NEW PEAT Exam Latest 2024-2025 Update 100 Correct Questions and Verified Answers Grade A, Exams of Nursing

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NEW PEAT Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update)

100% Correct Questions and Verified Answers|

Grade A

1.A client is performing a Phase I (inpatient) cardiac rehabilitation exercise session. The physical therapist should terminate low-level activity if which of the following changes occurs?

1. The diastolic blood pressure increases to 120 mm Hg.
2. The respiratory rate increases to 20 breaths per minute.
3. The systolic blood pressure increases by 20 mm Hg.
4. The heart rate increases by 20 bpm. ANS: 2.A client is being evaluated for possible carpal tunnel syndrome, and a nerve conduction velocity test is performed. Which of the following findings would MOST strongly support the diagnosis?
5. Decreased latency at the elbow
6. Decreased latency at the carpal tunnel
7. Increased latency at the carpal tunnel
8. Increased latency at the forearm ANS: 3.When examining a client with a history of alcohol abuse, a physical therapist notes that the client demonstrates fine resting tremors and hyperactive reflexes. The client reports frequent right upper quadrant pain. Which of the following additional signs is MOST likely?
9. Jaundice
10. Hyperhidrosis
11. Hypotension
12. Nocturnal cough ANS: 1
13. Which of the following sensory testing locations corresponds to the C7 nerve root?
14. Volar aspect of the little finger (5th digit)
15. Dorsal aspect of the middle finger (3rd digit)
16. Lateral aspect of the upper arm
17. Medial aspect of the upper arm ANS:
18. Which of the following examination findings would be expected in a client who also had sustained ankle clonus?
19. An upgoing great toe when the sole of the foot is stroked
20. Weakness of ankle plantar flexors with one-repetition strength testing
21. Absence of sensation to sharp/dull testing over the posterior lower leg
22. Hyporeflexia when deep tendon reflexes are elicited in the lower leg ANS:
23. A 3 - month-old infant has poor midline head control. During evaluation, the physical

therapist notes facial asymmetry and observes that the infant has limitation of cervical

rotation to the left and cervical lateral flexion to the right. A radiology report indicates premature fusion of the infant 뭩 cranial sutures. The infant MOST likely has:

1. right congenital muscular torticollis.
2. left congenital muscular torticollis.
3. right cervical facet hypomobility.
4. left cervical facet hypomobility. ANS:
5. A client had a split-thickness skin graft for a partial-thickness burn injury to the upper extremity. The surgeon has requested range-of-motion exercises for the client. Currently, the client is able to actively move the upper extremity through one-third of the range of motion for shoulder flexion. Based on this finding, what is the MOST appropriate action for the physical therapist to take at this time?
6. Defer any range-of-motion exercises until the client is able to participate more actively.
7. Begin active assistive range-of-motion exercises.
8. Begin bed mobility training to facilitate increased use of the upper extremity.
9. Continue with active range-of-motion exercises. ANS:
10. Which of the following modalities BEST addresses the cause of calcific tendinitis in the bicipital tendon?
11. Sensory level interferential current at 80 Hz to 100 Hz
12. Iontophoresis with acetic acid at 60 mA/minute
13. High-volt pulsed electrical stimulation at 200 pps
14. Diathermy with a parallel treatment set-up ANS:
15. To minimize skin irritation during functional electrical nerve stimulation, a physical therapist should use:
16. lower intensity, larger interelectrode distance, and larger electrodes.
17. lower intensity, larger interelectrode distance, and smaller electrodes.
18. higher intensity, smaller interelectrode distance, and smaller electrodes.
19. lower intensity, smaller interelectrode distance, and larger electrodes. ANS:
20. Manual muscle testing of a client 뭩 pelvic floor muscles reveals a grade of Poor (2/5). Which of the following positions is BEST to begin strengthening?
21. Supine
22. Standing
23. Seated
24. Walking ANS: 1

12. During an examination of elbow strength using manual muscle testing, a client supinates the forearm when attempting elbow flexion. Which of the following muscles is MOST likely doing the major part of the work?
13. Biceps brachii
14. Brachialis
15. Supinator
16. Brachioradialis ANS: 1
17. During evaluation of a client 뭩 balance, a physical therapist gently pushes the client backward slightly and observes how the client recovers from the perturbation. What strategy is the client MOST likely to use to correct for the perturbation?
18. Knee
19. Hip
20. Ankle
21. Stepping ANS: 3
22. Which of the following findings BEST describes normal capillary filling?
23. Rebound vasodilation after icing
24. Blood pressure of 120/76 mm Hg
25. Pulse oximetry measurement of 98%
26. Blanching of the nail bed with color return in <3 seconds ANS:
27. Which of the following instructions is MOST appropriate for teaching a client with C quadriplegia to transfer from a wheelchair to a mat?
28. Keep fingers extended to give a broader base of support.
29. Rotate head and shoulders in the same direction as the desired hip motion.
30. Rotate head and shoulders in the direction opposite to the desired hip motion.
31. Keep both hands next to the knees to lock the elbows. ANS: A client has a spinal cord injury that resulted in damage to the sacral segments and disruption of the sacral reflex arc. The client is MOST likely to have which of the following characteristics?
32. Voluntary control of defecation
33. Tonic contraction of the external anal sphincter
34. Flaccidity of pelvic floor musculature
35. Permanent absence of the gastrocolic reflex ANS: A client who reports double vision has ptosis, lateral strabismus, and a dilated pupil in the left eye. Which of the following cranial nerve test results is MOST likely to be abnormal?

1. Pupillary light reflex
2. Facial muscle strength
3. Jaw-jerk reflex
4. Pain sensation on the face ANS: In addition to standard precautions, what other precaution should a physical therapist observe when working with a client infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?
5. Airborne
6. Sterile
7. Droplet
8. Contact ANS: 4 The physical therapist is positioning a client for postural drainage. To BEST drain the posterior segment of both lower lobes, the client should be placed in which of the following positions?
9. Prone, head down at a 45?angle
10. Supine, flat surface
11. Sidelying, head elevated at a 30?angle
12. Sitting, leaning forward ANS: Clubbing of the fingers is MOST associated with which of the following pathologies?
13. Lymphedema
14. Pulmonary disease
15. Chronic venous insufficiency
16. Complex regional pain syndrome ANS: A client who is 8 months pregnant has an abdominal diastasis recti with a separation of 1.5 in (4 cm). Which of the following exercises would be the MOST appropriate initial exercise for abdominal strengthening in a supine position?
17. Trunk curls
18. Hooklying head lifts
19. Pelvic-tilt leg sliding
20. Bilateral leg lowering ANS: A client with Parkinson disease has just been admitted to a rehabilitation unit. The client is dependent in all transfers and requires moderate assistance of one person to walk 30 ft (9.1 m) with a standard walker. To facilitate good carryover for activities, instruction of the family in transfers should occur:

1. during a home visit after the client is discharged.
2. just prior to discharging the client.
3. early in the rehabilitation program.
4. when the family feels ready to take the client home. ANS: A client with a right transfemoral prosthesis will be able to maintain the knee in extension while weight bearing if the center of gravity of the body is shifted so that the gravitational line falls:
5. posterior to the axis of the right knee joint.
6. lateral to the axis of the right knee joint.
7. anterior to the axis of the right knee joint.
8. medial to the axis of the right knee joint. ANS: During manual muscle testing of the hip flexors in the sitting position, a client exhibits lateral (external) rotation with abduction of the thigh as resistance is applied. The physical therapist should suspect muscle substitution by the:
9. sartorius.
10. tensor fasciae latae.
11. adductor longus.
12. semimembranosus. ANS: 1 A physical therapist reads that the interrater reliability of a new hand-held dynamometer is.
13. What is the MOST appropriate interpretation of this value?
14. Similar scores were obtained for a group of subjects when different therapists measured the subjects.
15. Similar scores were obtained for a group of subjects when the same therapist repeated the measures.
16. Dissimilar scores were obtained for a group of subjects when different therapists measured the subjects.
17. Dissimilar scores were obtained for a group of subjects when the same therapist repeated the measures. ANS: 1 A physical therapist researcher is developing a study to compare differences in range of motion outcomes in two groups of clients who have had a total knee arthroplasty. Over an 8-week period, one group of clients receives outclient physical therapy 1 time/week and the other group receives outclient physical therapy 3 times/week. In this study, what is the dependent variable?
18. Range of motion
19. Frequency of visits

3. Total knee arthroplasty
4. 8 weeks ANS: 1 Which of the following teaching strategies is MOST appropriate for an older adult client with mild dementia?
5. Use auditory or visual input separately.
6. Use metaphors to reinforce new concepts.
7. Establish a consistent pace for teaching.
8. Present one piece of new information at a time. ANS: A client with chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities is MOST likely to exhibit:
9. normal superficial veins, no edema, ulceration, and patches of gangrene around the toes.
10. dilation of superficial veins, edema, and stasis ulceration.
11. no edema, faint dorsalis pedis pulse, and cold, hairless extremities.
12. dilation of superficial veins and edema made worse during sitting or elevation of the lower extremities. ANS: 2 A client with muscular dystrophy was removed from mechanical ventilation 1 day ago. The client is currently unable to independently clear secretions, despite receiving instruction in the bronchopulmonary hygiene techniques of positioning, percussion, shaking, and vibration. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate to help this client clear the secretions?
13. Nasotracheal suctioning
14. Manual costophrenic assist
15. Supplemental oxygen
16. Inspiratory muscle training ANS: An older adult client had a total hip arthroplasty following a hip fracture from a fall in his home. The client lived alone and was previously able to perform all activities of daily living independently. He has been admitted to a skilled nursing facility for rehabilitation. The client 뭩 goal is to return home. His family believes he should be admitted to a long-term care facility for his own safety after acute rehabilitation is completed. The physical therapist 뭩 MOST appropriate action is to:
17. advise the family that the client should determine his own discharge environment.
18. recommend a team conference with the client and his family to discuss discharge plans.
19. schedule a home visit to determine if home modifications are needed before discharge.
20. implement a treatment plan with a long-term goal of discharge to home. ANS:

Which of the following reasons is the PRIMARY purpose for applying statistical analyses to single- subject research?

1. To substantiate visual analysis of graphically displayed data
2. To determine whether observed changes are real or chance occurrences
3. To advocate changes in intervention methods
4. To establish credibility for the intervention technique ANS: Upon removal of a wet-to-dry dressing from a client’s draining wound, a physical therapist observes that the skin immediately surrounding the wound is macerated. What should the therapist recommend for future wound care?
5. Continue using the current dressing type.
6. Make the dressing more absorbent.
7. Leave the dressing on longer between dressing changes.
8. Change to a pressure-type dressing. ANS: A 50 - year-old client had an uncomplicated open repair of a rotator cuff tear 2 weeks ago. The client asks the physical therapist when the shoulder will be normal again. Which of the following expected outcome time frames MOST accurately addresses this client 뭩 question?
9. 3 weeks to lift a 5 - lb (2.3-kg) object
10. 3 weeks to sleep on the involved side
11. 3 months to lift the upper extremity overhead to reach into a cabinet
12. 3 months to play golf ANS: 3 A physical therapist is preparing to evaluate a client who had a closed reduction with cast fixation for an ankle fracture 1 day ago and currently has non-weight-bearing status. The client reports foot pain in the injured extremity. Based on the client 뭩 report, which of the following procedures should the physical therapist perform?
13. Gait examination
14. Transfer abilities
15. Capillary refill in toes
16. Blood pressure examination ANS: Which of the following motions are MOST restricted with a hip capsular pattern?
17. Medial (internal) rotation and abduction
18. Lateral (external) rotation and abduction
19. Extension and adduction
20. Flexion and lateral (external) rotation ANS:

The parent of a 4-year-old child who has myelomeningocele is interested in obtaining orthoses for the child 뭩 gait training. The child has an L1 neurological level lesion. Which of the following orthoses is the MOST appropriate selection for the physical therapist to discuss with the parent?

1. Hip-knee-ankle-foot with locked hips
2. Reciprocating-gait
3. Knee-ankle-foot with a pelvic band
4. Ankle-foot ANS: 2 A client who has rheumatoid arthritis comes to physical therapy with signs of muscle atrophy, ecchymosis, puffy cheeks, and a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Which of the following medications is the client MOST likely receiving?
5. Penicillin (Ampicillin)
6. Prednisone (Deltasone)
7. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
8. Gold salts ANS: 2 Regular aerobic exercise lasting at least 30 minutes should be MOST beneficial in decreasing the pathology associated with which of the following conditions?
9. Type 1 diabetes
10. Type 2 diabetes
11. Multiple sclerosis
12. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ANS: A client has been receiving physical therapy for a large wound on the lower leg. After 3 weeks of treatment, the wound is free of necrotic tissue, but a copious amount of exudate is present. Which of the following dressings is MOST appropriate for the wound at this time?
13. Saline-saturated gauze
14. Semipermeable film
15. Gauze impregnated with zinc oxide
16. Hydrocolloid paste ANS: 4 A client with a right transtibial prosthesis describes right-knee buckling in the foot flat (loading response) stance phase of gait. Which of the following conditions in the client is MOST likely present to cause this problem?
17. Excessive plantar flexion
18. Stiff heel cushion
19. Low shoe heel
20. Excessive foot inset

ANS: 2

Which of the following recommendations is MOST appropriate for a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease?

1. Sit upright for at least 10 minutes after a meal.
2. Lie on the right side before performing exercises.
3. Head-lifting exercises should be performed in the upright position.
4. Activities that require the supine position should be performed before a meal. ANS: A physical therapist is completing an examination of an inclient with multiple comorbidities who had a total knee arthroplasty 2 days ago. The therapist observes a bluish discoloration of the toes on the operative extremity. This finding should be documented as:
5. cyanosis.
6. deep vein thrombosis.
7. Raynaud disease.
8. cardiac pathology. ANS: 1 A physical therapist is evaluating a 70 - year-old female client who reports the onset of midthoracic pain after working in a garden for several hours. The presence of which of the following history items should increase the therapist 뭩 suspicion of a thoracic compression fracture in the client?
9. Bowel and bladder dysfunction
10. Smoking and prolonged steroid use
11. Hypertension and diabetes
12. Emphysema and hormone replacement therapy ANS: Which of the following modalities is MOST appropriate for decreasing pain and increasing tissue extensibility prior to active hand exercises in a client with rheumatoid arthritis?
13. Cold gel pack
14. Direct contact ultrasound
15. Continuous short-wave diathermy
16. Paraffin wax bath ANS: Which of the following trunk strengthening exercises is BEST for a client to help minimize the complications associated with osteoporosis?
17. Flexion
18. Rotation
19. Extension
20. Lateral flexion ANS: 3

A physical therapist is working on progressive functional mobility with a client who had a transverse colectomy 2 days ago. The client has developed a low grade fever. What is the MOST appropriate examination for the therapist to perform prior to continuation of the client 뭩 intervention?

1. Heart rate
2. Blood pressure
3. Respiratory rate
4. Auscultation ANS: 4 A client is entering a cardiac rehabilitation program. The physical therapist should FIRST ask the client to:
5. describe the correct aspects of exercise demonstrated by the therapist.
6. list problems associated with poor nutritional habits.
7. identify the harmful effects of smoking with regard to cardiac disease.
8. describe the type of angina that the client experiences. ANS: A physical therapist who works in a home health agency is treating a client with diabetes mellitus. The client reports that he is longer taking insulin. The therapist 뭩 FIRST course of action should be to:
9. instruct the client in the proper technique for injection of insulin.
10. contact the client 뭩 home health nurse.
11. tell the client 뭩 family to report this information to the physician.
12. have the client perform a urine glucose test while the therapist is in the home. ANS: A measurable objective for a community education program on proper exercise techniques would be for participants to:
13. understand the importance of a sufficient warm-up period.
14. list five stretching techniques that can be used when warming up.
15. overcome lower extremity problems and adhere to a regular exercise program.
16. appreciate the effects of increasing intensity of exercise on heart rate. ANS: While ascending stairs, an older adult client leans forward with increased hip flexion. Which of the following muscles is being used to BEST advantage with this forward posture?
17. Rectus femoris
18. Tensor fasciae latae
19. Semitendinosus
20. Lumbar paraspinal ANS: 3

The authors of a research article describe a favorable study outcome as insignificant because the study results were not statistically significant. The insignificant finding would MOST likely be due to poor research methods if which of the following study characteristics was present?

1. Small sample size
2. Small within-group variance
3. 85% analysis power
4. Controlled alpha level ANS: As a client progresses in learning a new motor skill, there should be a resultant increase in which of the following types of feedback?
5. Tactile
6. Visual
7. Intrinsic
8. Verbal ANS: 3 A client is undergoing a treadmill stress test. The appearance of abnormally wide, irregularly spaced QRS complexes on the electrocardiogram represents:
9. ventricular depolarization.
10. premature ventricular contractions.
11. atrial fibrillation.
12. atrial repolarization. ANS: 2 While working in a private practice clinic, a physical therapist observes a client fall in the parking lot outside the office. The client sustains a severe laceration to the forearm. The therapist secures a pressure dressing to the wound site but notes that blood is soaking through the dressing and the bandage. Which of the following actions should the therapist perform NEXT?
13. Elevate the limb and apply pressure to the wound.
14. Remove the dressing and bandage and start over with a tighter bandage.
15. Apply additional dressings and bandages and apply pressure to the brachial artery.
16. Call the client 뭩 physician and arrange transportation for medical care. ANS: A physical therapist is conducting a reflex text as shown in the photographs. The arrow indicates the path of the applied stimulus. The results of the test are MOST likely to indicate:
17. a peripheral nerve injury.
18. a lesion of the anterior horn cells.
19. a normal response.
20. an injury to the spinal cord. ANS:

The work modification (standing) shown in the photograph is MOST appropriate for a client with which of the following pathologies?

1. Central lumbar stenosis
2. Deep vein thrombosis
3. Thoracolumbar scoliosis
4. Posterolateral lumbar disc bulge ANS: A long-distance runner comes to physical therapy with insidious onset of lower leg pain. The client 뭩 examination results reveal weakness of toe flexion and ankle inversion. The physical therapist suspects vascular compromise associated with this presentation. Palpation at which of the following locations is MOST likely to reveal diminished arterial pulses in the client?
5. Dorsal aspect of the foot
6. Posterior to the lateral malleolus
7. Posterior to the medial malleolus
8. Lateral aspect of the popliteal fossa ANS: During an intervention session with a client with a recent onset of hemiplegia, a physical therapist plans to focus on transfers to and from a wheelchair, a bathtub, and an automobile. Which of the following methods should be MOST effective for long-term retention of these skills?
9. Practice the activities in random order.
10. Sequence the activities from easiest to most difficult.
11. Allow the client to determine the sequence of activities.
12. Establish a predictable but variable practice sequence. ANS: A client is lying supine with hips and knees extended and hands behind the head. The client is able to raise the head, shoulders, and thorax from the treatment table but is unable to come to a complete long-sitting position. What muscle should the physical therapist target for a strengthening program?
13. Iliopsoas
14. External abdominal oblique
15. Quadratus lumborum
16. Upper rectus abdominis ANS: A client has medication-induced Cushing syndrome. Which of the following physiological problems is a common manifestation of this disorder?
17. Hypotension
18. Hypercalemia

3. Muscle catabolism
4. Decreased protein metabolism ANS: A 90-year-old client with chronic congestive heart failure has been nonambulatory and has resided in a nursing home for the past year. The client was recently admitted to the hospital after an episode of dehydration. Which of the following plans for prophylactic respiratory care is MOST appropriate?
5. Turning, coughing, and deep breathing every 1 to 2 waking hours
6. Vigorous percussion and vibration 4 times/day
7. Gentle vibration with the foot of the bed elevated 1 time/day
8. Segmental postural drainage using standard positions throughout the day ANS: Which of the following joint mobilizations would be MOST effective for improving a client 뭩 ability to progress into terminal stance?
9. Posterior glide of the talus on the tibia
10. Posterior glide of the calcaneus on the talus
11. Plantar glide of the 1st proximal phalanx on the metatarsal
12. Dorsal glide of the 1st proximal phalanx on the metatarsal ANS: A physical therapist is examining muscle strength in a client. The client is asked to move the leg along the path indicated by the arrow shown in the photograph and to hold the leg in place while the therapist applies resistance to the leg. The client moves through the range of motion shown and is able to take maximal resistance. Intervention should address which of the following problems?
13. Tightness of the hip medial (internal) rotators
14. Weakness of the gluteus minimus and medius
15. Correction of the right lateral (external) trunk shift
16. Piriformis weakness ANS: 1 A client with a complete thoracic spinal cord injury is sitting in a wheelchair on a custom- made cushion. Pressure relief activities should be performed:
17. when the client shows signs of pressure sores.
18. every 15 to 20 minutes.
19. every 1 to 2 hours.
20. if the client does not have an appropriate cushion. ANS: Which of the following lower extremity findings is MOST likely to be the FIRST sign of vascular occlusive disease?
21. Edema of the legs and ankles

2. Brown discoloration at the ankles
3. Increased cyanosis when legs are dependent
4. Lack of hair on the toes ANS: A physical therapist is teaching a client who has recently undergone knee surgery to use a cane while descending stairs without a railing. The client has partial weight-bearing status on the right. Which of the following instructional methods should the therapist use to teach the client this activity?
5. The therapist stands behind the client, and the client descends with the cane and left leg first.
6. The therapist stands beside the client, and the client descends with the right leg first and then the cane.
7. The therapist stands below the client, and the client descends with the cane and right leg first.
8. The therapist stands behind the client, and the client descends with the left leg first. ANS: A client with low back pain also reports constipation, occasional nausea and vomiting, and unexplained weight loss. The pain worsens when the client is supine and decreases when the client leans forward when sitting. The sclerae are yellow. The signs and symptoms are MOST consistent with which of the following disorders?
9. Appendicitis
10. Cholecystitis
11. Pancreatic carcinoma
12. Irritable bowel syndrome ANS: Excessive upward rotation of the right scapula is noted when a client attempts to perform shoulder flexion. Which of the following exercises is MOST appropriate to help correct the excessive scapular rotation?
13. Right scapular protraction against resistance with the right arm at 90° of flexion
14. Bilateral scapular elevation with the upper extremities at 180° of flexion
15. Wall push-ups with an isometric hold at end range with the elbows extended
16. Bilateral scapular adduction with the upper extremities medially (internally) rotated and adducted across the back ANS: 4 Which of the following diagnoses is MOST associated with urinary incontinence?
17. Orchitis
18. Testicular cancer
19. Testicular torsion
20. Benign prostatic hyperplasia

ANS: 4

A physical therapist is working on transfers with a client who had a brainstem cerebrovascular accident. The client has ataxia in all four extremities and a high level of extensor tone in the lower extremities. The client has fair to good trunk control. Which of the following transfers is BEST for this client?

1. Squat pivot
2. Sliding board
3. Standing pivot
4. Dependent tuck ANS: 1 A physical therapist wants to examine the relationship between lower extremity manual muscle test grades and five ranked categories of functional ambulation ability in a group of older adults. Which of the following statistics is MOST appropriate for testing this relationship?
5. Paired t test
6. Pearson product-moment correlation (r)
7. Mann-Whitney U test
8. Spearman rho (rs) ANS: 4 In a research study, a correlation coefficient of .30 was found for the relationship between two variables. Which of the following interpretations of this finding is MOST appropriate?
9. The variables have a low correlation.
10. Thirty percent of the variability in one variable can be accounted for by the other variable.
11. There are no significant differences between the variables.
12. There is low positive predictive value between the variables. ANS: Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely cause of a reduced vital capacity in a client who has quadriplegia at the C5–C6 level?
13. Decreased anterolateral chest expansion resulting from paralysis of the external intercostal muscles
14. Inability of the client to generate a negative intrapleural pressure secondary to a denervated diaphragm
15. A relatively high resting position of the diaphragm resulting from paralysis of the abdominal muscles
16. Reduced rib-cage elevation due to paralysis of the anterior scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles ANS: 1

A physical therapist places electrodes on a client to monitor surface electromyographic activity. The electrode placement shown in the photograph is MOST appropriate to monitor which of the following muscles?

1. Tensor fasciae latae
2. Sartorius
3. Rectus femoris
4. Gluteus minimus ANS: 1 A physical therapist places a client on a strength training program for the lower extremities. The mode of exercise is a double-leg press unit using free weights. After 1 week, the client shows a 10-lb (4.5-kg) increase in the amount of weight the client is able to lift. What is the MOST likely cause of the client 뭩 increase in strength?
5. Muscle fiber hypertrophy
6. Neurological adaptation
7. Hyperplasia of the muscle fibers
8. Increase in the amount of actin and myosin ANS: A physical therapist is considering the use of phonophoresis as part of an intervention plan. Which of the following steps is the correct FIRST step in the decision-making process to use phonophoresis?
9. Outline the therapeutic goals and outcomes.
10. Select the appropriate coupling agent and medication.
11. Decide on the dosimetry by choosing the appropriate mode and frequency.
12. Determine if there are any contraindications. ANS: A physical therapist is evaluating a client who has shoulder pain. The client notices the shoulder pain at work when stocking shelves that are overhead. The pain is not apparent when stocking shelves at waist or chest level. The client MOST likely has weakness in which of the following muscles?
13. Pectoralis minor
14. Upper trapezius
15. Deltoid
16. Rhomboid major ANS: 2 A client who sustained a mild cerebrovascular accident 3 weeks ago is being prepared by a physical therapist for discharge to home and an adult day program. To facilitate the discharge plan, the MOST appropriate health professional for the therapist to consult with is the:
17. skilled nursing coordinator.
18. occupational therapist.

3. medical social worker.
4. primary physician. ANS: 3 In a research study, a physical therapist performs the same goniometric measurement on the same group of control subjects during two consecutive testing sessions. This process is used to demonstrate which of the following measurement properties?
5. External validity
6. Instrument reliability
7. Intrarater reliability
8. Interrater reliability ANS: 3 Sensory-level electrical stimulation is MOST appropriate for a client with which of the following conditions?
9. Chronic low back pain of somatic origin
10. Acute ankle sprain with edema
11. Supraspinatus tendonitis
12. Active Raynaud syndrome ANS: A client with which of the following diagnoses would MOST likely benefit from pursed-lip breathing during exercise?
13. Peripheral vascular disease
14. Congestive heart failure
15. Emphysema
16. Sarcoidosis ANS: 3 A client has a history of neck pain that is aggravated by long periods of sitting and becomes progressively worse by evening. Range of motion and strength of the neck and shoulders are within normal limits. Sensation and reflexes are intact in both upper extremities. The client has a forward head and excessive thoracic kyphosis. The MOST appropriate exercise program should focus on:
17. stretching of the neck flexors and pectoral strengthening.
18. upper trapezius strengthening and pectoral stretching.
19. pectoral strengthening and rhomboid stretching.
20. rhomboid strengthening and axial neck retraction. ANS: A client suspected of having hypoglycemia is MOST likely to show which of the following signs?
21. Fruity smelling breath
22. Thirst, nausea, and vomiting

3. Dry, crusty mucous membranes
4. Difficulty speaking and concentrating ANS: A client is limited in shoulder abduction, as shown in the displayed radiograph. Which of the following mobilization techniques is MOST likely to assist the client in achieving increased shoulder abduction?
5. Posterior glide
6. Anterior glide
7. Inferior glide
8. Superior glide ANS: 3 Which of the following assignments is MOST appropriate for a physical therapist to delegate to a volunteer?
9. Restocking treatment booths with linens, ultrasound gel, and massage lotion
10. Attending a client who is on a tilt table while the therapist takes a phone call
11. Transporting a client who reports dizziness back to the client's room
12. Transferring a client from the mat table to a wheelchair ANS: A physical therapist is teaching a motor skill to a client with chronic hemiplegia. Which of the following teaching approaches should be MOST emphasized?
13. Habituation
14. Sensitization
15. Compensatory strategy
16. Recovery of normal movement ANS: A client has low back and leg pain, with symptoms extending to the bottom of the foot. During the physical therapy examination, the client does not report leg pain in the first test position (photograph #1) but reports a severe increase in symptoms in the second test position (photograph #2). Which of the following conclusions is MOST likely?
17. The pain is the result of a herniated disc.
18. The client may be displaying nonorganic symptoms.
19. The symptoms are the result of an inflamed sciatic nerve.
20. The hamstrings are in a facilitated state of contraction. ANS: A client is referred for recommendations regarding purchase of a wheelchair. The measurements of the client while sitting are 16 in (40.6 cm) across the widest point of the hips and 18 in (45. cm) from the rear of the buttocks to the popliteal crease. Which of the following wheelchair dimensions would be BEST suited for this client 뭩 needs?
21. Seat width and seat depth of 18 in (45.7 cm)

2. Seat width of 18 in (45.7 cm) and seat depth of 16 in (40.6 cm)
3. Seat width and seat depth of 16 in (40.6 cm)
4. Seat width of 16 in (40.6 cm) and seat depth of 18 in (45.7 cm) ANS: 2 A physical therapist is initiating intervention with a postoperative client who is taking 20 mg of oral oxycodone (Oxycontin) for pain relief. In planning an intervention for this client, the physical therapist should anticipate that:
5. the client may be hypertensive.
6. the medication may trigger cardiac arrhythmias in the client.
7. the client will have an increased likelihood for developing diarrhea.
8. the client may demonstrate respiratory depression. ANS: During which of the following scenarios would gloves be required to comply with standard precautions?
9. During all client care in the hospital setting
10. Performing range of motion on a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
11. Massaging the neck of a client with hepatitis C
12. Changing an infant 뭩 diaper in a pediatric setting ANS: Which of the following structures is indicated by the arrow in the radiograph?
13. Intertubercular groove
14. Greater tubercle
15. Lesser tubercle
16. Coracoid process ANS: 2 Which of the following descriptions accurately reports a NORMAL client response to deep tendon reflex testing?
17. 2 or plus (+)
18. 3 or plus (++)
19. 0 or minus (-)
20. 1 or minus (-) ANS: 1 A client presents with weakness throughout the right lower extremity with normal strength on the left side. Sensory testing shows a loss of pressure sensation over the right thigh and leg and a loss of pain and temperature sensation over the left thigh and leg. The client has a positive Babinski sign on the right. Which of the following associated findings is MOST likely to be found during further examination of this client?
21. The presence of clonus in the left ankle
22. Marked atrophy in the right lower extremity muscles

3. Spasticity in the left lower extremity
4. Increased deep tendon reflexes on the right side ANS:4 While a physical therapist is performing transfer training from bed to chair with a client who had a total knee arthroplasty 2 days ago, the electrocardiograph monitor alarms and the therapist notes that premature ventricular contractions have developed. What is the therapist 뭩 BEST course of action at this time?
5. Position the client on a stable surface and discontinue physical therapy for the day.
6. Continue the transfer to the chair and monitor the client 뭩 oxygen saturation levels.
7. Continue the transfer to the chair and immediately notify the nurse about the premature ventricular contractions.
8. Position the client on a stable surface and determine the stability of the premature ventricular contractions. ANS: 4 Which of the following postural drainage positions is MOST appropriate for a client who has aspiration pneumonia in the right middle lobe and who had a craniotomy 2 days ago?
9. Right sidelying with one-quarter turn toward supine
10. Left sidelying with one-quarter turn toward supine with head of bed down approximately 20°
11. Right sidelying with one-quarter turn toward supine with head of bed down approximately 20°
12. Left sidelying with one-quarter turn toward supine ANS:4 To help students apply a newly learned skill to clinical practice, the MOST effective action for the clinical instructor to take is to:
13. point out possible clinical situations and discuss how the skill would apply to them.
14. have the students research reference materials and compile a list of the steps required to acquire the skill.
15. prepare a list of indications and contraindications for the skill.
16. have the students provide examples of clinical situations where the skill would be appropriately applied. ANS: 4 During the shoulder examination of a client, a physical therapist notes the presence of a capsular pattern without radicular pain. To help establish the cause of the capsular pattern, the therapist should NEXT:
17. perform axial compression on the cervical spine to check for nerve root compression.
18. ask the client if there has been any prior trauma to the shoulder joint.
19. check for a painful arc during active range of motion.
20. examine the shoulder for a rotator cuff tear.

ANS: 2

A client had knee surgery 4 weeks ago. Which of the following neuromuscular electrical stimulation parameters would be MOST appropriate to use for strengthening the client’s quadriceps muscle?

1. 1 to 4 pps, 100 microseconds
2. 1 to 4 pps, 350 microseconds
3. 40 to 50 pps, 350 microseconds
4. 100 pps, 100 microseconds ANS: 3 A client is asked to grip a white card between the thumb (1st digit) and index finger (2nd digit) with both hands. The physical therapist pulls on the card in the direction of the arrow shown. As the therapist pulls on the card the client’s right thumb flexes at the interphalangeal joint. The results indicate weakness in which of the following muscles?
5. Flexor pollicis longus
6. Abductor pollicis brevis
7. Adductor pollicis
8. Extensor pollicis longus ANS:3 During the gait evaluation of a client, a physical therapist notices that the client laterally bends excessively toward the right side during the midstance phase on the right. For the therapist to test the suspected muscle for Normal strength (5/5), the client should FIRST be positioned:
9. prone with the knee straight.
10. supine with the knee bent.
11. seated with the hip flexed to 110°.
12. sidelying on the left side. ANS:4 A client with a cerebellar stroke has received functional balance training for 4 weeks. Which of the following tests is MOST appropriate to measure the effectiveness of the physical therapy intervention?
13. Romberg Test
14. Berg Balance Scale
15. Fugl-Meyer Assessment
16. Barthel Index ANS: 2 A client in the eighth month of pregnancy has numbness and tingling of the left hand, except for the little finger (5th digit). She demonstrates edema of the hand and fingers, a positive Tinel sign at the wrist, and a Good (4/5) muscle test grade of the wrist and finger flexors. The MOST appropriate intervention is:

1. a wrist splint to position the wrist in full extension.
2. a hot pack followed by tendon gliding exercises.
3. resistive exercises for the wrist and finger flexors.
4. frequent rest and elevation of the left upper extremity. ANS:4 Which of the following locations corresponds to the sensory function of the nerve root exiting between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae?
5. Lateral knee joint line
6. Medial knee joint line
7. Plantar aspect of the heel
8. Dorsal web space between the first and second toes ANS:2 An inclient physical therapy department has only one physical therapist and one physical therapist assistant on duty, due to staff illness. Treatment of a client with which of the following conditions and circumstances is MOST appropriate for the therapist to delegate to the assistant?
9. Ataxia, who is undergoing a trial to determine an appropriate assistive device
10. Hemiparesis, whose initial evaluation has not been completed
11. Multiple sclerosis, who is receiving gait training with a rolling walker
12. Alzheimer disease, who is easily agitated and is receiving initial gait training ANS:3 When considering special tests for orthopedic assessment, selection of a test with adequate validity is important because the:
13. results of the test can be standardized.
14. test measures what it is supposed to measure.
15. results of the test are reproducible.
16. test can be accurately performed by someone else. ANS:2 A client who recently had bilateral transtibial amputations wants to have a ramp built to travel from the back deck of his house to the pool in his wheelchair. The vertical distance from the door to the ground level is 5 ft (1.5 m). Which of the following ramp specifications is BEST for the client?
17. One continuous ramp, 60 ft (18 m) long
18. One continuous ramp, 30 ft (9 m) long
19. Two ramps, each 60 ft (18 m) long, connected by a level area
20. Two ramps, each 30 ft (9 m) long, connected by a level area ANS:4 A physical therapist is developing an exercise program for an older adult to improve routine health maintenance and fitness. The client has a history of a right ankle fracture 15 years

ago, aortic aneurysm repair 3 years ago, and open-heart surgery for a valve replacement 6 years ago. Which of the following activities is CONTRAINDICATED?

1. Aquatic exercise for 30 minutes
2. Cycling at 60% of maximum heart rate
3. Endurance exercise using basic calisthenics
4. Weight lifting at 50% of maximum voluntary contraction ANS:4 Which of the following home programs is MOST appropriate for a client with chronic lateral epicondylitis?
5. Using a forearm cuff to increase loading on the extensor tendons
6. Performing exercises for wrist strength and stretching
7. Administering iontophoresis with dexamethasone (Decadron) and lidocaine (Xylocaine)
8. Doing friction massage of the brachioradialis tendon ANS:2 A client is receiving mechanical intermittent cervical traction with an on/off duty cycle of 20 seconds/10 seconds. The client reports increased pain each time the traction unit cycles on, which then subsides over the duration of the on time. Which of the following modifications to the duty cycle is MOST appropriate?
9. Increase the off time to 20 seconds.
10. Increase the on time to 25 seconds.
11. Decrease the off time to 5 seconds.
12. Decrease the on time to 15 seconds. ANS:1 Which of the following arterial blood gas readings indicates acidemia?
13. 7.3
14. 7.4
15. 7.45
16. 7.5 ANS: 1 A client with testicular cancer is most likely to report which of the following signs or symptoms INITIALLY?
17. Back pain
18. Pain referred to the groin
19. Swelling of superficial lymph nodes
20. Diffuse testicular pain and swelling ANS:4 Which of the following positions is BEST to assess the length of a client’s rectus femoris muscle?
21. Sidelying with tested hip in flexion

2. Supine with tested hip and knee in flexion
3. Prone with tested knee in flexion
4. Sidelying with tested hip in extension ANS:3 What is the closed packed position of the wrist?
5. Flexion with ulnar deviation
6. Flexion with radial deviation
7. Extension with ulnar deviation
8. Extension with radial deviation ANS:4 A client fell while rock climbing 2 days ago. The fall resulted in a fracture of the right ankle, requiring an open reduction and internal fixation. The client also sustained a nerve injury that resulted in significant weakness in the muscles in the right C6–C7 myotome. The client is restricted to non-weight-bearing status on the right lower extremity. Which of the following assistive devices is MOST appropriate for the client?
9. Axillary crutches
10. Wheelchair
11. Standard walker
12. Forearm crutches ANS: 2 A physical therapist is examining the feet of a client with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following tests is BEST to determine the client 뭩 risk for developing foot ulceration?
13. Pain sensation
14. Pressure threshold
15. Two-point discrimination
16. Temperature awareness ANS:2 A physical therapist is planning a three-session educational series on physical therapy evaluation of the low back for fourth-year medical students. Which of following activities is MOST important to include in the first session?
17. An overview of the material that will be covered in all three sessions
18. A pretest to determine the level of knowledge of the participants
19. Active participation of the students in a low back evaluation
20. A complete demonstration of a low back evaluation ANS:2 A physical therapist reads in a report that a child has a standard score of - 2.0 on a measure of development. Which of the following interpretations of this score is BEST?
21. The child 뭩 score is well below the mean score, compared to other children 뭩 scores.
22. The child 뭩 score is close to the mean score, compared to other children 뭩 scores.