NFDN 1001 Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update, Exams of Advanced Education

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NFDN 1001 Exam Questions with 100%

Correct Answers | Verified | Latest

Update

Earlyinursingi-iCorrectiAnswer- PrioritoinursingiiniNewiFrance,imenideliveredihealthiandinursingicare. Thoughimenicouldn'tiprovideicareiforiwomeniiniL/D Christianityi-iCorrectiAnswer--Spreadichristianity _iConvertiaboriginalsitoichristianity. NewiDiseasesi-iCorrectiAnswer- Cholera,iTyphus,iandismallipoxiresultedifromiearlyisettlers. Affectedimanyiaboriginals. Colonialismi-iCorrectiAnswer- Lossioficulture,iknowledge,itraditions,iwayiofilife,iroleiinifamilyiandicom munity,ispiritualityiandihealth.i(aboriginals) MarieiRolletiHeberti-iCorrectiAnswer-(1588- 1649)Respectediaboriginals.i Canada'sifirstiteacheri,itaughtichristianityitoiaboriginals.

JeanneiMancei-iCorrectiAnswer-(1606-1673) EstablishediaihospitaliiniNewiFrance-1642. Founderiofi"hotelidieuideiDilleiMarie"i(hospitaliiniMontreal) Margueriteid'Youvillei-iCorrectiAnswer-founderiofitheiGreyiNuns. Movedinursingicareiintoitheicommunity.iBecameiaisaint FlorenceiNightingalei-iCorrectiAnswer- Providediainewiimageiofinursingiasiairespectableivocationiforiyoungiwo men.i Paveditheiwayiforiprofessionalinursingischools. hospitalsiwereirecognizediasitheivenueiforitreatmentiofiillnessiandidisea se. NursingischoolsiiniCanadai-iCorrectiAnswer-Dr.iTheophilliusiMack- iestablisheditheiMacitrainingischooliforinurses. FirstiuniversityiprogramiatiUBCistartedi 1919 i(Canada) MaryiAgnesiSnivelyi-iCorrectiAnswer- Responsibleiforichangingiterribleiconditionsinursesiwereirequireditoiwo rkiin. FormeditheiCNAi(CanadianiNationaliAssociationiforitrainedinurses).iFirs tinursingisuperintendentiofiTorontoiGeneraliHospitaliSchooliofiNursing,i recognizedinursingiasiaiuniqueiprofession

NursesiiniWW1i-iCorrectiAnswer- Femaleienlistedinursesiwereigiveniofficeristatus.i(meniwereinotipermitt editoiholdiofficeristatus). PostiWar- ishiftiforinursesibackitoi"deprofessionalization"itoicomplimentihandmai den. NursesiiniWW2i-iCorrectiAnswer-Nursingirespectediasiaicareerichoice. 1993:iopenedi4,iallimaleinursingischooliiniUSA NursesiiniResearch,iadministrationiandiPolicyi-iCorrectiAnswer- Research:ithoughtitoibeiforitheiacademicienvironment. Administration:iheadinurses,ichargeinurses,inurseimanagers. Policy:iRegulatoryibodyi(CLPNA,iCARNA),iCASN Issuesiinihealthcarei-iCorrectiAnswer- Waitlists,ishortistaffed,iagingipopulations,inursingistorage(Moneyibudg ets) Theiartiandiscienceiofinursingi-iCorrectiAnswer-Trust. Respect. ProfessionaliIntimacy. Empathy.

Power. ApproachesitoihealthicareiiniCanadai-iCorrectiAnswer- TommyiDouglasi(1947):i"fatheriofisocializedimedicine" MedicaliApproachi-iCorrectiAnswer-Prioritoi1970's Focusionicuringitheidisease,ifixingitheiproblem. PostiWW2-Healthicareiwasireactiveinotiproactive. BehaviouraliApproachi-iCorrectiAnswer- 1974 - 1981 i"iTheiLalondeiReport"

• Promotediindividualiresponsibilityiforihealth.
• Focusinotioniseeingihealthiproblemsiasiphysiological.

Lookediatiaipersonsibehaviouri(smoking,iexercise,ieatingihabits,isubsta nceiabuse) BehaviouraliModeli-iCorrectiAnswer- LalondeiReport:iIntroducedihealthipromotioni&idiseaseiprevention.i 197 4 - 1981 Behaviourali&iSocioenvironmentaliapproachi-iCorrectiAnswer- EPPiReporti 1986 BroadenediLalondeireport-iexpandedihealthipromotion.

Healthiisimoreithanimedicine. SocioenvironmentaliApproachi-iCorrectiAnswer-EPPicontinued. Lookediatidisadvantagedigroups:idecreasedilifeiexpectancy,iincreasedid isability,idecreasedihealthithaniaverageiperson. Detectingiandimanagingichroniciillness. Diseaseiprevention. Enhancingiabilityitoicope.

Mutualiaid,ihealthipromotioni&icreationiofihealthienvironments(itoiove ricomeichallenges) OttawaiCharteriforiHealthiPromotioni-iCorrectiAnswer-- iSocioenvironmentaliapproach. Buildingihealthipublicipolicy. Creatingisupportiveienvironments. StrengtheningiCommunityiaction. DevelopingipersonaliSkills. ReorientingiHealthiServices. Socialidetrimentsiofihealthi-iCorrectiAnswer- Gender,ihealthiservices,iworkingiconditions,ieducation,iphysicalienviro nments,isocialisupport,ipersonalihealthipracticesi(copingiskills),isocialie

nvironments,ihealthyichildidevelopment,igenetics,iculture,ifinancialian disocialistatus. CanadaiHealthiActi(CHA)i-iCorrectiAnswer- 1971 - iAlliCanadian'siwereiguaranteediaccessitoiessentialimedicaliservicesireg ardlessiofiemployment,iincomeiorihealth. Thereiisiaipenaltyitoiprovincesithatidon'ticomplyiwithiCHA 5 iPillarsiofiCHAi-iCorrectiAnswer-PubliciAdministration Comprehensivenessi Universality Portability Accessibility PubliciAdministrationi-iCorrectiAnswer- Eachiprovince/iterritoryioperatesioniainon-for-profitibasis. DepartmentiofiHealth. RegionaliHealthiAuthority. Comprehensivenessi-iCorrectiAnswer- Musticoverialliinsurediservicesi(hospital,idoctor,identistsidoingisurgeryii nihospital). Pharmacy,imassage,iphysio,iChiroimayinotibeicovered.i-iHolisticicare.

Universalityi-iCorrectiAnswer- Alliinsurediresidentsiofiaiprovince/iterritoryiareientitleditoihealthiservic es. Waitingiperiod,ibutinoilongerithani 3 imonths. Portabilityi-iCorrectiAnswer-Coverageiwhenimoving. Waitinginoilongerithani 3 imonths. Accessibilityifromiprovinceitoiprovinceiwithouticost/penalty. Uninterruptedihealthicareicoverage. Accessibilityi-iCorrectiAnswer- Reasonableiaccessitoiservicesiwhereitheyiareiavailable. ProtectsiinsurediCanadiansifromiextraichargesioridiscrimination. PointsiofiCarei-iCorrectiAnswer- Primary:iHealthipromotion,iillnessiandiinjuryiprevention,idiagnosesi&itr eatmentiofiillnessi&iinjuryi(offerediinipublicihealthiclinics,iTelehealth,iini homeihospice) Secondary:iSpecializedicareibyiphysicianispecialistiorihospitali(referral),i considersiextendedioridefinitiveidiagnoses. Tertiary:iSpecializediconsultativeicare,iinvolvingisupportsiandiresourcesi basedionireferralifromiprimary/secondaryihealth- careiproviders.(stollery) HealthiCareiReformi(changes)i-iCorrectiAnswer-Agingipop.

Healthineedsidifferifromigenerations. Superbugs. Chronicidiseases,iincreasediacuityionitheiunits. Technology. Decentralizationiofimentalihealth. Humaniresourcesichallenges Accessitoicareiiniruraliareas. WHOidefinitioniofihealthi-iCorrectiAnswer- aistateioficompleteiphysical,imental,iandisocialiwell- beingiandinotimerelyitheiabsenceiofidiseaseioriinfirmity Illnessesi-iCorrectiAnswer-Subjectiveiexperienceiofilossiofihealth. Wellnessi-iCorrectiAnswer-Subjectiveiexperience: Emotionaliwellness-ifeelings. Intellectual-iKnowledgei(goingitoischool). Occupational-valueiweiplaceioniwork. Physical-ilifestyleichoices.i Environmental- iInternali&iexternalinaturaliresourcesianditheiriimpact,ipollution. Social-irespect,isupport,icooperation,icommunication. Spiritualiwellness.

Diseasei-iCorrectiAnswer- Objectiveistateiofihealth,icanibeidetectedibyimedicaliscience Healthi-iCorrectiAnswer- Objectiveiprocessicharacterizedibyifunctionalistability,ibalance,i&iintegr ity. Motivationi-iCorrectiAnswer- Whatimotivatediyouitoimakeihealthyichoices. Intrinsic:iyouriownimotivation,igoals Extrinsic:iDueidates/deadlines,ithreats. Specialipopulationsi-iCorrectiAnswer-Disability:imedical,isocial. Olderiadults:ihealthicareicost,imultipleimedicaliconditions.i(canimaintai niintellectualiwellnessithroughihobbies) Studentiwellness:ismoking,idrinking,ipoorinutrition,idecreasediemotion alihealth. Healthipromotioni-iCorrectiAnswer- theiprocessiofienablingipeopleitoiincreaseicontroliover,ianditoiimprove,i theirihealth

• selfichangeibehaviour
• selfiefficacyi(abilityitoiachieveiaigoal/result)

Metaparadigmi-iCorrectiAnswer- refersitoitheiprimaryioricentraliphenomenaisurroundinginursing,ithatiar eiofiinterestitoiaiparticularidiscipline

• Health
• Person
• Environment
• Nursing
• SocialiJustice. PICOi-iCorrectiAnswer-Framingiaiclinicaliquestion: P-ipatientsipopulation,ioriparticipants I-iIntervention C-iComparison O-iOutcomes Concepti-iCorrectiAnswer- aigeneraliideaiorimentalinotionithatirepresentsisomeiaspectiofiouriexper iencesiandiouriworld. Conceptsiofinursing:icaring,iempathy,ifatigue,ispirituality,idenial. Theoryi-iCorrectiAnswer-Severaliconceptsitoiexplainiaiphenomenon.

FlorenceiNightingaleicon'ti-iCorrectiAnswer- FounderiofimoderniNursing. DiscoverediHowiunsanitaryiconditionsileditiinfections,itheispreadiofidise aseiandideath. Establishedistandardsiforicleaning,ifoodiprep,ilaundryi&ineediforifreshiai r. Nurse-PatientiRelationshipi-iCorrectiAnswer- Equal,iimportantiforitheicareiandiimprovementiofihealthiofipatient. Environmentalifactorsi-iCorrectiAnswer-Contributeitoigoodihealth:

• iFreshiair
• iCleanidrinkingiwater
• iCleanliness
• iLight nursingitheoryi-iCorrectiAnswer- Takesiconceptsiandisuggestsirelationshipsiwith,ibetween,ioriamongithe m. TheoryiandipracticeihaveiaiSynergistic/Symbioticirelationship. Theoryi&iPracticei-iCorrectiAnswer-- iyouiCANNOTipracticeinursingiwithoutitheory.
• ipracticeianditheoryiworkitogetheritoibuildieachiother.

• Theoriesiareialwaysibeingitestediinipractice. Researchiquestionsi(hypotheses)iemergeifromipracticeiandidevelopsinu rsingiknowledge. Theoryihelpsiwithiclientineedsi&iimplementicare. TheoriesiiniNursingi-iCorrectiAnswer-1.iPractice- Baseditheories:iFlorenceiNightingale,iMcGilliModel. 2.iNeedsiTheories:iVirginiaiHenderson,iMaslow'siHierarchy. 3.iAdaptation:iSisiCallistaiRoy-iAdaptationiModel. 4.iCaring:iJeaniWatsoni-iTheoryiofihumanicaring. McGilliModeliofiNursingi-iCorrectiAnswer- Familyicenterediapproach,ihavingifamilyiaroundiwilliimproveihealth. Healthipromotion. clientiisianiactiveiparticipantiinitheirihealthicareidecisions. AdaptationiModeli-iCorrectiAnswer-Everythingichanges.i Nursesijobitoifacilitateiadaptioniforitheipatient. Maslow'siHierarchyiofiNeedsi-iCorrectiAnswer- physiological,isafety,isocial/ibelonging,iesteem,iself-actualization

VirginiaiHendersoni-iCorrectiAnswer- Definedinursingimakingiisidistinctiforimedicine.i NursesicareiforiPatientsiuntilitheyicanitakeicareiofithemselves JeaniWatson'sitheoryi-iCorrectiAnswer- Throughicaringirelationships,icanitreatibody,imindiandispirit. EmpiricaliKnowingi-iCorrectiAnswer- Scientific,ifactualiandiobjectiveidataiuseditoiexplainiaiphenomenon. Typicallyiobservedithroughiourisenses:iSight,itouch,itaste,ihearing,ismel li(Ex.iassessingiaiclientsipulseioriBP) EstheticiKnowingi-iCorrectiAnswer-Creative,iartistici&iSubjective. Requires:i

• Interpretingiclientibehaviour.
• Understandingiclientiasicomplexi&iunique.
• Clientihasiownirelationshipsiandicontext.
• Nurse-clientirelationshipi&iempathy. PersonaliKnowingi-iCorrectiAnswer- Emergesifromiinterpersonalirelationshipibetweeniclienti&inurse.i- iComplex Requires:
• iawarenessiofiself,ivaluesiandibeliefs

• Acceptanceiofiothersifreedomitoicreateiself.
• Active,iempatheticiparticipation.
• iAuthenticityi&iintegrityi-itrueitoipersonalivalues.
• Understandingiowniwayiofi"beingiwith".
• Reflectioniandiexaminationiofiouriexperiences- ienhancesipersonaliknowing. EthicaliKnowingi-iCorrectiAnswer- Theimoraliknowledgeiofiainurseibasedioniservicei&irespectiforiHumaniLif e. Whatiisirightioriwrong. Valuesi&iethicaliprinciplesimayiconflict. Waysiofiknowingi-iCorrectiAnswer- Oneipatterniofiknowingiisinotitrulyinursing- itheyimustiallibeiuseditogether! Growthi-iCorrectiAnswer- increaseiiniphysicalisizei&icapacity:iheight,iweight,iorganisize,icomplexit yiofibrainiandinervous. Developmenti-iCorrectiAnswer- Continuousiprocessiofiincreasediskillsiandiabilityitoifunction:iprogressiv eiabilityiofibabyiasibeginitoicontrolimovement.

Piaget'siTheoryiofiCognitiveiDevelopmenti-iCorrectiAnswer- Developmentiofichildren'siintellectualiorganizationiandihowitheyithink,i reason,iperceive,iandimakeimeaningiofitheiphysicaliworld. Growthi&iDevelopmenti-iCorrectiAnswer-- Continuousiprocess,ibutiunevenipace.

• iInteractioniofigeneticsi&ienvironment.i(ex.ilang)

Periodsiexistithatiallowiskilliacquisitioniwhenipreviouslyinotimatureieno ugh. Piaget'siCognitiveiDevelopmenti-iCorrectiAnswer-1.iSensorimotori(0- i 2 iyears)- imouthing,irolling,iobjectipermanence;i 8 imonths(iuncomfortableiwithist rangers) 2.iPeroperationali(2-7years)- iEgocentrici,igrouping,ilanguagei&isymbols/letters 3.iConcreteiOperationsi(7-11yrs)- iLogical=iEarlyideductiveireason,icaniseeianother'siperspective. 4.iFormaliOperationsi(11--iadulthood)- iAbleitoiapproachiproblemifromimultipleiangles,iabstract,itheoreticali&i philosophicalithought. MoraliDevelopmentiTheoryi-iCorrectiAnswer- Abilityitoidistinguishirightifromiwrongi&ibaseiactionsioniethicalivalues.

Kolberg'sitheoryiofimoralidevelopmenti-iCorrectiAnswer-- iMoralidevelopmentidoesinotiadvanceiificognitiveidevelopmentidoesn'ti maturei(3stages)

• iPre-conventional
• iConventional
• iPost-convetional SigmundiFreudi-iPsychoanalyticali-iCorrectiAnswer- HowibasicidesiresiareiMetiinichildiareicriticalitoidevelopmentiofiadultipe rsonality. 5 istagesiofiPsychosexualiDevelopmenti-iCorrectiAnswer- 1.iOrali(birthitoi 12 - 18 imonths)-ibabiesiputithingsiinitheirimouth 2.iAnali(12- 18 imonthsi-i 3 iyears)-itoiletitraining 3.iPhallicioriOedipali(3-6)-imasturbation 4.iLatencyi(6- 12 iyears)-ithingsicalm 5.iGenitali(pubertyithroughiadulthood)-ifocusionireproductiveiparts. Psychologyi&iDevelopmentalitheoriesi&inursingi-iCorrectiAnswer- Understandingitypicaligrowthi&idevelopmentihelpsinurseito:

predict,iprevent,iandidetectianyichangesifromipatientsiexpectedipatter ns.

• Developiapproachesi&iprogramsithaticanienhanceiclientidevelopment.

• Frameworkiforiplanning Formsiofithinkingi-iCorrectiAnswer-Thinking- consciousiengagementiaboutiandiidea,ithought,ioriperceivediproblem. InductiveiReasoning-ileadsitoibroadiideas. DeductiveiReasoning-leaditoispecificiideas. CriticaliThinkingi-iCorrectiAnswer--Problemisolvingiprocess.
• iApplicationiofiintellectualistandards.
• Useilogici&ireasoningitoimakeiclinicalijudgmentsi&idecisions TowardiCriticaliThinkingi-iCorrectiAnswer- Basicicriticalithinking:itrustingitheiexperts,istepibyistep. Complex:iseeingicomplexialternativesiorialternateisolutions,iabilityitoia nticipatei&iweighirisks. Commitment:iAssumeiresponsibilityi&iaccountability.iActioniknowledg ei&iexperience.iSupportiyouriactions 2 imainiapproachesitoicriticalithinkingi-iCorrectiAnswer- InternaliProcess:iReflectingionivalues,iassumptions,ithinking. ExternaliProcess:iengagingiinicriticaliquestion,iwritingitoidevelopiandico mmunicationithought.iReflectiveipractice. BenefitsiofiResearchi-iCorrectiAnswer--identifiesinewiknowledge

• Improvesiprofessionalieducation.
• improveipractice.
• Helpsiitsieffectivelyiuseiresources. Ethicaliprinciplesiofiresearchi-iCorrectiAnswer- Researchimustibeiapproval byiresearchiethicsibroad. Researcherimust:iObtainiconsent,imaintainiconfidentiality,iprotectisubj ectsifromiundueiriskioriinjury. Participants:isubjectican: Reviewiresearchiethicsiboardireport.iRefuseitoiparticipateionibasisiofiet hics. Evidence-informedipracticei-iCorrectiAnswer- Decisionsiaboutiinformedipracticeishouldiinclude:
• Clinicaliresearch
• Patientipreferences
• Expertiopinion
• Resourceiavailability
• Contextualiinfoi(specificitoicommunication) non-researchievidencei-iCorrectiAnswer--QualityiAssurance
• RiskiManagementidata

• infectionicontrolidata
• Chartireviews (WithoutiEVIDENCEitraditioniprevails) Holisticicarei-iCorrectiAnswer- Focusesioniphysical,imental,iandisocialiwell- being.(mindibodyiandispirit).

iInterventionsicaniimproveitreatments,ireplaceiineffectiveiintervention siandipromotei&imaintainihealth. Holisticiinterventionsi-iCorrectiAnswer--touch

• prayer
• massage
• deepibreathing
• musicitherapy
• yoga
• hypnosis
• chiropractor Clienti-iCorrectiAnswer- Client'sihealthiisidynamici&iinfluencedibyiinternaliandiexternalienviron ment

Environmenti-iCorrectiAnswer- Internali/iExternalicircumstancesi&iinfluencesithatiinteract/affectihealt h. (socialiconnections,irelationships,ipolitics,iworldievents,icommunity) Nursingi-iCorrectiAnswer- Withinilegal,iethicali&iprofessionalistandardsiframework. Providesicareithrough:iApplicationiofiknowledge,iNursingiprocess,icritic alithinking,ireflectiveipractice,iprofessionalism,ileadership,ibesti&isafes tipractice. SocialiJusticei-iCorrectiAnswer--Concernsifairnessiinisociety.i- allishouldihaveianiequalichanceitoisucceediinilifeiregardlessiof:i

• Financialiorisocialicircumstancesi
• ethniciorigin
• gender
• religion
• age
• impairment
• sexuality. Goal:ifulliandiequaliparticipationiofialligroupsiinisociety. Process:iinclusiveiandiaffirmihumanipotentialitoicreateichangeiandiaddr essioppression.

McGilliModelioniclienti-iCorrectiAnswer--iresponsibleiforiownihealth.i

• activeiproblem-solver.
• ableitoilearnicopingiandiproblem-solving
• iableitoilearnifromipastiexperience.
• Ableitoisetihealthigoalsiandifindisolutions.
• Ableitoiuseipersonalistrengthsiforihealth. McGIlliModelioniHealthi-iCorrectiAnswer- Focusionihealthi&ihealthipromotion. Linkeditoilifestylei&ihealthihabits. Abilityitoilearn. McGilliModelioniEnvironmenti-iCorrectiAnswer- Nurseicanialteritheienvironmentitoienhanceitheiabilityioficlientitoicopei withisituationiandiachieveihealthyilivingibehaviours. ArtfuliNurseihasi 5 iabilitiesi-iCorrectiAnswer-- igraspsimeaningiinipatientiencounters
• iestablishesimeaningfuliconnectionsiwithipatients
• iskillfullyiperformsinursingiactivities.
• irationallyideterminesiappropriateiaction
• iMorallyiconductsione'sipractice

Caringi-iCorrectiAnswer--beingihonest

• givingicleariexplanations
• ikeepingifamiliesiinformed
• ipatienticomfortabilityi
• iinterestiiniansweringiquestions.
• iprovidinginecessaryiemergencyicare
• ireassurance
• iallowingitheipatientitoidoiasimuchiasitheyicaniasipossible
• ieducateifamilyionihowitoikeepipatienticomfortable. Communicationi&icaringi-iCorrectiAnswer--verbal
• non-verbal
• touch
• presence
• listening Culturei-iCorrectiAnswer- isiconstantlyiiniflux,igrowsiandichangesioveritime. ShapingiCulture: Religion,iethnicity,inationality,ipolitics,ipower,imoney. Touchi-iCorrectiAnswer--comfortingiapproach.

• Communicatesiconcerni&isupport
• requiresibeingigentleiduringiprocedures Presensei-iCorrectiAnswer- personitoipersoniencounterithaticonveysiclosenessiandisenseioficaring. (non-verbalicommunicationi&ipos.iandisupportiveiattitude) Listeningi-iCorrectiAnswer--ipayiattentionitoiclient'siword'si&itone
• tryitoiunderstandiclientsiperspective.
• observeiexpressionsi&ibody.i TRULYilistening,iyouiwillifindicuesithatiassistiyouitoisupportitheipatientii niachievingiaisenseiofipeacei&iwell-being. poweriandiprivilegei-iCorrectiAnswer--birthplace
• resourcesi(job/homes)
• education
• gender
• values
• physicaliappearancei (howiisiyouripositioniinisocietyishapedibyithese)

CulturaliSensitivityi-iCorrectiAnswer- beingiawareithaticulturalidifferencesiexistiandihaveianieffectionivalues,il earning,iandibehavior. CulturaliCompetencei-iCorrectiAnswer- theiabilityitoiinteractieffectivelyiwithipeopleiofidifferenticulturesi(sensit ivity) CulturaliSafetyi-iCorrectiAnswer-howiaigroupiisiperceivedianditreated. Social,ieconomici&ipoliticalipositionsiofigroupsiinfluenceihealthi&ihealt hcare. Howicaninursesiprovideiculturalisafety?i-iCorrectiAnswer-- Assessmentinotiassumption.

Criticalireflection:ireflectionipersonali&iculturalihistory,ivaluesi&ibeliefsi youibringitoiyouriinteractioniwithiclients.

• Recognize,irespectiandinurtureiuniquei&idynamiciculturaliidentities. Culturalicompetencei&iCodeiofiEthicsi-iCorrectiAnswer- Responsibilityito...
• Public
• Client
• Profession
• Colleagues

• Self Elementsiodiprofessionalicommunicationi-iCorrectiAnswer-- Courtesyi&iRespect
• Useiofinames
• Privacyi&iConfidentiality
• Trustworthiness
• Autonomyi(governmentiofioneself)i&iResponsibility
• Assertivness. Knowingitheiclienti-iCorrectiAnswer-Means:i
• avoidiassumption
• focusioniclient
• engageiinicaringirelationship. Nurse-clientiRelationshipiRequires:
• time
• effort
• curiosityi&iwillingnessitoilearn/care. 5 ilevelsioficommunicationi-iCorrectiAnswer--intrapersonal:iself- talkioriinternalithoughts.
• interpersonal:iexchangeiofiinfoibetweeni 2 ipeople.
• Transpersonal:iSpiritualityiorispiritualiinquiry.