Neurological Disorders: Headaches, Seizures, and Traumatic Brain Injuries, Exams of Neurology

Download Neurological Disorders: Headaches, Seizures, and Traumatic Brain Injuries and more Exams Neurology in PDF only on Docsity! 1 / 10 Alterations in Neurologic Function Study Questions 1.Headache that presents as mild/moderate pain on both sides of the head, and a band like pressure around the head: tension headache 2.Headache that is pain on one side of the head behind the eye, nasal con- gestion, eyelid/facial swelling, tears, eye drooping: cluster headache 3.Migraine Phases: Prodromal: light/sound/color sensitivity, fatigue, yawning, food cravings, thirst, constipation or diarrhea Aura: tunnel vision/complete blindness, heaviness in limbs, tingling sensation in face limbs Headache: N/V, photophobia, phonophobia, rhinorrhea, lachrymation, loss of ap- petite, fatigue Postdromal (migraine hangover): pain with movement, exhausttion, dizziness, diffi- culty concentrating, euphoric feeling, 4.Medicines for acute headache: analgesics: nsaids/aspirin/acetaminophen triptan s IV fluids parenteral steroids 5.diet for headache/migraine prone pt's: avoid: aged cheese meat w/ nitrites pickled foods aspartame MSG 6.most common cause of seizure: infection I.E: encephalitis or meningitis 2 / 10 7.What stage of the seizure includes anxiety, confusion, mood changes, and difficulty sleeping: prodromal 8.Which stage of a seizure includes experiencing strange tastes, smells, feelings, Deja vu, or over excitement. This stage also happens in 65% of epileptic patients: early ictal phase aka: aura phase 9.Which phase of a seizure shows the actual seizure happening: ictal phase 10.What type of seizure affects both sides of the brain: generalized onset 11.Which type of seizure affects children more than adults and causes the pt to lose muscle tone and just fall and lose consciousness: atonic 12.This type of seizure does not cause the pt to lose full consciousness and they are actually partially aware. They have little jerks/muscle contractions: - myoclonic 13.Which classification are absence seizures (just when awareness is altered and then comes back, there is no jerking): generalized onset 14.which seizure classification includes the pt still having awareness or impaired awareness. They have not gone fully unconscious: focal onset 15.seizure that only affects one side of the brain: focal onset 16.seizure lasting 5 minutes or more or recurrent seizures: status epilepticus 17.Phase where pt is recovering from seizure and it lasts 5-30 minutes, they may be confused/fatigued/have a headache/etc: post ictal phase 18.Scans that need to be done following a seizure: MRI CT EEG (also can be used for epilepsy) 19.Labs/Tests used to find the etiology/reasoning behind a seizure: Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) prolactin level CBC BMP toxicology 20.What should use assess in the postictal phase (when the seizure has ended): gag reflex 5 / 10 distur- bances headache s dizziness 45.how does head injury affect sleep: trouble falling asleep drowsiness sleeping more or less than usual 46.what should we look for physically in a nuero exam that could evidence a head trauma: edema ecchymosis(bruisi ng) lacerations 6 / 10 47.head injury domains: affective/emotional cognitive physical/somatic sleep 48.does mild head injuries have loss of consciousness: no only moderate to severe 49.long term findings of someone who has had a head injury: agnosia (cannot recognize familiar objects) memory loss aphasia ataxia agraphia (cannot express thoughts through writing) alexia (inability to read) anosmia (loss od smell) weak limbs loss of balance 50.How to tell if there is increased cranial pressure in infants: anterior fontanel is bulging 51.Abusive head trauma in kids will often show as: ecchymosis (bruising) around eyes or ears and csf may be leaking from nose or ears 52.main sx of subdural hematoma: persistent headache other sx: slurred speech 7 / 10 unilateral weakness disorientation n/v 10 / facial expression changes walking changes: stage 1 67.Which stage of parkinsons? bilateral tremors posture changes uncoordinated: stage 2 68.Stage 3, 4, and 5 of parkinsons all includes bilateral tremors but what are the differences between them movement wise: stage 3: balance worsens and movements continue to slow down. still can walk on their own now stage 4: ambulate with cane/walker now stage 5: wheelchair or bed bound 69.There is no test that can diagnose parkinsons but there are tests that can rule out similar diagnoses. What would those be: MRI DaT scan blood work 70.Main cause of death in parkisons pt's: pneumonia caused by aspiration due to dysphasia 71.How should you make the atmosphere for a parkinsons pt: speak in a calm voice calm music may help minimize loud noises use concrete words 72.Since GI tract is slowed with parkinsons, which bowel alteration will they experience: constipation 73.How to help parkinsons pt with swallowing: eat small, frequent meals 11 / sit up straight during meals remain in upright posistion 30 mins after meals liquids should be thickened 74.How will a parkinsons pt neck and back feel and how will their posture be: slumped posture 12 / stiff neck and back 75.parkinsons meds: carbidopa/levodopa 76.#1 cause of peripheral neuropathy: diabetes 77.what country does peripheral neuropathy occur the most: southeast asia 78.risk factors for peripheral neuropathy: BMI smoking education level peripheral artery disease 79.what race/gender is at higher risk for peripheral neuropathy: black males 80.Sjogren's syndrome lupus rhueumatoid arthritis guillian barre syndrome diabetes lyme disease epstein barr virus hypothyroidism myleoma lymphoma these conditions all cause nerve damage, what condition could they cause: - peripheral neuropathy 81.motor manifestations of peripheral nueoropathy: foot drop difficulty moving toes weakness in hands muscle atrophy 82.sensory nerve damage presents as: tingling/numbness impaired balance/coordination decreased lower extremity sensation 83.With peripheral neuropathy, this affects their autonomic nervous system (the stuff your body is consciously supposed to do) what can this look like: this affects breathing 15 / 87.How will a subdural hematoma patients pupil respond to light: It will dilate or stay the same 16 / It doesn't constrict like it should 88.Subdural hematoma causes hemiparesis or hemiplegia: Hemiparesis Just weakness 89.Priorities when monitoring coma and SDH pt's: Preventing secondary injury Monitoring for changes in neuro status