NCE National Counseling Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Career Counseling

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Questions And Answers

psychosocial - correct answer Erikson's stages are called... Erik Erikson - correct answer Who is the only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span WIlliam perry - correct answer Dualistic thinking is a concept stressed by... child psychologist (leading name in cognitive development in children) - correct answer Jean Piaget was what kind of psychologist Conservation - correct answer Piaget's theory referring to the notion that a substances weight, mass and volume remain the same even if this changes shape is called.. John Watson - correct answer Who is the father of american behaviorism

Questions And Answers

Lawrence Kohlberg - correct answer Who is the leading theorist in moral development 3 types: Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional - correct answer What are Lawrence Kohlberg's levels of moral development? Trust versus mistrust. - correct answer What is the first state of Erikson's 8 stages of development? Integrity versus despair - correct answer What is Erikson's 8th/final stage? Postconventional morality (where the individual has self- imposed morals and ethics) - correct answer What is Kohlberg's highest level of morality? Post Conventional - correct answer What is kohlberg's 3rd stage of morality?

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Lev Vygotsky - correct answer The zone of proximal development was pioneered by Latency - correct answer What is the only Freudian developmental stage which is not primarily psychosexual in nature? Preconventional Level: 1.)punishment/obedience orientation 2.) naive hedonism conventional level: 3.)good boy.good girl orienation 4.) authority, law and order orienation postconventional level 5.) democratically accepted law or social contract 6.) principles of self-concience and universal ethics - correct answer What are kohlberg's stages of moral development?

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it concerns field research utilizing animals (often associated with the work of Konrad Lorenz) - correct answer What is ethology? their own actions and experimentation (Piaget) - correct answer children in concrete operations learn best by.... 2 - 7 years old - correct answer Piaget's preoperational stage occurs from age... Harry Harlow - correct answer Who is most well known for having worked with Rhesus monkeys super ego - correct answer Freud felt morality developed from the ... Frank Parsons - correct answer Who is the 'father of guidance counseling' which is meant to help individuals search for work

Questions And Answers

all culture - like children - pass through the same stages of development in terms of evolving and maturing. - correct answer What is culture epoch theory? The Tarasoff duty/case - correct answer What is the case that resulted in the "counselor's duty to warn an intended victim of violence" John Dollard and Neal Miller - correct answer Who is associated with the frustration- aggression theory? Albert Ellis. - correct answer Who is the father of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)? Leon Festinger - correct answer Who came up with the cognitive dissonance theory? this theory predicts that a person will look for things which are consistent with their behavior. (to rationalize) - correct answer what is cognitive dissonance theory?

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an insider's perspective of culture; relating to, or involving analysis of cultural phenomena from the perspective of one who participates in the culture being studied. - correct answer what does the word 'emic' mean? Change comes from within - correct answer what does autoplastic mean?

correct answer what does alloplastic mean? after a period of time, one forgets the communicator but remembers the message - someone's opinion might change well after the conversation. - correct answer What is the sleeper effect? the executive administrator - controller of impulses - correct answer describe the ego (Freudian) a person's instincts - correct answer describe the "id" the conscience - correct answer describe the superego

Questions And Answers

is when a person acts out an unconscious impulse in a socially acceptable way - correct answer what is sublimation? when a researcher has accepted a null hypothesis (ie: there is no difference between an experimental group and a group not receiving any experimental treatment) when it is false - correct answer what is a Type II Error? underrating a reward or set of circumstances (I didn't want it anyways) - correct answer sour grapes rationalization over rates a reward or set up circumstances (saying how wonderful a distasteful set of circumstances really is - rationalizing) - correct answer sweet lemon rationalization the person acts the opposite of the way he or she actually feels - correct answer reaction formation

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social factors - correct answer in contrast with freud, the neo-Freudians emphasized Frederick C. Thorne - correct answer Eclectic counseling is most closely associated with who? instrumental learning - correct answer skinner's operant conditioning is also referred to as... brain - correct answer EEG feedback focuses on what part of the body? Muscles - correct answer EMG feedback focuses on what part of the body? Heart - correct answer EKG feedback focuses on what part of the body?

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Parsons and WIlliamson - correct answer Who is associated most with trait and factor career counseling? when a person expresses an unacceptable need in a social acceptable manner - correct answer what is sublimation? artistic, conventional, enterprising, investigative, realistic, and social. - correct answer what are Holland's six employment associations? ginzberg, Ginsburg, axelrad, and herma it happened in about 1951 - correct answer which researches were the first to emphasize developmental factors related to occupational choice? people learn not only fromm the consequences of hier own behavior but also from observing the consequences of others - correct answer what is social learning?

Questions And Answers

Donald Super - correct answer who coined the term "the career rainbow"? E.G. Williamson - correct answer who is associated with trait and factor matching theory relies on tests and assessments to match traits, aptitude, and interests - correct answer what is trait and factor matching theory realistic(doing), investigative (researcher), artistic (singer), social (teacher), enterprising (business owner), conventional (secretary, clerk). Congruence between the person and job are emphasized. - correct answer What are John Holland's six personality/work environments? Donald SUper - correct answer who is associated with "self concept and developmental stage theory"? Anne Roe - correct answer Whos is associated with "early childhood needs theory approach" (Career)

Questions And Answers

vocational choice is related to personality development at a young age. - correct answer what is anne roe's 'early childhood needs thoery'? John Krumboltz - correct answer who is associated with "learning theory of career counseling" LTCC?

1. Genetic endowment and unique abilities
2. environmental conditions and life events
3. learning experiences 4.cognitive problem solving - correct answer 1.) 11 and under: fantacy 2.) 11-17: tentative 3.) 17-early adulthood: realistic. - correct answer what are the three developmental stages set forth by the Ginzberg group (CAREER) Mark Savickas - correct answer who is associated with career construction postmodern theory?

Questions And Answers

Focuses on how one's belief system impacts career choice - correct answer phase one (circumscription): rule out certain jobs not acceptable for gender, stereotypes and social class phase two (compromise): change mind if career path is not truly realistic - correct answer what are the two phases or linda gottfredson's theory of circumscription and compromise?

1. autonomy/independence
2. security/stability
3. technical/functional competence
4. general managerial competence
5. entrepreneurial creativity
6. service/dedication to a cause
7. pure challenge
8. lifestyle - correct answer what are Edgar Schein's eight career anchors? Hint: Gas Spelt out of Schein's car.

Questions And Answers

placating, blaming, being overly reasonable and being irrelevant - correct answer according to satir what are the four basic patterns that prevent good family communication? someone must complete a unpleasant task (low probability behavior) before engaging in a pleasant task (high probability behavior) - correct answer