NDFS 100 Final Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

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NDFS 100 Final Exam With 100% Correct

Answers 2024

Nutrition affects: - Correct Answer-1. Ability to get pregnant

2. Growth and health of fetus
3. Health of mother Stages of Embryonic and Fetal Development - Correct Answer-
4. Zygote
5. Embryonic Stage (3-8 weeks) (organs, digestive system, heartbeat)
6. Fetal stage (week 9 to birth) (period of rapid growth) Pregnancy timeline - Correct Answer-1. 40 weeks of pregnancy
7. Divided into thirds: Trimesters (each 13 weeks) Placenta - Correct Answer-1. Spongey tissue, fetal and maternal blood system cross
8. Picks up waste, nutrition

Nutrient needs during pregnancy: Energy and Protein - Correct Answer-Energy: Only 300 extra calories in 1st and 2nd trimesters (2nd and 3rd?) Protein: Only 15 extra grams per day Nutrient needs during pregnancy : Folate (vitamin) - Correct Answer-From 400 mcg to 600 mcg per day. Large increase in needs in the first 28 days. Anyone who could become pregnant should be taking folate. Deficient = neural tube defect/spina bifida. Better absorbed as a supplement Good sources of Folate:

1. Leafy green vegs
2. Enriched grains
3. Oranges/orange juice
4. Legumes Nutrient needs during pregnancy: Iron - Correct Answer-18 to 27 mg/day Prenatal vitamin mineral supplement

Weight gain during pregnancy - Correct Answer-If prepregnancy weight is... Underweight: gain 28-40 lb Healthy weight: gain 25-35 lb Overweight: gain 15-25 lb Obese: gain 11-20 lb **DON'T diet while pregnant!! Weight gain components - Correct Answer-1. Increase in breast size

2. Increase in fluid
3. Placenta
4. Increase in blood supply to placenta
5. Amniotic fluid
6. Infant at birth
7. Increase in size of uterus and supporting muscles
8. Mother's necessary fat stores

Risk associated with weight - Correct Answer-1. Underweight (pre-preg) or not gain enough weight during pregnancy: a. Unerweight baby born (<5.5 lbs) b. Increased likelihood of dying c. Increased chance of getting sick

2. Obese before pregnancy: a. Increased risk of heart or neural tube defect (and other problems) Harmful practices during pregnancy - Correct Answer-Timing of nutrient/substance intake:
3. Organ tissue development and timing
4. Critical periods
5. Things that can affect critical periods Alcohol and Pregnancy - Correct Answer-1. Goes right across the placenta
6. Limits oxygen to the fetus = brain impairment
7. Slows cell division - esp. brain
8. Affects nutrient transport

5. Damages both egg and sperm before pregnant Recommendation: NO ALCOHOL during pregnancy! Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - Correct Answer-1. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
6. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
7. Severe intellectual delays
8. Broad face and flat nose
9. Poor growth ALL PREVENTED BY NO ALCOHOL Other cautions during pregnancy - Correct Answer-1. Cigarette smoking (lower birth weight, recommendation: NONE)
10. Medicine and herbal supplement (check with doctor)

3. Caffeine (limit to < or = 200 mg/day, which is 2 cups of coffee/day)
4. Drugs of abuse (illegal to consume)
5. Environmental contaminants (Mercury-damage, Lead- damage)
6. Foodborne illness (pregnant women are a vulnerable population) a. NO unpasteurized milk/juice b. NO soft cheese (greek, bleu cheese) c. NO hot dogs or lunch meats unheated (b/c lysteria) d. NO rare steaks, sushi (must be thoroughly cooked) e. Wash all fruits and vegs Discomforts during pregnancy - Correct Answer-1. Nausea ("Morning sickness," but really at any time) Alleviate: small, frequent meals, eat slowly, sit up as eating, dry crackers or toast

2. Constipation Alleviate: Increase fiber (whole grains, vegs, fruits, legumes), enough water, exercise
3. Heartburn (GERD, acid reflex) Alleviate: eat smaller meals, beverages in between meals instead of with meals, sit up after eating, limit spicy and greasy/high fat foods Breastfeeding: Nutrition during lactation (Need lots of extra) - Correct Answer-Produce 25 oz of breast milk/day Extra Calories total: 500- Of these, the amount of calories consumed should be 150- because fat stores provide the other 300-400 calories. Breast milk - Correct Answer-1. Colostrum: First few days. Very high in antibodies, which help immune system and decrease chance of infection

2. Nutrient composition and Mom's diet: Always good quality usually, but restrictive diet reduces quantity of break milk (GOOD QUALITY, BUT LESS QUANTITY)
3. Flavors in milk: Mom's diet CAN change flavor! Benefits of breast feeding versus human milk substitute (packet S-13 lists them specifically) - Correct Answer-1. Psychological
4. Nutritional
5. Maternal Health
6. Infant Health
7. Economic
8. Environmental Psychological benefits of Breastfeeding - Correct Answer-1. Bonding with early infant contact
9. The unique composition of human milk (such as the fatty acid composition) plays an important role in neuropsychological development).

Nutritional benefits of Breastfeeding - Correct Answer-1. Provides optimal nutrition

2. Appropriate balance of nutrients
3. Easily digestible and increased bioavailability Maternal Health benefits of Breastfeeding - Correct Answer-1. Early effects: decreased risk of hemorrhage after delivery and stress reduction
4. Lactation amenorrhea (promotes increased birth space which may enhance maternal health, however, it is not a reliable form of birth control)
5. Decreases risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and for breast and ovarian cancers
6. Promotes bone remineralization to levels exceeding those present before lactation
7. Increases energy expenditure for faster return to prepregnancy weight
8. Decreases postpartum depression Infant Health benefits of Breastfeeding - Correct Answer-1. Break milk is sterile
9. Protective properties (including immunoglobulins, specific T- and B- lymphcytes, nonspecific macrophages and

neutrophils) lower risk for respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses

3. Factors (such as lactoferrin and Vitamin B12-binding proteins) promote a healthy intestinal flora
4. Protective against allergies and food intolerances
5. Provides appetite-regulating hormones
6. Reduces risk of preterm infants developing necrotizing enterocolitis (infection.inflammation that destroys the intestinal wall)
7. Reduces risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Possibly reduces risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus, celiac disease, asthma, and development of obesity
8. Enhances cognitive development Economic benefits of Breastfeeding - Correct Answer-1. Decreased risk of respiratory tract infections, otitis media (ear infections), gastrointestinal illnesses, and neonatal deaths
9. Economic Research Service of USDA estimated in 2009 a minimum savings of $3.6 billion if breastfeeding rates increased from the 2009 rates to those recommended by the US Surgeon General.

3. Reduced risk for chronic disease (obesity, type 1 and 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and childhood leukemia) Environmental - Correct Answer-1. No packaging, no disposal of empty packages
4. Breast milk is a natural resource renewable with each pregnancy. How long to breastfeed? - Correct Answer-Exclusively breastfeed for first 6 months Breastfeed for at least 12 months, but can go as long as you want (no rule about stopping from a medical standpoint) Add some solid foods at 6 months Amount produced depends on baby's demand Contradictions to Breastfeeding - Correct Answer-1. Alcohol and illicit drugs
5. Tobacco and caffeine (small amounts OK)

3. Medications (check with pharmacists)
4. Environmental pollutants (not too much of an issue in US)
5. Illness (OK if just cold or flu)
6. HIV-infected women (HIV virus can pass through breast milk) Alternative to breastfeeding - Correct Answer-1. Commercial infant formula (mimmicks breast milk) (NOT cow's milk, almond milk, etc.)
7. Often needed for premature babies Q1 TRUE about iron during pregnancy - Correct Answer-Iron supplements are needed and the body conserves iron even more than usual (NOT absorption of iron decreases) Q2 Inadequate weight gain during pregnancy may cause - Correct Answer-Low birth weight baby with health problems Q3 To minimize heartburn during pregnancy: - Correct Answer-Avoid greasy, spicy foods

(NOT eating less frequently, drinking liquids with meals, or exercise (that is for constipation)) Q4 Effect of maternal nutritional deprivation during lactation - Correct Answer-Deprivation decreases amount of milk she produces (AFFECTS QUANTITY, NOT QUALITY) Q5 NOT a benefit of breastfeeding to the child? - Correct Answer-Better sleep for the child Q6 ARE benefits of breastfeeding for the child? - Correct Answer-Protect against infection, optimum nutrition, and fewer allergies) Solid foods and infant development - Correct Answer-O- Months: breast milk/infant formula 4-6 Months: Babies turn heads (tongue thrust, excrusion reflex diminishes at 4 months). Open mouths, lean forward, and sit up with support = developmentally ready for food. Some start solids like *Puree and watery foods and iron-

fortified cereals at 6 months*. (Fruits, vegs, cereals, rice, meats) 6-8 Months: Babies grab things, adjust texture to smooth/mashed, no more than 4-6 oz of fruit juice/day 8-10 Months: Grab food, hold things, add breads, pasta, cereals, chopped meats, yogruts 10-12 Months: Table food, master spoons (spill a lot), add varety and texture. **NO Cow's Milk until 1 year old Supplements for Baby - Correct Answer-1. Vitamin D (Only nutrient NOT provided by breast milk) (A liquid drop not a pill)

2. Iron (babies have 4-6 months of iron stores, Iron-foritifed baby cereals at 4-6 months, Add iron into diet at 6 months
3. Fluoride (If low in water supply at 6 months)

4. First born, get shot of Vitamin K to help with blood clotting Food Allergies - Correct Answer-Single-ingredient foods (NOT a mixture) One at a time Small portions 4-5 days before introducing next food Breast fed babies have less incidences of allergies than formula-fed babies 1 year olds - Correct Answer-We can eat most foods at 1 year old, such as cow's milk and honey Early Childhood Carries - Correct Answer-"Baby/Nursing Bottle Mouth" Constant exposure of baby's mouth to food

Prevent: Never put baby to sleep with bottle in mouth, Don't give them a sippy cup to walk around with, Brush teeth- baby toothpaste/tooth brush Childhood (up to 18 or 20) Obesity - Correct Answer-BMI percentile (NOT same as adults) Growth cohorts up to age 20 Calculate the same, but plot on growth chart using percentile Obesity=95th percentile or higher Data set collected in 2000 Disease associated with obesity - Correct Answer-1. Type 2 diabetes

2. Atherosclerosis
3. High cholesterol
4. High blood pressure

Obesity Prevention and Treatment: Nutrition - Correct Answer-1. Eat breakfast every day

2. Eat more vegs and fruits (esp veg.)
3. Limit sugar-sweetened drinks like soda pops, energy drinks, gatorade, powerade
4. Limit frequency of meals outside home Obesity Prevention and Treatment: Physical Activity - Correct Answer-1. Active 60 mins a day
5. No more than 2 hours screen time daily (excluding homework) Obesity Prevention and Treatment: Behavior - Correct Answer-1. Family meals 5-6 times a week
6. Get enough sleep, but not too much (teens 9-10 hours)
7. Parent model good behaviors
8. Make changes as a family LS Q1 If folate is missing in the first few weeks of pregnancy, what may be the outcome? - Correct Answer-The baby may have a neural tube defect (Yes, the neural tube closes in the

first few weeks of pregnancy. If folate is missing during this time, the baby may be born with a neural tube defect.) LS Q2 Which statement is accurate about energy and nurtrient needs during pregnancy? - Correct Answer-High nutrient requirements during pregnancy leave little room for empty calories so eating a balanced diet is important. (NOT eating for two so eat twice as much, energy dense foods like extra desserts, or protein supplements) LS Q3 What would be the most likely outcome for proper weight gain during pregnancy? - Correct Answer-Decreased risk of surgical birth (NOT a low birthweight baby, increased milk production for breastfeeding, or newborn baby more likely to sleep through the night) LS Q4 How much weight should a woman gain during pregnancy if she was overweight before pregnancy? - Correct Answer-15-25 lbs

LS Q5 Which is recommended to minimize morning sickness? - Correct Answer-Eat dry toast or crackers in the morning (Yes, eating soda crackers or other salty foods in the morning can help some women minimize morning sickness). (NOT using laxative, eating large meals when you don't have nausea, or smelling foods with strong odors) LS Q6 Which will best relieve constipation during pregnancy? - Correct Answer-Consuming high fiber foods and plentiful water intake (NOT the use of mineral oil) LS Q7 In addition to providing optimum nutrition, which is a benefit of breastfeeding to the child? - Correct Answer- Reduced risk of infection (NOT decreased preference for sweet foods, increased weight gain, or sleeping through the night) LS Q8 The amount of breast milk a woman produces primarily depends on: - Correct Answer-The infant's demand

(NOT fluid intake, exercise habits, or the infant's weight) What is the recommended age for introducing solid foods to infants? - Correct Answer-4-6 months (Yes, the AAP supports exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months but recognizes that infants are often ready to accept some solid foods between 4- 6 months old.) LS Q10 Which of the following recommendations is most appropriate to help a 6 year old obese boy prevent weight gain? - Correct Answer-He should carry a refillable water bottle with him to drink instead of soft drinks. (NOT the parent should place him on a weight-reduction diet, he should skip breakfast to decrease daily caloric intake, or the parent should eliminate all snacks from his diet).