having anyone to consult with about a concern b. not having read pertinent ethical codes c. not fulling understanding relevant ethical codes d. none of the above Correct Answer: d. none of the above REBT counselors use ______________ to alter clients' irrational beliefs. a. circular questioning b. disputation c. restructuring d. scriptotherapy Correct Answer: b. disputation The expectation of hopelessness is characterized in which worldview? a. Internal locus of control- Internal locus of responsibility b. Internal locus of control- External locus of responsibility c. External locus of control- Internal locus of responsibility d. External locus of control- External locus of responsibility Correct Answer: d. External locus of control- External locus of responsibility To ensure that no laws were violated, Internet counselors should a. be familiar with applicable laws in their state b. be familiar with applicable laws in their clients' states c. be familiar with applicable laws both in their state and their clients' state(s) d. only provide Internet counseling services to clients who live in their state Correct Answer: c. be familiar with applicable laws both in their state and their clients' state(s) Sara overhears a group making jokes about someone in her class who identifies as gay, yet she fails to do anything about it. Sara is demonstrating a. primary oppression b. secondary oppression c. tertiary oppression d. double jeopardy Correct Answer: b. secondary oppression At what stage of psychosocial development are family relationships and work performance of key importance? a. Intimacy vs. isolation

b. Generativity vs. stagnation c. Industry vs. inferiority d. Integrity vs. despair Correct Answer: b. Generativity vs. stagnation Goal setting, values clarification, and seeking occupational information are examples of a. associative learning experiences b. task approach skills c. environmental conditions d. worldview generalizations Correct Answer: b. task approach skills Reality therapy is also called a. practical counseling b. choice theory c. playful therapy d. decision theory Correct Answer: b. choice theory Information that is known to others but unknown to self is found in which quadrant of the Johari window? a. Public/open quadrant b. Private/hidden quadrant c. Blind quadrant d. Unknown/unconscious quadrant Correct Answer: c. Blind quadrant If a student scored an 82 on an exam with a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 2, what would be the student's normal curve equivalent? a. 71. b. 50 c. +1. d. 23.68 Correct Answer: a. 71. A sequential design is most closely associated with ________________ research. a. quantitative b. qualitative c. mixed-methods d. single-subject Correct Answer: c. mixed-methods A counselor discovers that a colleague has published an opinion piece in the local newspaper making false accusations about her professional behavior and abilities. The counselor may be able to sue this person for a. slander b. libel c. malicious gossip

d. all of the above Correct Answer: b. libel Which of the following terms does NOT coincide with the eugenics movement (1920s-1930s)? a. One drop rule b. Support of biracial individuals c. Laws against interracial marriages d. Connection between genes and intellectual and social traits Correct Answer: b. Support of biracial individuals Although Madeline draws in her coloring book while Sophie builds a house with blocks, they sit near each other and carry on a conversation. This type of play is called a. associative play b. nonsocial activity c. cooperative play d. parallel play Correct Answer: a. associative play The external conflict scale on the Career Thoughts Inventory indicates client difficulty in a. overcoming career decisions-making barriers b. balancing one's own views and vocational desires with others' input c. initiating the career decision-making process d. obtaining work-related skills Correct Answer: b. balancing one's own views and vocational desires with others' input Frankl believed that people could find meaning through a. suffering b. achievement c. creation d. all of the above Correct Answer: d. all of the above All of the following behaviors can be potentially problematic in group work EXCEPT a. advice giving b. gatekeeping c. infoming d. blocking Correct Answer: b. gatekeeping Students must run a mile at least a minute faster in the spring than they did in the fall to pass their physical education fitness exam. This type of exam is an example of a(n) a. norm-referenced test b. raw score c. criterion-referenced test d. ipsative assessment Correct Answer: d. ipsative assessment

A counseling researcher is interested in investigating the following research question: "What is the influence of socioeconomic status and school climate on academic achievement?" Th dependent variable is a. socioeconomic status b. academic achievement c. gender d. geography Correct Answer: b. academic achievement One of the first steps that counselors who receive subpoenas should take is a. to comply so as not to be held in contempt of court b. to refuse to comply due to client confidentiality c. to contact the client to see how he or she would like them to proceed d. to comply but only provide the court with the most essential information Correct Answer: c. to contact the client to see how he or she would like them to proceed Selfishness predominates the __________________ stage of Gilligan's theory of moral development. a. goodness as self-sacrifice b. morality of nonviolence c. orientation to individual survival d. ethic of self-preservation Correct Answer: c. orientation to individual survival To assess a client's career interests, a counselor should administer (the) a. My Vocational Situation b. Work Orientation and Values Survey (WOVS) c. Kuder Career Search d. Career Beliefs Inventory Correct Answer: c. Kuder Career Search Because she is upset about the amount of fighting she engages in with her teenage daughter (upwards of five fights each week), a client is seeking a counselor who uses a solution-focused brief counseling approach. After a few sessions, she reports to the counselor that she fought only once with her daughter since her last counseling session. The counselor responds by asking the client "How were you able to do that? What did you do to decrease the amount of fighting?" The counselor in this scenario is using the SFBT technique called a. compliments b. positive blame c. miracle question d. exception question Correct Answer: b. positive blame Closed groups are often preferred when the leader is looking to encourage a. achievement of group goals b. group process c. group cohesion and trust

d. All of the above Correct Answer: d. All of the above Readiness tests, which indicate the minimum level of skills needed to move from one grade level to another, have been a. removed from high stakes testing b. criticized for including cultural and language biases c. replaced by survey batteries d. applauded for cultural competence when assessing students for lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups Correct Answer: b. criticized for including cultural and language biases The research question "How does ethnicity impact religiosity?" is an example of a ______________ research question. a. casual b. relational c. descriptive d. structured Correct Answer: a. casual The 1970s court case that resulted in the deinstitutionalization of parents living in mental hospitals was a. Jian v. State of Iowa b. Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California c. Jaffee v. Redmond d. Donaldson v. O'Connor Correct Answer: d. Donaldson v. O'Connor __________________ needs to occur when the demand for workers exceeds the number of existing workers and requires more workers to be added to the workforce. a. Occupational b. Growth c. Replacement d. Employment Correct Answer: b. Growth Which of the following is an example of an externalizing question? a. "How long have you been depressed?" b. "How has impulsivity hindered you from forming intimate connections with others?" c. "In what situations are you the most anxious?" d. "When did you first start feeling sad?" Correct Answer: b. "How has impulsivity hindered you from forming intimate connections with others?" For optimal functioning, task groups should consist of at least __________ members. a. 3 to 4 b. 4 to 5 c. 5 to 6 d. 6 to 7 Correct Answer: b. 4 to 5

Survey batteries a. are designed to identify student learning disabilities b. are used to assess academic progress by measuring individuals' knowledge across brand content areas c. provide an in-depth analysis of a student's skill competency in one academic subject d. indicate the minimum level of skills needed to move from one grade level to another Correct Answer: b. are used to assess academic progress by measuring individuals' knowledge across brand content areas During a repeated measures design, counseling reachers note that participants' mental health symptoms are fluctuating significantly. Which type of validity threat would best account for this occurrence? a. History b. Instrumental c. Attrition d. Selection Correct Answer: b. Instrumental Family boundaries should be a. clear b. communicated to all members c. understood by all members d. all of the above Correct Answer: d. all of the above ______________ is NOT one fo the eight core elements that Bowen believed affects a family's functioning. a. Triangles b. Circular causality c. Differentiation of self d. Sibling position Correct Answer: b. Circular casualty (The) __________________ was passed following the launch of the Sputnik satellite that gave additional funding to schools, resulting in increased hiring of school counselors. a. National Defense Education Act (NDEA) b. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) c. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) d. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act Correct Answer: a. National Defense Education Act (NDEA) When choosing a marriage partner, people are most likely to select someone with a. a higher level of differentiation b. a lower level of differentiation c. around the same level of differentiation d. there is no relationship between level of differentiation and mate selection Correct Answer: c. around the same level of differentiation

Which occupational classification system does the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) use? a. Occupational Network Classification System (ONCS) b. Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC) c. Occupational Classification System (OCS) d. Career Classification System (CCS) Correct Answer: b. Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC) Under HIPAA, patients/clients must a. be allowed to review their records b. be given a privacy policy c. sign a document declaring they have been given information about HIPAA d. all of the above Correct Answer: d. all of the above The multigenerational transmission process explains how a. people become triangulated b. levels of differentiation are perpetuated c. some individuals become emotionally cut off from their families d. birth order affects the personalities of children Correct Answer: b. levels of differentiation are perpetuated Which of the following is true about the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)? a. It is a special aptitude test. b. It is administered to students in Grades 7 through 12. c. It was originally developed for the military but now measures the abilities required for a variety of both military and civilian jobs. d. It includes a career interest inventory that assesses student vocational strengths and determines possible careers that might interest the student. Correct Answer: c. It was originally developed for the military but now measures the abilities required for a variety of both military and civilian jobs. CACREP-accredited counseling programs must apply for accreditation every a. 8 years b. 2 years c. 10 years d. 5 years Correct Answer: a. 8 years _________________ is NOT the name of one of the four communication patters the Satir describes as dysfunctional. a. Super-reasonable b. Blamer c. Comedian d. Placater Correct Answer: c. Comedian

Acknowledgment of White privilege and a desire to relinquish privileges occurs in Helms's a. internalization status b. autonomy status c. immersion status d. pseudo-independence status Correct Answer: b. autonomy status A student receiving services under IDEA is placed in a normal classroom because it has been determined that he can function well there with some accommodations. This scenario best exemplifies the concept of a. least restrictive environment b. 504 plan c. free appropriate public education d. individualized education plan Correct Answer: a. least restrictive environment In terms of time orientation, American Indians and Native Alaskans are much more oriented toward a. future b. present c. past d. all of the above Correct Answer: b. present Which of the following is a FALSE statement about maternal employment? a. When accounting for a job title and years of experience, women without children generally make the same amount of money as men. b. Mothers who work have increased life satisfaction compared to nonworking mothers. c. Marital satisfaction is the same for working mothers as it is for nonworking mothers. d. Working mother are more stressed than nonworking mothers. Correct Answer: d. Working mother are more stressed than nonworking mothers. Clients' career issues a. often intersect with their personal lives b. are unrelated to their personal lives c. are not to be discussed in personal counseling d. can only be resolved though career counseling Correct Answer: a. often intersect with their personal lives According to Satir, the best communication style is a. empathic b. congruent c. caring d. genuine Correct Answer: b. congruent

Cohesion is likely to develop more quickly for a. small groups b. medium-sized groups c. large groups d. none of the above. Group cohesion develops at approximately the same rate, regardless of group size. Correct Answer: a. small groups The Rorscharch inkblot test uses _______________ to score the client's responses a. the location fo the portion to which the client responds b. the determinants that the client used to describe what he or she saw c. the content of the client's response d. all of the above Correct Answer: d. all of the above _____________ is NOT an experimental design. a. Ex post facto b. Time series c. One group pretest-posttest d. Nonequivalent groups posttest only Correct Answer: a. Ex post facto Obtaining liability insurance is essential for a. new counselors b. counselors who work in private practice c. counselors who work with children d. all of the above Correct Answer: d. all of the above The stereotype of successful Asian Americans has the effect of a. upholding the beliefs that any minority can succeed if they merely work hard enough b. putting one minority against the other by holding up one as an example c. shortchanging support for Asian communities because the view that all Asians are "successful" d. all of the above Correct Answer: d. all of the above When someone does not fully resolve and work through a crisis situation, he or she may experience a. vicarious trauma b. transcrisis c. compassion fatigue d. burnout Correct Answer: b. transcrisis According to the NCDA's Career Counseling Competencies, an effective career counselor should have knowledge of a. individual and group counseling skills b. research and evaluation

c. career development theory d. all of the above Correct Answer: d. all of the above Which theory of family counseling would view a family's symptoms as the way that the family maintains its homeostasis? a. Human validation process model b. Strategic family therapy c. Symbolic-experiential family therapy d. Structural family therapy Correct Answer: a. Human validation process model Homogeneity of members, interdependence, and attractiveness of members refers to which factor of group cohesion? a. Group factors b. Interpersonal factors c. Group composition factors d. Group environment factors Correct Answer: b. Interpersonal factors Which type of observation records the number of times a client engages in the targeted behavior during a predetermined time interval? a. Indirect b. ABC c. event d. Partial interval Correct Answer: d. Partial interval A professional counselor wants to display nominal data. A _____________________ is the most suitable way to present that data. a. frequency polygon b. histogram c. bar graph d. none of the above Correct Answer: c. bar graph Reciprocity refers to a. the ability for counselors licensed in one state to work in another state without having to apply for licensure again b. catering c. the client-counselor relationship d. none of the above Correct Answer: a. the ability for counselors licensed in one state to work in another state without having to apply for licensure again A teenager who is embarrassed to go out to dinner with his family even though he does not now anyone else dining at the restaurant is experiencing? a. a personal fable

b. magical thinking c. an imaginary audience d. none of the above Correct Answer: c. an imaginary audience Which career counseling intervention allows a client to gain insight into a particular work environment by observing competent worker? a. Informational interviewing b. Job shadowing c. Job coaching d. Volunteer work Correct Answer: b. Job shadowing Families are often stuck because of their tendency to perpetuate dysfunctional patterns of behavior without attempting any change. Strategic family therapists refer to this as a. circular functioning b. punctuation c. the redundancy principle d. ritualistic behavior Correct Answer: c. the redundancy principle _____________ groups will put significant emphasis on examining member transference and resistance. a. Existential b. Adlerian c. Psychodynamic d. Gestalt Correct Answer: c. Psychodynamic What is the biggest drawback to using a structured interview format to asses a client? a. The interviewer tends to rely on the client to determine the interview's focus. b. The structured interview does not provide the flexibility to ask follow-up questions or explore client issues more in depth. c. Structured interviews are considered to be less reliable than semi-structured interviews. d. The structured interview tends to cover a narrow range of topics Correct Answer: b. The structured interview does not provide the flexibility to ask follow-up questions or explore client issues more in depth. In a normal distribution, approximately ___________% of the scores will exceed two standard deviations above the mean? a. 1 b. 2 c. 8 d. 14 Correct Answer: b. 2 If sufficiently trained, professional counselors are legally allowed to use psychological tests as part of their practice in

a. a handful of states b. most states c. all states d. none of the above. Only psychologists are permitted to use psychological test. Correct Answer: b. most states _______________ is NOT a method used to conduct needs assessments. a. Surveying the target group b. Conducting focus group interviews c. Hiring a consultant d. Reviewing peer-reviewed journal articles Correct Answer: d. Reviewing peer-reviewed journal articles In family counseling, circular questioning is used to a. help the counselor formulate a hypothesis b. highlight the differences in perspective among family members c. create a more comprehensive understanding of the family system d. all of the above Correct Answer: d. all of the above Member satisfaction with the overall group experience is most commonly assessed a. toward the end of the group process b. in the beginning of the group process c. in the middle of the group process d. throughout the group process Correct Answer: a. toward the end of the group process What type of clinical interview format is most subject to interviewer error? a. Structured interviews b. Semi-structured interviews c. Unstructured interviews d. Closed interviews Correct Answer: c. Unstructured interviews "Going native" is a risk for which of the following data collection methods? a. Participant observation b. Document analysis c. Individual interviewing d. Random selection Correct Answer: a. Participant observation Which of the following is NOT a true statement about structural family counseling? a. Marital roles soul have complementarity. b. Parents should be at the top fo the family hierarchy. c. Boundaries should be permeable. d. Older children should have more responsibilities and privileges than younger children. Correct Answer: c. Boundaries should be permeable.