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NCLEX RN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025-2026 ALL GRADED A+
Typology: Exams
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Among the following signs and symptoms, which would most likely be present in a client with mitral regurgitation?
- 2. Question Kris with a history of chronic infection of the urinary system complains of urinary frequency and burning sensation. To figureout whether the current problem is of renal origin, the nurse should assess whether the client has discomfort or pain in the:
Correct Answer: D. Right or left costovertebral angle Discomfort or pain is a problem that originates in the kidney. It isfelt at the costovertebral angle on the affected side. Flank or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness is most commonly unilateral over the involved kidney, although bilateral discomfortmay be present. Discomfort varies from absent to severe. This finding is usually not subtle and may be elicited with mild or moderately firm palpation.
or acute urinary tract infection. In both men and women, common causes of urethral pain include sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as chlamydia, local irritation from soaps or spermicides, and urinary tract infections(UTIs). In men, prostatitis isn’t an uncommon cause, whereas in women, vaginal dryness due to menopausecan be an issue.
infections and bacterial infections can both cause pain that ranges from mild discomfort and itching to severe burning or throbbing.Viral and bacterial infections, such as bacterial
- 4. Question John suddenly experiences a seizure, and Nurse Gina notices thatJohn exhibits uncontrollable jerking movements. Nurse Gina documents that John experienced which type of seizure?
- 5. Question Smoking cessation is a critical strategy for the client with Buerger’s disease, Nurse Jasmin anticipates that the male client will go home with a prescription for which medication?
- 7. Question Nurse Jamie should explain to a male client with diabetes thatself-monitoring of blood glucose is preferred to urine glucose testing because:
blood glucose is superior to the capillary blood glucose test.However, this is dependent on the laboratory meeting established industry standards.
used to prick the skin, a glucometer, and test strips. Glucometers have a range of features with modern smart machines requiring avery small sample of blood(from 0.3 to 1 microL), have Bluetooth capabilities thatsynchronize data with paired applications (apps) on smartphones. These machines and apps record data and provide trends in glucose measurements undertaken.
also be sourced from alternate sites such as the earlobe, heel, forearm,palm. Alternate site testing provides similar results to finger-prick testing, especially in the fasting and two- hour post meal times. Using alternate sites may be less painful but may need a deeper lance.
procedure could be affected by the drug taken. Blood glucose monitoringmay support the diagnosis and management of the client with impaired glucose metabolism or diabetes.Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is not recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic drugs and or dietary management.
- 8. Question Jessie weighed 210 pounds on admission to the hospital. After 2 days of diuretic therapy, Jessie weighs 205. pounds. The nurse could estimate the amount of fluid Jessie has lost:
Correct Answer: A. Osmosis Osmosis is the movement of fluid from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of greater solute concentration. In physiology, osmosis (Greek for push) is the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane. Across this membrane, water will tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It is important toemphasize that ideal osmosis requires only the movement of pure water across the membrane without any movement of solute particles across the semipermeable membrane.
area of low concentration. Passive transport, most commonly by diffusion, occurs along a concentration gradient from high to low concentration. No energy is necessary for this mode of transport. Examples will include diffusionof gases across alveolar membranes and diffusion of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine across the synapse or neuromuscular junction.
cells, using energy. Active transport is an energy-driven process where membrane proteins transport molecules across cells, mainly classified as either primary or secondary, based on how energy is coupledto fuel these mechanisms.
medium that allows the fluid to pass through but not solid. The term―filtration‖ applies whether the filter is mechanical, biological, or physical. The fluid that passes through the filter is called the filtrate. The filter medium may be a surface filter, which is a solid that traps solid particles, or a depth filter, which is a bed of material that traps the solid.
- 10. Question Myrna, a 52 - year-old client with a fractured left tibia, has a long leg cast and she is using crutches to ambulate. Nurse Joy assesses for which sign and symptom that indicates complicationassociated with crutch walking?
Correct Answer: D. Forearm weakness Forearm muscle weakness is a probable sign of radial nerve injurycaused by crutch pressure on the axillae. Crutch palsy is observable in axilla crutch users who rest their weight on the shoulder rest. The pressure on the brachial plexus can result in palsy to the radial and ulnar nerves. Extra padding on the shoulder rest can aid in preventing crutch palsy.
the short-term and long-term management of orthopedic and neurologic injuries. Through offloading body weight to the injured extremity optimal conditions areprovided to allow healing of acute injuries.
brachii. Crutches provide ambulatory support and mobility options to those with neurologic injuries or chronic orthopedic injuries enabling the individual to stay mobile and active. Crutches are a vital adjunct for those with acute and chronic injuries to maintain mobility and independence.
user’s strengthand coordination should undergo evaluation before issuing them a set of crutches. The use of the wrong
- 12. Question A female client is experiencing a painful and rigid abdomen and isdiagnosed with a perforated peptic ulcer. A surgery has been scheduled and a nasogastric tube is inserted. The nurse should place the client before surgery in
- 13. Question Which nursing intervention ensures adequate ventilatingexchange after surgery?
- 15. Question A client who has been diagnosed with hypertension is being taught to restrict intake of sodium. The nurse would know thatthe teachings are effective if the client states that:
- 16. Question A male client with a history of cirrhosis and alcoholism is admitted with severe dyspnea resulting from ascites. The nurseshould be aware that the ascites is most likely the result of increased:
Correct Answer: C. Airway Assessing for an open airway is the priority. The procedure involves the neck, the anesthesia may have affected the swallowing reflex or the inflammation may have closed in on the airway leading to ineffective air exchange. When the numbness wears off, the throat may feel scratchy for several days. After thetest, the cough reflex will return in 1 to 2 hours. Then the client may eat and drink normally.
assessing the airway first. Infection is relatively rare and can be treated with antibiotics. Numbness can occur if the biopsy is done near nerves. Any numbness typically disappears within a couple of months.
the procedure. The patient should contact the physician ifany redness, increased swelling, or increased pain develops at the surgery site. Patients may shower or bathe normally. The patient may get water on the incision. If there are stitches, they may get wet. If there is a plastic bandage over the incision, the patient may get this wet.
be a cause of concern. Pain and tenderness can last for a few days after a biopsy. Once the client gets home, heshould keep the biopsy site clean and dry at all times.The doctor may ask the client to avoid showers or baths for a couple of days after the surgery.
- 18. Question A client has 15% blood loss. Which of the following nursingassessment findings indicates hypovolemic shock?
Correct Answer: A. Systolic blood pressure less than90mm Hg Typical signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock includes systolic blood pressure of less than 90 mm Hg. The first changes in vital signs seen in hypovolemic shock include an increase in diastolic blood pressure with narrowed pulse pressure. As volumestatus continues to decrease, systolic blood pressure drops. As a result, oxygen delivery to vital organs is unable to meet oxygendemand.
emergency because it may be due to brain mass lesions which cause oculomotor nerve palsy. Anisocoria is a condition characterized by unequal pupil size. The etiology of anisocoria is complex, ranging from benign to potentially life-threatening causes. There are many pathways involved in pupil size. Some potential etiologies of anisocoria include systemic drug use, topical ophthalmic drug use, headaches, and autonomic ganglion pathology.
clients with class II hemorrhage (loss of 15-30%). Similar to examining pulse pressure variation, measuring respiratory variation in inferior vena cava diameter as a measure of volume responsiveness has only been validated in patients without spontaneous breaths or arrhythmias.
increasing the heart rate, increasing myocardial contractility, and constricting peripheral blood vessels. Patients with volume depletion may complain of thirst, muscle cramps, and/or orthostatic hypotension. Severe hypovolemic shock can result in mesenteric and coronary ischemia that can cause abdominal orchestpain. Agitation, lethargy, or confusion may result frombrain malperfusion.
