CNPR Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Occupational therapy

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How are drugs sorted into therapeutic groups and classes?

• First by conditions that they are used to treat, and then by their mechanisms of action
• First by their mechanisms of action, and then their therapeutic effects
• First by their side effects, and then by their therapeutic effects
• First by their toxicity, and then by their effectiveness - correct answer
• First by their mechanisms of action, and then their therapeutic effects (Cam) Bone marrow transplants...
• ...Require that the patient first undergo chemotherapy or radiation to kill the diseased stem cells and promote white blood cell production
• ...Are type of stem cell therapy, unless patient's own cells are reinjected.
• ...Are always a type of stem cell therapy
• ...Can help people with leukemia, a condition in which the body does not produce enough white blood cells - correct answer - ...Can help people with leukemia, a condition in which the body does not produce enough white blood cells (Cam)
• ...Require that the patient first undergo chemotherapy or radiation to kill the diseased stem cells and promote white blood cell production (Correct)

What does AMA stand for?

• American Medical Academy
• American Medical Accreditation
• American Medical Association
• Association of Medical Assistants - correct answer - American Medical Association (Cam) What section of a drug's package insert describes situations in which the drug should not be used because the risks outweigh the therapeutic benefits?
• Adverse reactions
• Contraindications
• Overdosage
• Warning/precautions - correct answer - Contraindications (Cam) What is tertiary care?
• Adding medications together to achieve a better clinical effect
• Highly specialized medical and surgical care provided by a large medical center for unusual or complex medical problems

• Receiving medical or surgical care that does not require an overnight stay in the treatment facility
• Seeing a physician for routine checkups and general healthcare - correct answer - Highly specialized medical and surgical care provided by a large medical center for unusual or complex medical problems (Cam) Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in the classic approach to brand development strategy covered in your manual?
• Brand personality
• Brand positioning
• Brand quality
• Brand values - correct answer - Brand personality (Cam)
• Brand quality (Correct) "Brand quality" is NOT one of the stages in the classic approach to brand development strategy covered in your manual. The classic approach typically focuses on elements like brand personality, brand positioning, and brand values to establish and develop a brand's identity and presence in the market. "Brand quality" may be an implicit aspect of a brand's image, but it's not typically considered a distinct stage in brand development strategy. What are vasodilators used to do?

• Decrease vascular resistance and increase blood flow
• Mimic pathogens to stimulate the immune system
• Narrow the blood vessels
• Stimulate the CNS to make the heart beat faster - correct answer - Decrease vascular resistance and increase blood flow (Cam) What is the name of the condition that occurs after a specific dose of a drug is given at such regular intervals that absorption and elimination (and therefore drug plasma concentration) have become fairly constant?
• Homeostasis
• Steady rate
• Titration
• Tolerance - correct answer - Steady rate (Cam) The condition that occurs after a specific dose of a drug is given at such regular intervals that absorption and elimination (and therefore drug plasma concentration) have become fairly constant is referred to as "steady state."

Homeostasis, in medical terms, refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable and balanced internal environment despite external changes and fluctuations. It involves various physiological processes and mechanisms that regulate factors such as temperature, blood pressure, pH, and the concentration of various substances within the body. Homeostasis is essential for the proper functioning of bodily systems and is critical for overall health. When homeostasis is disrupted, it can lead to various medical conditions and imbalances. (Equilibrium) Which statement is TRUE about ocular administration?

• Ocular administration is primarily for drugs that must cross the blood- brain barrier
• Ocular administration is used primarily to treat the eye
• Ocular administration is used when a drug must enter the bloodstream immediately
• Ocular administration is used when a drug must produce immediate effects on the brain or spinal cord - correct answer - Ocular administration is used primarily to treat the eye (Cam) Which entity/entities invest the most money in pharmaceutical R&D?
• Canadian pharmaceutical companies
• The NIH
• The U.S. Government

• U.S. Pharmaceutical companies - correct answer - U.S. Pharmaceutical companies (Cam) How are most drugs excreted?
• Via the bloodstream
• Via the heart
• Via the kidneys
• Via the skin - correct answer - Via the kidneys (Cam) Over the last few decades, what has happened to legal limitations on sales' reps discussions about "off-label" uses?
• Limitations have decreased
• Limitations have increased significantly
• Limitations have increased slightly
• Limitations have remained the same - correct answer - Limitations have decreased (Cam)
• Limitations have increased significantly (Correct) Over the last few decades, legal limitations on sales representatives' discussions about "off-label" uses have generally increased significantly. The promotion of off-label uses, which refers to the practice of marketing a drug for purposes not approved by regulatory agencies

(such as the FDA in the United States), has faced greater scrutiny and regulation. This increased regulation is primarily aimed at ensuring the safety and effectiveness of pharmaceutical products and protecting patients from potentially harmful or ineffective uses of medications. Various legal and regulatory changes have been put in place to address and restrict off-label marketing practices in the pharmaceutical industry. According to your manual, which of the following is an example of a branding "fundamental"?

• The brand logo
• The brand name
• The brand packaging
• The brand promise - correct answer - The brand packaging (Cam) What does it mean if two drugs are "at parity"?
• Both drugs are essentially in a neutral position
• Both drugs are generics
• Both drugs have exclusive preferred status
• The two drugs are bioequivalent - correct answer - The two drugs are bioequivalent (Cam)
• Both drugs are essentially in a neutral position (Correct)

If two drugs are "at parity," it means that both drugs are essentially in a neutral position. They are considered equivalent or equal in terms of their status within a formulary or treatment options. This typically implies that there is no preferential or exclusive status for either drug, and they are treated as equally viable options. In summary, "at parity" means that there is no significant distinction or preference between the two drugs in a given context. Who is the most likely to benefit from electronic sampling programs?

• Everyone would benefit equally from electronic sampling programs
• Physicians in hospitals who are too busy to see representatives
• Physicians in rural areas who are not as frequently visited by representatives
• Physicians in urban areas who are too busy to see representatives - correct answer - Everyone would benefit equally from electronic sampling programs (Cam) When referring to medication dosage, which abbreviation means "one- half":
• MS
• OH

- SM

• SS - correct answer - SM (Cam)
• SS (Correct) The abbreviation "SS" is used to mean "one-half" when referring to medication dosage. It stands for "semis," which is a Latin term for "half." So, when you see "SS" in medication instructions, it means you should take or administer half of the specified dosage. What is internist?
• A physician who practices internal medicine
• A physician's intern
• A type of oncologist who specializes in chemotherapy
• An internal sales representative - correct answer - A physician who practices internal medicine (Cam) An internist is a physician who practices internal medicine. Internal medicine is a medical specialty that focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of adult diseases and disorders, particularly those related to internal organs. Internists are often referred to as "doctors for adults" and provide comprehensive medical care to adult patients, managing a wide range of health conditions and illnesses. They are skilled in diagnosing complex medical problems and coordinating care for their patients.

Which of the following is a type of white blood cell?

• Erythrocytes
• Insulin
• Lymphocytes
• MHCs - correct answer - Lymphocytes (Cam) Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell. White blood cells, or leukocytes, play a crucial role in the body's immune system and help defend against infections and diseases. Lymphocytes are a specific subtype of white blood cells that are primarily responsible for the immune response and include T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. They are involved in identifying and attacking pathogens, producing antibodies, and regulating the immune response. Why are novice sales representatives often placed in charge of negotiating MCO formularies?
• To become more familiar with the healthcare industry
• To become more familiar with their territories
• P&T committees are more receptive to new faces

• They are not. This job is usually reserved for more experienced reps - correct answer - They are not. This job is usually reserved for more experienced reps (Cam) What distinguishes pharmacodynamics from pharmacokinetics?
• Pharmacodynamics studies a drug's ex vivo effects
• Pharmacodynamics studies how drugs affect the body
• Pharmacodynamics studies the how the body affects drugs
• Pharmacodynamics studies the time required for a drug's absorption - correct answer - Pharmacodynamics studies how drugs affect the body (Cam) What proportion of the drugs tested on human subjects are eventually approved by the FDA?
• About 20%
• About 60%
• About 70%
• About 95% - correct answer - About 20% (Cam) According to a study discussed in your manual, how do most physicians prefer to receive their drug samples?

• By borrowing them from hospitals
• By ordering them over the internet
• By trading them for services
• Directly from sales representatives - correct answer - Directly from sales representatives (Cam) Which of the following is an example of a "central" value?
• "I buy Advil to show that I'm a modern consumer"
• "I like Advil because we were both born in the 80s"
• "I prefer Advil because I like the flavor"
• "I prefer Advil because it's easier to swallow" - correct answer - "I prefer Advil because it's easier to swallow" (Cam) "I prefer Advil because it's easier to swallow" is an example of a "central" value. Central values are core, functional benefits or reasons that drive consumer preferences and influence their choices. In this case, the ease of swallowing the medication is a practical, functional benefit that can be a central factor in a consumer's decision to choose Advil over other pain relief options. The other options provided are not central values; they are more likely to be peripheral or superficial reasons for choosing a product. Which of the following specialists likely has the MOST emergency calls?

• Cardiology
• Psychiatry
• Urology
• All specialists have the same number of emergency calls - correct answer - Cardiology (Cam) The specialist likely to have the MOST emergency calls is Cardiology. Cardiologists deal with heart-related conditions, and heart-related emergencies are relatively common, making cardiology a specialty with a higher likelihood of receiving emergency calls. While other specialists may also encounter emergencies, cardiology often deals with critical and life-threatening cardiac events. Psychiatry and urology may have emergencies, but the volume of emergency calls is typically higher for specialties like cardiology in a medical context. What affects the rate of active transport?
• The availability of carriers, but not energy
• The availability of energy, but not carriers
• The availability of carriers and energy
• Neither the availability of carriers nor the availability of energy - correct answer - The availability of energy, but not carriers (Cam)
• The availability of carriers and energy (Correct)

The rate of active transport is primarily affected by the availability of carriers and energy. Active transport processes in cells require the presence of specific carrier proteins (often referred to as pumps or transporters) in the cell membrane and the expenditure of energy, typically in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These carrier proteins actively move ions or molecules against their concentration gradient, which is why they require energy to function. The availability of carriers is essential because they facilitate the transport process, and energy is needed to power the transport against the concentration gradient. Over the last few decades, what has happened to the FDA approval time for new drugs?

• It has been lengthened to ensure safer drug products
• It has been lengthened to limit DTC marketing
• It has been shortened to improve drug quality
• It has been shortened to reduce the cost of new drug development - correct answer - It has been lengthened to ensure safer drug products (Cam) Which of the following would NOT help improve compliance?
• Patients liking their providers

• Patients using only one pharmacist
• Pharmacists understanding how generics differ from brand name drugs
• Support groups - correct answer - Support groups (Cam)
• Patients using only one pharmacist (Correct) "Patients using only one pharmacist" is the option that would NOT help improve compliance. In fact, using only one pharmacist may not necessarily improve medication compliance. Medication compliance, which involves patients taking their medications as prescribed, can be influenced by various factors, including patient-provider relationships, knowledge about medications, and support systems. Which entity chooses a drug's trade name?
• The drug's inventor
• The drug's manufacturer
• The FDA
• The United States Pharmaceutical Council - correct answer - The drug's manufacturer (Cam) What type of stem cells are obtained from embryos and can develop into any cell type?

• Multipotent
• Pluripotent
• Totipotent
• All stem cells can develop into any cell - correct answer - Totipotent (Cam)
• Pluripotent (Correct) Stem cells obtained from embryos that can develop into any cell type are known as pluripotent stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types but are not capable of giving rise to an entire organism. They are more limited in their developmental potential compared to totipotent cells, which can give rise to all cell types, including those needed to form a complete organism, or an individual. Multipotent stem cells, on the other hand, can differentiate into a limited range of cell types within a particular tissue or organ. Totipotent stem cells are cells that have the capacity to self-renew by dividing and to develop into the three primary germ cell layers of the early embryo and into extra-embryonic tissues such as the placenta. As the price a patient pays for a prescription increases, what happens to the likelihood that the patient will fill it?
• It decreases
• It increases

• It remains unaffected because the prescription is needed
• It remains unaffected because the prescription's increased cost is offset by its perceived value - correct answer - It decreases (Cam) Most voluntary movements come from which type of muscle tissue?
• Cardiac and smooth
• Only skeletal
• Skeletal and cardiac
• Skeletal and smooth - correct answer - Cardiac and smooth (Cam)
• Only skeletal (Correct) Most voluntary movements come from skeletal muscle tissue. Skeletal muscles are the primary type of muscle tissue responsible for conscious, voluntary movements, such as walking, running, lifting objects, and many other activities that we control intentionally. Smooth muscles and cardiac muscles, which make up the walls of internal organs and the heart, respectively, are not typically under conscious control and are responsible for involuntary movements and functions in the body. Which of the following is NOT one of the body's major organ systems?
• The cardiovascular system

• The cellular system
• The gastrointestinal system
• The musculoskeletal system - correct answer - The cellular system (Cam) How do most drugs exert their primary physiological effects?
• By activating synapses between different types of tissues
• By binding to cell receptors that are sensitive to their presence
• By inhibiting synapses between different types of tissues
• Through genetic mutation - correct answer - By binding to cell receptors that are sensitive to their presence (Cam) Most drugs exert their primary physiological effects by binding to cell receptors that are sensitive to their presence. These drug-receptor interactions can either activate or inhibit specific cellular processes or signaling pathways, leading to the desired therapeutic effects or the suppression of certain biological functions. What is the most reliable source of information for determining therapeutically equivalent drug products?
• AMA guide
• Blue book

• FDA drug list
• Orange book - correct answer - Orange book (Cam) What does "Subcutaneous" mean?
• Beneath the intervention
• Beneath the muscle tissue
• Beneath the skin
• Beneath the suture - correct answer - Beneath the skin What should a sales representative do if all of the prime spaces in a drug cabinet are occupies?
• Ask staff for permission to move some of the other products in the cabinet
• Ask staff for permission to throw away expired products in the cabinet
• Ask the doctor if he still needs some of the other products in the cabinet
• Surreptitiously move your largest competitors' products out of the way
• correct answer - Ask staff for permission to move some of the other products in the cabinet (Cam) Which of the following testing methods in not commonly used for Allergy Testing?

• Prick test
• Urine test
• Intradermal test
• Patch test - correct answer - Urine test (Cam) The FDA defines API as the active ______ ingredient in a drug, which produces the desired change in the body
• Pharmaceutical
• Positive
• Potent
• Primary - correct answer - Pharmaceutical (Cam) What are the 2 legal classifications of wholesalers?
• Distributors and supply chains
• Pharmacists and NAMs
• Primary and secondary wholesale distributors
• Retailers and institutions - correct answer - Primary and secondary wholesale distributors (Cam)

What term describes the usage of a medication for purposes other than the FDA-approved indications on the labeling?

• Contraindicative indication
• Off-indication usage
• Off-label usage
• Secondary indication - correct answer - Off-label usage (Cam) What is the acronym for pharmacokinetics?
• KN
• PC
• PK
• pT - correct answer - PK (Cam) Which of the following is not a purpose of the Arthrocentesis diagnostic test?
• To aid in the diagnosis of certain joint disorders
• To determine the cause of joint inflammation or effusion
• To look for crystals in joint fluid
• To monitor joint density - correct answer - To monitor joint density (Cam)

To monitor joint density is not a typical purpose of the arthrocentesis diagnostic test. Arthrocentesis, also known as joint aspiration, is a medical procedure where a needle is inserted into a joint to withdraw synovial fluid. The primary purposes of arthrocentesis are: To aid in the diagnosis of certain joint disorders, such as infections, inflammatory conditions, or autoimmune diseases. To determine the cause of joint inflammation or effusion (accumulation of excess fluid in the joint). To look for crystals in joint fluid, which can be indicative of conditions like gout or pseudogout. What is typically NOT a characteristic of a pharmaceutical sales rep?

• Pharmaceutical sales reps are authentic and real
• Pharmaceutical sales reps are creative
• Pharmaceutical sales reps are focused
• Pharmaceutical sales reps are not concerned about competitors - correct answer - Pharmaceutical sales reps are not concerned about competitors (Cam) What entity grants drug patents?
• FDA

• The FDA if the drug is over-the-counter and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office if the drug is prescription
• The FDA if the drug is prescription and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office if the drug is over-the-counter
• The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office - correct answer - The FDA if the drug is over-the-counter and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office if the drug is prescription (Cam)
• The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (Correct) The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is the entity responsible for granting drug patents. The USPTO is in charge of granting patents for various inventions, including pharmaceutical products. These patents provide inventors and companies with exclusive rights to make, use, and sell their inventions for a specified period, which can be important for protecting the intellectual property of new drugs and innovations in the pharmaceutical industry. The FDA, on the other hand, is responsible for regulating the safety and efficacy of drugs and approving them for marketing in the United States. Which of the following refers to all active and inert pharmaceutical ingredients in a drug, including fillers and colors?
• Formulation
• Mycoplasma
• Peptide

• Saccharide - correct answer - Formulation (Cam) What is the difference between potency and efficacy?
• Doctors prefer more potent drugs
• Drug manufacturers prefer more potent drugs
• Potency refers to the drug's effectiveness, while efficacy refers to its strength
• Potency refers to the drugs strength, while efficacy refers to its effectiveness - correct answer - Potency refers to the drugs strength, while efficacy refers to its effectiveness (Cam) The neurological examination is a series of simple questions and tests that provide crucial information about the nervous system. It is an inexpensive, non-invasive way to determine what might go wrong. The neurological examination is divided into several components. Which of the below is not one of them?
• Mental status
• Cranial nerves
• Sensory system
• Heart rate - correct answer - Cranial nerves (Cam)
• Heart rate (Correct)

How many names must a drug have?

• At most three
• At least three
• At most five
• At least five - correct answer - At least three (Cam) How has a longer development time increased the cost of bringing a new drug to market?
• By decreasing patient attrition
• By decreasing the cost of capital
• By increasing the cost of capital
• By increasing the number of product recalls - correct answer - By increasing the cost of capital (Cam) Senior citizens consume over _____ times as many pharmaceuticals as people under 65
• Three
• Five
• Ten
• Fifteen - correct answer - Five (Cam)