Neuroscience and Psychology: Exploring the Brain and Behavior, Exams of Nursing

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PYSC 1101-Openstax Chapter 3

QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT

ANSWERS

Which of the following imaging techniques does not collect information about brain functioning? -

CORRECT ANSWER -computerized tomography (CT) scan

The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be

________ - CORRECT ANSWER -fast; long lasting

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of _____. -

CORRECT ANSWER -chromosomes; DNA

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________. -

CORRECT ANSWER -depression

Which of the following is not a limbic system structure? - CORRECT ANSWER -substantia nigra

A difference in ________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives. -

CORRECT ANSWER -genetics

Agonists bind to ________ and antagonists bind to ________. - CORRECT ANSWER -receptors;

receptors

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally

thought of as conscious or voluntary. - CORRECT ANSWER -somatic

Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response? - CORRECT ANSWER -running

away

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression? - CORRECT ANSWER -dopamine;

norepinephrine

Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus? - CORRECT ANSWER -Smell

Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely

behavioral effect of his accident? - CORRECT ANSWER -no sensation in his legs and feet

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire.

Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting? - CORRECT ANSWER -

hypothalamus Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a "tracer" and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this

study? - CORRECT ANSWER -positron emission tomography (PET)

Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________. - CORRECT ANSWER -

the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about

which images shown to ________. - CORRECT ANSWER -only the right visual field

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are

maintained at optimal levels. - CORRECT ANSWER -homeostasis

A ________ scan involves taking a number of x-rays of a particular section of a person's body or brain. -

CORRECT ANSWER -computerized tomography (CT) scan

Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ________ balance -

CORRECT ANSWER -neurotransmitter

The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive

and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off - CORRECT

ANSWER -evolution by natural selection

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________. - CORRECT ANSWER -spinal

cord

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________. - CORRECT ANSWER -

temperature, touch, and pain

The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia. - CORRECT ANSWER -billions

________ is a midbrain structure critical to movement. - CORRECT ANSWER -the ventral tegmental

area The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control

balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills. - CORRECT ANSWER -cerebellum

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of

the nervous system. - CORRECT ANSWER -terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER -

Broca's area

The ________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system. - CORRECT

ANSWER -pituitary

Which of the following senses is associated with the temporal lobe? - CORRECT ANSWER -audition

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to

contract. - CORRECT ANSWER -parasympathetic

The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron. -

CORRECT ANSWER -resting potential

Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem

functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish? - CORRECT ANSWER -

groan and move her eyes Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the

human brain. - CORRECT ANSWER -folds; grooves

Twin boys both have a gene associated with aggressive tendencies. What is the most likely outcome to

be observed in their behavior as they grow up? - CORRECT ANSWER -It is not possible to determine

the twins' behaviors based on having this single gene

Which of the following is not a forebrain structure? - CORRECT ANSWER -Pons

The ________ is located deep within the brain, and it includes structures such as the substantia nigra

and ventral tegmental area. - CORRECT ANSWER -Midbrain

________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function. -

CORRECT ANSWER -lateralization

_______ is a midbrain structure critical to movement. - CORRECT ANSWER -the ventral tegmental

area

The space between two neurons is called the ________. - CORRECT ANSWER -Synapse

____ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

• CORRECT ANSWER -action potential Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which

led to brain injury? - CORRECT ANSWER -Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific

brain areas are linked to particular behaviors Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is

responsible for ________ memories. - CORRECT ANSWER -limbic system; emotional

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy's ________

must be ________ and her father's must be Bb. - CORRECT ANSWER -genotype; bb

Clive Wearing could remember which of the following types of memory? - CORRECT ANSWER -how

to play the piano

Which type of chemical messenger do the male gonads secrete? - CORRECT ANSWER -androgens