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NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers a group counselor uses techniques based on implosive therapy in her work. which theorist is responsible for implosive therapy? a. ellis b. beck c. janov d. stampfl - correct answer d. stampfl - abreactive form of therapy often used with highly phobic clients. clients are induced to read or hear about or imagine frightening depictions of what might happen if they are forced to face their fear. idea is that the person will become desensitized a group counselor decides to make graphs of the psychological test data for all of her clients over the past year. when she plots the distribution of beck depression inventory data, she notices it it skewed to the left. which of the following statements is true if a distribution is skewed to the left? a. the mean is greater than the median b. the mean is less than the median c. the mean and median are the same d. the mode is the best measure of center - correct answer b. the mean is less than the median - it means that although most of the scores are to the right of the distribution, there are a few low scores pulling the NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers distribution to the left. the mean is most impacted by the extreme scores. Because the extreme scores in this dist. are low, the value of the mean will be made less than the value of the median Susie is playing with blocks and is trying to build a tower; she tries but cannot build a tower. Susie's mother helps her build a four-block tower. Later, Susie builds a four-block tower without her mother's help. According to Vygotsky, the inability to build the tower on her own is known as: a. scaffolding b. the zone of proximal development c. assisted discovery d. learning by imitation - correct answer B. "Scaffolding" is a term used by Vygotsky that explains what Susie's mother is doing. She is adjusting her level of support to Susie based on Susie's level of performance. The zone of proximal development involves a range of tasks that are too difficult for the child to do alone but possible to do with the help of adults or other, more-skilled children. "Assisted NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers a. Uninvolved b. Authoritarian c. Authoritative d. Permissive - correct answer B. The authoritarian parenting style uses coercive techniques and psychological control to discipline children, whereas the authoritative parenting style emphasizes some control but allows for some independence. The uninvolved parenting style rarely uses any control and the parent seems to be indifferent to the child's level of independence. In the permissive parenting style, the parents are typically overindulgent with the child. They exert very little control and are lenient when it comes to granting independence to the child. Harry Harlow used baby monkeys and several different kinds of "surrogate mothers" to investigate which factors are important in early development and attachment. According to his findings, baby monkeys: a. preferred a soft terrycloth "mother" to a wire-mesh "mother" that held a bottle b. preferred a wire-mesh "mother" that held a bottle to a soft terrycloth "mother" c. showed no preference NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers d. preferred neither "mother" - correct answer A. In Harry Harlow's experiments, he found that baby monkeys preferred physical comfort to hunger satisfaction. In other words, the baby monkeys wanted to be close to a soft terrycloth "mother" rather than a wire-mesh "mother," even though the latter presented food. Therefore, attachment involves more than hunger satisfaction. It involves having close contact with a "loving" caregiver. Which of the following is a myth about suicide in the United States? a. Male suicide is four times higher than that among females. b. It occurs in age groups of 90 years and up. c. Psychiatrists, physicians, and dentists are most prone. d. Asking someone about suicide may push that person over the edge. - correct answer D. If someone is thinking about suicide, asking that person about suicide will not plant the seed or push her into committing suicide. It is important that as a counselor, you ask clients about suicide so that they can get the help they need. It is necessary to assess suicidality whenever you suspect that someone is contemplating it or behaving in ways that may suggest that she is contemplating it. It is best practice to assess NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers for suicidality at each session with your clients. Suicide knows no age boundaries. Females attempt suicide at a rate three times higher than males, but males are successful more often, usually because they use more lethal methods than females. Cody does what his parents say because he doesn't want to lose his television privileges. This is an example of what level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development? a. Integrity versus despair b. Preconventional c. Conventional d. Postconventional - correct answer B. Integrity versus despair is one of the stages in Erickson's psychosocial developmental theory. Kohlberg postulated that in the first level, preconventional, individuals are concerned with consequences imposed upon them for wrongdoing. Thus, in the example, Cody wanted to avoid being punished by having his television privileges taken away. At the conventional level, an individual wants to conform to societal rules so that authority rules and order is maintained. At the postconventional level, individuals define morality in terms of universal values and altruism. NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers Erikson's generativity stage involves middle-aged adults who are launching their children, dealing with an empty nest, and working toward retirement. His ego integrity stage involves older adults who review their lives, looking at successes and regrets. When it comes to displaying aggression, girls more often engage in ____________ aggression than boys. a. hostile b. instrumental c. relational d. physical - correct answer C. Instrumental aggression occurs when a child wants a toy that another child has and he tries to get that toy by pushing or attacking the other child in some way. Hostile aggression occurs when a child intentionally hurts another child because he wants to hurt the other child. Physical aggression occurs more often in boys than in girls and is any form of harm or physical injury such as pushing, hitting, biting, or kicking. Relational aggression more often occurs in girls and involves the use of social exclusion, malicious gossip, or peer manipulation in order to damage another person's peer relationships. NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers All of the following are physical characteristics of Down Syndrome EXCEPT: a. short, stocky build b. almond-shaped eyes c. large hands and feet d. flattened face - correct answer C. The chromosomal abnormality, Down Syndrome, is the most common chromosomal disorder, occurring in 1 out of every 800 births. Individuals with Down Syndrome suffer from mental retardation, memory and speech problems, and slow motor development. They usually have some heart deformities, as well as being of short and stocky build. They have almond-shaped eyes, a flattened face, a protruding tongue, and an unusual crease running across the palm of the hand. Which of the following statements is true when considering cultural and familial influences on self-esteem? a. Chinese and Japanese children have higher self-esteem than North American children, mainly because their cultures have higher academic standards for achievement. NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers b. Boys tend to have lower self-esteem than girls. c. African American children tend to have lower self- esteem than Caucasian children. d. An authoritative parenting style usually allows children to have especially high self-esteem. - correct answer D. Actually, Asian children usually have lower self-esteem than their North American counterparts, while African American children have higher self-esteem than their Caucasian counterparts. Generally, boys have higher self-esteem than girls. An authoritative parenting style is generally more accepting and less critical of children's negative behavior: Parents tend to build their children's self-esteem because the focus is on building a sense of worth and independence. you are treating a client who is receiving counseling through his companies EAP. the employees supervisor calls you because he is curious as to how the counseling is progressing. in this situation, you can let the supervisor know how the clients counseling is progressing: - correct answer only if the employee has signed a waiver of confidentiality/release of information form a career counselor believes that ones environment and ones biology are both influential in determining a persons career choice and performancec only when considered in NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers disorders in the family. you dtermine that you need to take a family history. what should you do? - correct answer schedule a session as early as possible for taking a family history The counseling department at a university is interested in measuring the relationship between the GRE score of students entering the program and the students GPA upon graduation. They discover that the correlation between the two measures is 0.60. what is the amount of variability between GPA and GRE scores? - correct answer 0.36. Shared variability or the amount of variability shared between two variables, is equal to the square of the correlation coefficient (r) of the variables, or r2. .60 squared is .36. In the context of professional licensure for counselors, reciprocity refers to... - correct answer A licensing agency accepting the licensing standards of another agency as sufficient for its own professional counselors. a junior high school counselor gives an IQ test to a 13 year old student. The student scores very high on the test. The counselor would expect the student to have: - correct answer Average athletic ability. Notice that the question asked what the counselor would "expect" there is no consistent correlation between IQ and athletic NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers ability. If there is no correlation between the two variables, then you would expect the mean. The best answer then, is average athletic ability because if you know absolutely nothing about a person, you would expect them to be average. in a group therapy setting, the group leader uses catharsis to promote members resolutions of unconscious conflict and the acquisition of improved management skills. the group described is most likely: a. counseling b. psychotherapy c. personal growth d. self-help - correct answer psychotherapy group a counselor believes that both biology and environment are important in determining a persons development and functioning. the counselor believes that culture and environment act togetherwith each other to impact the individual. the counselor would most likely agree with the views of which of the following theorists? a. environmental learning theory b. biological maturational theory c. interactional theory NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers d. cultural context theory - correct answer Interactional theory. the key words are "acts together" one group member remarks to anther group member "I enjoyed watching you interact today. you taught me a lot of great techniques." this is an example of a. hope b. information c. universality d. imitation - correct answer information. the group member has only received information from the other group member, it would be imitation only if the one member actually performs the techniques a career counselor gives all of her new clients a measure of career maturity that scores people on a 100 point scale from 1-100. after collecting data on over 100 clients, she notices that the scores are normally distributed. the mean score is 65, indicating a level of moderate career maturity. the standard deviation of scores is 10. based on this information, she would expect that 68% of scores would be between: - correct answer 55 and 75. 68% of scores will be one SD above and one SD below NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers In the original studies, Milgram and his colleagues found that people were more likely to disobey under all of the following circumstances EXCEPT when __________. a. the victim was in an adjoining room so the "teacher" heard every sound the victim made b. two experimenters had conflicting demands about the continuation of the experiment c. the person ordering them to continue was an ordinary man, apparently another volunteer d. the subject worked with peers who refused to go further in the procedure - correct answer A. You can consider this logically. If you could hear another person crying or in distress, you would want to stop what you were doing in order to get the person to stop crying. Although having conflicting information being given to you would probably get you to think twice about it, you would not discontinue what you were doing. You would be confused. Milgram's team found that having someone who looked like an "authority" figure had an influence, but the opposite was not found to lead to disobedience. Subjects continued "teaching" in the "authority" and "nonauthority" situations. NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers In the Stanford prison simulation, male college students agreed to participate in an experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that __________. a. within a short time the prisoners became distressed and panicky, with accompanying emotional and physical ailments b. a small percentage of the guards became tyrannical and abusive in order to maintain the social structure of the prison c. the "tough but fair" guards urged the tyrannical guards to lighten up on the prisoners d. all of the prisoners and the guards became harsh and abusive - correct answer C. It was the social context that determined the behaviors of both the guards and the prisoners. In the Stanford prison study, the setting was so realistic that the participants became guards and prisoners. In what ways do stereotypes distort reality? a. Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist between groups. NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers b. Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist within groups. c. Stereotypes produce many differing perceptions by many people. d. Stereotypes demonstrate that members of a group can be different. - correct answer A. The key word here is "distort." As you attempt to answer this question, you need to think about how stereotypes distort the truth in negative ways. The most reasonable answer is that stereotypes distort one's ideas about how one group is so different from another group. In reality, the differences between groups are not as extreme as stereotypes make them out to be. People of differing cultures are not so different from people from another culture. It has been found that people are people, and we are more alike than dissimilar. Jennifer has to choose between spending the evening at home with her parents or spending the evening babysitting her younger sister. Jennifer does not like either of these choices. This situation describes an: a. approach-avoidance conflict b. avoidance-avoidance conflict c. approach-approach conflict NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers d. educating oneself as completely as possible regarding the clients' cultural context - correct answer A. The answer is pretty straightforward when you consider the other choices. The most appropriate standard of care for a counselor who works with multicultural clients is to treat each client individually. When working with individuals from different cultures, the effective counselor may not: a. use language similar to the client's b. maintain good eye contact at all times c. be cognizant of the context d. honor religious beliefs - correct answer B. This question could trip you up if you are not aware of the cultural differences regarding eye contact. Murray is a bright student, but he procrastinates. He puts off writing term papers and gets incompletes, which eventually become Fs. Murray's therapist helps him establish small, specific goals rather than vague, long-range goals. The therapist also asks Murray to keep a diary of how he is NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers spending his time when he is avoiding his studies. The method used to help Murray deal with his problem is __________ therapy. a. psychodynamic b. behavioral c. Gestalt d. existential - correct answer B. When techniques involve setting goals or keeping a diary, you can automatically think that the therapy is behavioral. Most other therapies do not involve keeping track of behaviors or setting specific goals. The social-learning perspective is to the psychodynamic perspective as __________ are to _____________. a. bodily events; social and cultural forces b. social and cultural forces; bodily events c. environmental conditions; unconscious dynamics d. unconscious dynamics; environmental conditions - correct answer C. Whenever psychoanalysis or psychodynamics is mentioned, you should automatically think of unconscious processes, as this is the hallmark of such an approach. Of course, the social-learning perspective deals with social aspects, but more intently it deals with environmental conditions. Bodily events or NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers bodily functions would be more aligned with a biological approach of some sort. Remember that learning involves interacting with the environment. The process of saying freely whatever comes to mind in connection with dreams, memories, fantasies, or conflicts, in the course of a psychodynamic therapy session, is referred to as __________. a. systematic desensitization b. flooding c. free association d. exposure treatment - correct answer C. One way you can think of free association is as speaking freely about whatever comes to mind. Free association is a technique used by psychoanalysts and psychodynamic therapists. Which of the following is not a behavioral therapy? a. Flooding b. Skills training c. Exposure NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers In _________ therapy, the therapist uses logical arguments to challenge a client's unrealistic beliefs or expectations. a. client-centered b. rational-emotive behavior c. existential d. aversive conditioning - correct answer B. In rational-emotive therapy, a client's irrational beliefs are challenged. Systematic desensitization and "flooding" are ___________ therapies. a. behavioral b. psychodynamic c. reality d. Adlerian - correct answer A Which of the following types of psychotherapists would be most likely to use free association and transference? a. Rational-emotive behavior therapists b. Behavior therapists c. Psychodynamic therapists d. Client-centered therapists - correct answer C NCE Practice Test Questions And Answers these techniques belong to which theory? free association, dream analysis, interpretation of transference - correct answer psychodynamic these techniques belong to which theory? emphasizing clients strengths, examination of clients memories, focusing on interpretation, spitting in the clients soup - correct answer adlerian these techniques belong to which theory? role playing, role modeling, defining limits, helping the client make a plan - correct answer reality therapy