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Assessment Tools in Therapeutic Recreation: A Comprehensive Guide, Exams of Advanced Education

Chamberlain College of NursingAdvanced Education

A detailed overview of various assessment tools used in therapeutic recreation, including their purpose, scoring methods, and application in different settings. it covers a wide range of assessments, from those measuring boredom and functional independence to those evaluating cognitive function and social skills. the information is valuable for students and professionals in therapeutic recreation, offering a practical resource for understanding and applying these essential tools in practice. the assessments described are widely used in healthcare settings and provide a comprehensive overview of the field.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 05/10/2025

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NCTRC ASSESSMENT TOOL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Free Time Boredom Assessment - Correct Answers -Purpose to establish how easily an
individual becomes bored.
•Self-report assessment for normal cognitive functioning
4 Aspects of boredom or leisure:
-Meaningfulness
-Mental involvement
-Speed of time
-Physical Involvement
FIM (Functional Independent Measure) - Correct Answers -Measures individual function
levels in 18 dimensions of daily activities/self-care (eating, grooming, toileting, dressing,
transfers, locomotion, communication, etc.)
*Areas of focus: Cog. comprehension, expression, social interaction, memory, problem
solving
FIM SCORES 1-7 Level:
1 - Dependent/Total assistance. Pt. perform >25%
2 - Maximal assistance. Perform 25-49% of tasks.
3 - Moderate assistance. Pt. perform 50-74% tasks.
4 - Minimal assistance. Pt. perform +75% of tasks.
5 - Supervision or setup with helper
6 - Modified independence with no helper
7 - Complete independence with no helper
CERT- PD (Comprehensive Evaluation in RT-Physical Disabilities) - Correct Answers -
Purpose to establish baseline levels of pt. functional skills needed for leisure activities.
Observational checklist & Evaluate adult in rehab programs
8 Areas:
• Fine motor & Gross motor (weight bearing, neck control, lower extremity)
• Locomotion (ambulation ability, w/c maneuverability, transfer ability, etc.)
• Motor skills: Gross+ fine motor coordination, reaction to time
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NCTRC ASSESSMENT TOOL EXAM

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Free Time Boredom Assessment - Correct Answers -Purpose to establish how easily an individual becomes bored. •Self-report assessment for normal cognitive functioning 4 Aspects of boredom or leisure: -Meaningfulness -Mental involvement -Speed of time -Physical Involvement FIM (Functional Independent Measure) - Correct Answers -Measures individual function levels in 18 dimensions of daily activities/self-care (eating, grooming, toileting, dressing, transfers, locomotion, communication, etc.) *Areas of focus: Cog. comprehension, expression, social interaction, memory, problem solving FIM SCORES 1-7 Level: 1 - Dependent/Total assistance. Pt. perform >25% 2 - Maximal assistance. Perform 25-49% of tasks. 3 - Moderate assistance. Pt. perform 50-74% tasks. 4 - Minimal assistance. Pt. perform +75% of tasks. 5 - Supervision or setup with helper 6 - Modified independence with no helper 7 - Complete independence with no helper CERT- PD (Comprehensive Evaluation in RT-Physical Disabilities) - Correct Answers - Purpose to establish baseline levels of pt. functional skills needed for leisure activities. Observational checklist & Evaluate adult in rehab programs 8 Areas:

  • Fine motor & Gross motor (weight bearing, neck control, lower extremity)
  • Locomotion (ambulation ability, w/c maneuverability, transfer ability, etc.)
  • Motor skills: Gross+ fine motor coordination, reaction to time
  • Sensory (visual, auditory, etc.)
  • Cognition (attention, memory, orientation)
  • Communication (verbal receptive + expressive skills, reading + write skills)
  • Behavior (adjustment to disability, social interaction frustration tolerance, emotions CERT- PB (Comprehensive Evaluation in RT - Psychiatric/ Behavioral - Correct Answers -Purpose to identification and evaluation of client behaviors related to applying appropriate social skills that will enable them to intergrade into society successfully.
  • Develop of adults who dx. w/ psychiatric disorders. 3 Areas of Performance:
  • General: appearance, attendance, attitude toward therapy
  • Individual performance: attention span, strength, endurance, decision-making, performance in free/organized activities
  • Group performance: group convers, leadership, responses to group structure BANDI-RT - Correct Answers -Buettner Assessment of Needs, Diagnoses, & Interests for Recreation Therapy in LTC: used with individuals who live in LTC setting, and it utilizes the MDS 3.0 as primary source, collects information relevant to recreation therapy, format for creating goals, interactions, AND recording outcomes. collection tool, no scoring. FACTR (Functional Assessment of Characteristics for TR) - Correct Answers -Examine basic functional skills for leisure involvement to determine whether a client qualifies for TR/RT services 3 Domain: physical, Cognitive, and Emotional/Social LDB (Leisure Diagnostic Battery) - Correct Answers -Measures leisure attitudes, control & playfulness •Short forms for adolescent and adult 5 Component: o perception of freedom in leisure o perceived leisure control o leisure needs o depth of involvement o playfulness LCM (Leisure Competence Measure) - Correct Answers -Defines as "Assessment summary", measures pt. outcomes based on FIM.
  • 7 level-point scale (on FIM): ranging from total independence to complete dependence
  • 8 Subsections: o Leisure awareness o Leisure attitudes o Leisure skills o Cultural/Social behaviors
  • used for people with dementia, mental retardation, D.D, or TBI (REDS) Recreation Early Development Screening Tool - Correct Answers -Assesses the developmental level of clients who are functioning at or below age 1. 5 Areas: 1) play, 2) fine motor, 3) gross motor, 4) sensory, and 5) social/cognition. Leisurescope Plus - Correct Answers -Identify areas of high leisure interest, emotional motivation for participation •For HIGHER AROUSAL EXPERIENCE (RISK TAKERS) •For adolescent and adult with high cognitive functions 9 Categories (game, art, music, etc.) •Pt. respond after viewing "collages"(pic car or cat)which one do they like better? LSS (Life Satisfaction Scale) - Correct Answers --Informs leisure attitudes and barriers. -Self-report for pt. w/ moderate- no cognitive impairments -Response to agree or disagree Five Dimensions of Satisfaction
  1. pleasure vs. apathy
  2. determination
  3. difference between desired & achieved goals
  4. mood at time of assessment 5) self concept ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association- Scale) - Correct Answers -Used to classify the severity (completeness) of injury in individuals with SCI. 0 (complete paralysis) - 5 (active movement against resistance) Identifies sensory motor level:
  • A → Complete: no motor and no sensory
  • B → Incomplete: has sensory, no motor function
  • C → Incomplete: had sensory, some motor but motor is not functional
  • D → Incomplete: has sensory, some motor and motor is functional
  • E → Normal sensory and motor findings GCS (Glascow Coma Scale) - Correct Answers -Measures depth of a coma for pt. w/ TBI 3 categories: eye opening (E), motor response (M), verbal response (V) •Rating 1- SCORE of GCS = E+M+V •Total score: 3-8 =severe , 9-12= moderate, 13-15= mild/absent

Rancho Los Amigoss - Correct Answers -For TBI: measures levels of awareness, cognition, behavior, interaction w/ environment.

  • 10 different levels of functioning
  • Level 1: No response/ total assist
  • Level 10: Purposeful, appropriate/ modified independent IRF-PAI (Impatient Rehabilitation Facility Patient Assessment Instrument) - Correct Answers -Measures functional ability in 18 areas using FIM
  • Computerized assessment summary tool gathers normative and dx data.
  • Created by CMS required for reimbursement. GDS (Global Deterioration Scale) - Correct Answers -Provide overview stages of cognitive function for those suffering from dementia. 7 different stages: (forgetfulness, early confessional, etc.)
  • Stages 1-3 pre-dementia
  • Stages 4-7 dementia stages (stage 5 individual no longer can survive w/out assistance)
  • Beginning in stage 5, an individual can no longer survive without assistance. Caregivers can get a rough idea of where an individual is at in the disease process by observing that individual's behavioral characteristics and comparing them to the GDS. GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning) - Correct Answers -Part of the DSM-IV axis 5 Scale for assessing impairment in patients with psychiatric disorder Uses 100-point scale (100 no symptoms- 1 danger/suicidal)
  • 100-90 Superior functioning w/ no symptoms
  • 90-81 Minimal symptoms
  • 80-71 Transient, expected reactant to stressors
  • 70-61 Some mild symptoms
  • 61-51 Moderate symptoms
  • 50-41 Serious symptoms
  • 40-31 Some communicative/reality-impairments
  • 30-21 Delusional, hallucinations, impaired judgment
  • 20-11 persistent danger of harming self/others
  • 10-1 Persistent danger of harming self/others/inability to maintain minimal hygiene/serious suicidal act MDS (Minimum Data Set) - Correct Answers -Long term care facilities whose resident receive Medicare or Medicaid benefits.
  • Conduct primary screenings and assessments of resident health status- preferences and TR/RT results
  • Determine and obtain reimbursement from Medicare and Medicaid
  • Used for assessment 5 days after resident admission, specific intervals and whenever changes in service occur. Mini Mental State Examination - Correct Answers -•Test for Dementia (include remembering
  • The Leisure Constraints Index (L-CON): assesses the degree of internal and external constraints that inhibit participation in leisure activities. The freedom to make choices and pursue activities of interest is fundamental to the experience of leisure. The L-CON provides a measure of the degree to which perceived freedom in leisure is blocked or constrained. (CIP) Community Integration Program - Correct Answers --based on the skills needed to function independently in the community -is a testing tool and a training protocol Resident Assessment Instrument - Correct Answers -Interdisciplinary instrument and care planning process, used in long-term care settings -Computerized database which allows the federal government track patient care 3 tx components: 1)MDS (test questions) 2)Triggers (scores that indicate need for further assess.)
  1. RAP's (resident assess. protocols- give guidelines for further assess.) MMPI - Correct Answers -Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Psych instrument use to assesses personality traits and psychopathology use to test people who are suspected of having mental health or other clinical issues.
  • provides a profile reflecting 9 dimensions of personality Social Attribute Checklist - Correct Answers -To measure attributes of a child's social behavior related to developmentally appropriate social competence. Functional Fitness Assessment - Correct Answers -To determine functional capacity of older adults relative to established age & sex related norms. 6 Areas:
  1. Chair Stand
  2. Arm Curl
  3. Two Minute Step Test
  4. Chair Sit and Reach
  5. Up and Go
  6. Back Scratch Test Reliability, Validity, Usability, and Practicability: - Correct Answers -Reliability: estimate of the consistency of result Validity: the extent to which the assessment meets its intended purpose Usability and Practicability: Involve whether the assessment is "do-able" as far as:
  • time constraints
  • ease of use
  • cost & availability
  • staff knowledge and ability

Medical charts or records - Correct Answers -Includes not only physiological illnesses, injury and conditions but also dx of mental health, personality analyses/ psychological profiles by psychologists.

  • Include social workers, family hx, developmental hx., financial status, needs, support networks, community resource, etc. Affective assessment - Correct Answers -Evaluates behaviors related to feelings, attitudes, and beliefs.
  • Overlaps with cognitive, behavioral, and social
  • Helps TRS discover the patient's attitude toward self
  • How do they express emotions?
  • Can they express anger appropriately? (1) Records: provide factual descriptions of incident, behaviors, and represent systematic ways collecting data. (2) Observations: Can be informal or formal. Cognitive Assessment - Correct Answers -memory, problem-solving, attention span, orientating, safety/awareness Sensory Assessment (vision, hearing, tactile) - Correct Answers -Vision assessment:
  • Normal vision 20/
  • legally blind 20/200 to 20/ Visual distortions and impairments:
  • Myopia: nearsightedness (see clearly near but not far)
  • Hyperopia: Farsightedness (see far but not near)
  • Astigmatism: blurred near n far vision
  • Presbyopia: aging-related farsightedness (loss of focus)
  • Bifocal vision: nearsighted people develop presbyopia Muscular imbalance:
  • Amblyopia "lazy eye" impaired binocular focusing
  • Strabismus "crossed eye"
  • Nystagmus rapid vertical and horizontal eye movement Genetic/ hereditary disorder:
  • Achromatic vision: color blindness
  • Albinism: lack of pigmentation
  • Retinitis pigmentosa: eyes' rod and cones fail to regenerate, causing tunnel vision
  • Cataracts: congenital or aging-related cloudiness Hearing:
  • 25-40dB slight hearing loss
  • 41-54dB mild
  • 55-69dB moderate
  • 70-89 severe hearing loss

Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing - Correct Answers -FORMING: During team-building stage, people try to avoid conflict and want to be accepted. They begin to assess the group and gather information. STORMING: Conflicts arise and can doom the group to failure without guidance toward compromise. NORMING: People develop a sense of trust and are able to communicate ideas and make progress toward an agreed-upon goal PERFORMING: Team members are able to carry out cooperative action to attain goals. Quality Measures - Correct Answers -Thresholds past indicating that there is a problem (based on interdisciplinary assessment) Quality Indicators: - Correct Answers -Flags that alert treatment team to assessment scores that may indicate a potential problem (based on interdisciplinary assessment)