NCLEX Cardiovascular Exam 2024 – Questions and Answers INDICATED, Exams of Nursing

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NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 1

NCLEX Cardiovascular Exam 2020 – Questions and

Answers

← A client admitted to the hospital with chest pain and a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is scheduled for cardiac catheterization. Which medication would need to be withheld for 24 hours before the procedure and for 48 hours after the procedure? ← Glipizide ← Metformin ← Repaglinide ← Regular insulin ← A client who had cardiac surgery 24 hours ago has had a urine output averaging 20 mL/hour for 2 hours. The client received a single bolus of 500 mL of intravenous fluid. Urine output for the subsequent hour was 25 mL. Daily laboratory results indicate that the blood urea nitrogen level is 45 mg/dL ( mmol/L) and the serum creatinine level is 2.2 mg/dL (194 mcmol/L). On the basis of these findings, the nurse would anticipate that the client is at risk for which problem? ← Hypovolemia ← Acute kidney injury

← Glomerulonephritis ← Urinary tract infection

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 2 ← The nurse is reviewing an electrocardiogram rhythm strip. The P waves and QRS complexes are regular. The PR interval is 0.16 seconds, and QRS complexes measure 0.06 seconds. The overall heart rate is 64 beats/minute. Which action should the nurse take? ← Check vital signs. ← Check laboratory test results. ← Notify the health care provider. ← Continue to monitor for any rhythm change. ← A client is wearing a continuous cardiac monitor, which begins to sound its alarm. The nurse sees no electrocardiographic complexes on the screen. Which is the priority nursing action? ← Call a code. ← Call the health care provider. ← Check the client's status and lead placement. ← Press the recorder button on the electrocardiogram console. ← The nurse is evaluating a client's response to cardioversion. Which assessment would be the priority? ← Blood pressure ← Status of airway

← Oxygen flow rate ← Level of consciousness

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 3 ← The nurse is caring for a client who has just had implantation of an automatic internal cardioverter-defibrillator. The nurse should assess which item based on priority? ← Anxiety level of the client and family ← Presence of a Medic-Alert card for the client to carry ← Knowledge of restrictions on post-discharge physical activity ← Activation status of the device, heart rate cutoff, and number of shocks it is programmed to deliver ← A client's electrocardiogram strip shows atrial and ventricular rates of 110 beats/minute. The PR interval is 0.14 seconds, the QRS complex measures 0. seconds, and the PP and RR intervals are regular. How should the nurse correctly interpret this rhythm? ← Sinus tachycardia ← Sinus bradycardia ← Sinus dysrhythmia ← Normal sinus rhythm ← The nurse is assessing the neurovascular status of a client who returned to the surgical nursing unit 4 hours ago after undergoing aortoiliac bypass graft. The affected leg is warm, and the nurse notes redness and edema. The pedal pulse is palpable and unchanged from admission. How should the nurse correctly interpret the client's neurovascular status?

← The neurovascular status is normal because of increased blood flow through the leg.

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 4 ← The neurovascular status is moderately impaired, and the surgeon should be called. ← The neurovascular status is slightly deteriorating and should be monitored for another hour. ← The neurovascular status is adequate from an arterial approach, but venous complications are arising. ← The nurse is evaluating the condition of a client after pericardiocentesis performed to treat cardiac tamponade. Which observation would indicate that the procedure was effective? ← Muffled heart sounds ← A rise in blood pressure ← Jugular venous distention ← Client expressions of dyspnea ← A client with variant angina is scheduled to receive an oral calcium channel blocker twice daily. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching? ← "I should notify my doctor if my feet or legs start to swell." ← "My doctor told me to call his office if my pulse rate decreases below 60."

← "Avoiding grapefruit juice will definitely be a challenge for me, since I usually drink it every morning with breakfast."

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 5 ← "My spouse told me that since I have developed this problem, we are going to stop walking in the mall every morning." ← The nurse is monitoring a client with acute pericarditis for signs of cardiac tamponade. Which assessment finding indicates the presence of this complication? Flat neck veins A pulse rate of 60 beats/minute Muffled or distant heart sounds Wheezing on auscultation of the lungs ← The home care nurse is providing instructions to a client with an arterial ischemic leg ulcer about home care management and self-care management. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates a need for further instruction? "I need to be sure not to go barefoot around the house." "If I cut my toenails, I need to be sure that I cut them straight across." "It is all right to apply lanolin to my feet, but I shouldn't place it between my toes." "I need to be sure that I elevate my leg above the level of my heart for at least an hour every day."

← The nurse is providing instructions to a client with a diagnosis of hypertension regarding high-sodium items to be avoided. The nurse instructs the client to avoid consuming which item?

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 6 Bananas Broccoli Antacids Cantaloupe ← The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a client with Raynaud's disease. The nurse should plan to provide which instruction to the client? Use nail polish to protect the nail beds from injury. Wear gloves for all activities involving the use of both hands. Stop smoking because it causes cutaneous blood vessel spasm. Always wear warm clothing, even in warm climates, to prevent vasoconstriction. ← The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with varicose veins in whom skin breakdown occurred over the varicosities as a result of secondary infection. Which is a priority intervention? Keep the legs aligned with the heart. Elevate the legs higher than the heart. Clean the skin with alcohol every hour. Position the client onto the side during every shift. Rationale:

In the client with a venous disorder, the legs are elevated above the level of the heart to assist with the return of venous blood to the heart. Alcohol is very irritating and drying to tissues and should not be

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 7 used in areas of skin breakdown. Option 4 specifies infrequent care intervals, so it is not the priority intervention. ← The nurse in the medical unit is reviewing the laboratory test results for a client who has been transferred from the intensive care unit (ICU). The nurse notes that a cardiac troponin T assay was performed while the client was in the ICU. The nurse determines that this test was performed to assist in diagnosing which condition? Heart failure Atrial fibrillation Myocardial infarction Ventricular tachycardia

. The nurse is caring for a client with cardiac disease who has been placed on a cardiac monitor. The nurse notes that the client has developed atrial fibrillation and has a rapid ventricular rate of 150 beats/minute. The nurse should next assess the client for which finding? ← Hypotension ← Flat neck veins ← Complaints of nausea ← Complaints of headache Rationale: The client with uncontrolled atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate greater than 100 beats/minute is at risk for low cardiac output because of loss of atrial kick. The nurse assesses the client for

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 8 palpitations, chest pain or discomfort, hypotension, pulse deficit, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, syncope, shortness of breath, and distended neck veins. ← The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a diagnosis of left-sided heart failure. Which assessment component would elicit specific information regarding the client's left-sided heart function? Listening to lung sounds Palpating for organomegaly Assessing for jugular vein distention Assessing for peripheral and sacral edema ← The nurse is participating in a class on rhythm strip interpretation. Which statement by the nurse indicates an understanding of a PR interval of 0.20? "This is a normal finding." "This is indicative of atrial flutter." "This is indicative of atrial fibrillation." "This is indicative of impending reinfarction."

20. The nurse in the medical unit is assigned to provide discharge teaching to a client with a diagnosis of angina pectoris. The nurse is discussing lifestyle changes that are needed to minimize the effects of the disease process. The client continually changes the subject during the teaching session. The nurse interprets that this client's behavior is most likely related to which problem?

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 9 Anxiety related to the need to make lifestyle changes Boredom resulting from having already learned the material An attempt to ignore or deny the need to make lifestyle changes Lack of understanding of the material provided at the teaching session and embarrassment about asking questions ← A home care nurse is visiting a client to provide follow-up evaluation and care of a leg ulcer. On removing the dressing from the leg ulcer, the nurse notes that the ulcer is pale and deep and that the surrounding tissue is cool to the touch. The nurse should document that these findings identify which type of ulcer? A stage 1 ulcer A vascular ulcer An arterial ulcer A venous stasis ulcer Rationale: Arterial ulcers have a pale deep base and are surrounded by tissue that is cool with trophic changes such as dry skin and loss of hair. Arterial ulcers are caused by tissue ischemia from inadequate arterial supply of oxygen and nutrients. A stage 1 ulcer indicates a reddened area with an intact skin surface. A venous stasis ulcer (vascular) has a dark red base and is surrounded by brown skin with local edema. This type of ulcer is caused by the accumulation of waste products of metabolism that are not cleared, as a result of venous congestion.

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 10 ← The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who will be admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the right leg. The nurse develops the plan, expecting that the health care provider (HCP) will most likely prescribe which option? Maintain activity level as prescribed. Maintain the affected leg in a dependent position. Administer an opioid analgesic every 4 hours around the clock. Apply cool packs to the affected leg for 20 minutes every 4 hours. ← A client with a diagnosis of varicose veins is scheduled for treatment by sclerotherapy and is receiving education about the procedure from the nurse. Which statement by the client indicates that the teaching has been effective? "It involves tying off the veins so that circulation is redirected in another area." "It involves surgically removing the varicosity, so anesthesia will be required." "It involves tying off the veins to prevent sluggishness of blood from occurring." "It involves injecting an agent into the vein to damage the vein wall and close it off."

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 11 ← A client calls the nurse at the clinic and reports that ever since the vein ligation and stripping procedure was performed, she has been experiencing a sensation as though the affected leg is falling asleep. The nurse should make which response to the client? "Apply warm packs to the leg." "Keep the leg elevated as much as possible." "Your health care provider needs to be contacted to report this problem." "This normally occurs after surgery and will subside when the edema goes down." ← The registered nurse (RN) is educating a new RN about the use of oxygen for clients with angina pectoris. Which statement by the new nurse indicates that the teaching has been effective? "Oxygen has a calming effect." "Oxygen will prevent the development of any thrombus." "The pain of angina pectoris occurs because of a decreased oxygen supply to heart cells." "Oxygen dilates the blood vessels so that they can supply more nutrients to the heart muscle.

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 12 ← A client with a diagnosis of angina pectoris is hospitalized for an angioplasty. The client returns to the nursing unit after the procedure, and the nurse provides instructions to the client regarding home care measures. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates an understanding of the instructions? "I need to cut down on cigarette smoking." "I am so relieved that my heart is repaired." "I need to adhere to my dietary restrictions." "I am so relieved that I can eat anything I want to now." ← The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) and is assisting the client in completing the diet menu. Which beverage should the nurse instruct the client to select from the menu? Tea Cola Coffee Raspberry juice ← The nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client with a diagnosis of angina pectoris who takes nitroglycerin for chest pain at home. During the assessment the client complains of chest pain. The nurse should immediately ask the client which question?

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 13 "Where is the pain located?" "Are you having any nausea?" "Are you allergic to any medications?" "Do you have your nitroglycerin with you?" ← The nurse has provided dietary instructions to a client with coronary artery disease. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the dietary instructions? "I'll need to become a strict vegetarian." "I should use polyunsaturated oils in my diet." "I need to substitute eggs and whole milk for meat." "I should eliminate all cholesterol and fat from my diet."

30. A client is admitted to the visiting nurse service for assessment and follow-up after being discharged from the hospital with new-onset heart failure (HF). The nurse teaches the client about the dietary restrictions required with HF. Which statement by the client indicates that further teaching is needed? "I'm not supposed to eat cold cuts."

"I can have most fresh fruits and vegetables."

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 14 "I'm going to weigh myself daily to be sure I don't gain too much fluid." "I'm going to have a ham and cheese sandwich and potato chips for lunch." ← The nurse is performing a health screening on a 54-year-old client. The client has a blood pressure of 118/78 mm Hg, total cholesterol level of 190 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L), and fasting blood glucose level of 184 mg/dL (10.2 mmol/L). The nurse interprets this to mean that the client has which modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD)? Age Hypertension Hyperlipidemia Glucose intolerance ← The nurse is trying to determine the ability of the client with myocardial infarction (MI) to manage independently at home after discharge. Which statement by the client is the strongest indicator of the potential for difficulty after discharge? "I need to start exercising more to improve my health."

"I will be sure to keep my appointment with the cardiologist."

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 15 "I don't have anyone to help me with doing heavy housework at home." "I think I have a good understanding of what all my medications are for." ← The home care nurse has taught a client with a problem of inadequate cardiac output about helpful lifestyle adaptations to promote health. Which statement by the client best demonstrates an understanding of the information provided? "I will eat enough daily fiber to prevent straining at stool." "I will try to exercise vigorously to strengthen my heart muscle." "I will drink 3000 to 3500 mL of fluid daily to promote good kidney function." "Drinking 2 to 3 oz of liquor each night will promote blood flow by enlarging blood vessels." Rationale: Standard home care instructions for a client with this problem include, among others, lifestyle changes such as decreased alcohol intake, avoiding activities that increase the demands on the heart, instituting a bowel regimen to prevent straining and constipation, and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. Consuming 3000 to 3500 mL of fluid and exercising vigorously will increase the cardiac workload.

NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Q&As 16 ← A client has been experiencing difficulty with completion of daily activities because of underlying cardiovascular disease, as evidenced by exertional fatigue and increased blood pressure. Which observation by the nurse best indicates client progress in meeting goals for this problem? Ambulates 10 feet (3 meters) farther each day Verbalizes the benefits of increasing activity Chooses a healthy diet that meets caloric needs Sleeps without awakening throughout the night ← The health care provider (HCP) has written a prescription for a client to have an echocardiogram. Which action should the nurse take to prepare the client for the procedure? Questions the client about allergies to iodine or shellfish Has the client sign an informed consent form for an invasive procedure Tells the client that the procedure is painless and takes 30 to 60 minutes Keeps the client on nothing by mouth (NPO) status for 2 hours before the procedure

← A client with coronary artery disease is scheduled to have a diagnostic exercise stress test. Which instruction should the nurse plan to provide to the client about this procedure?