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Disease Objective state of health, can be detected by medical science Concept A general idea or thought about something that represents some aspect of our experiences and our world Theory Several concepts used to explain a phenomenon, can be tested Hypothesis A testable prediction, often implied by a theory Erickson's developmental stages birth to 1 year Trust vs mistrust. Infant learns how to trust others.
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Disease Objective state of health, can be detected by medical science Concept A general idea or thought about something that represents some aspect of our experiences and our world Theory Several concepts used to explain a phenomenon, can be tested Hypothesis A testable prediction, often implied by a theory Erickson's developmental stages birth to 1 year Trust vs mistrust. Infant learns how to trust others. Erickson's developmental stages 1-3 years Autonomy vs. Sense of shame and doubt. The toddler learns to be independent and develops self confidence. Erickson's developmental stages 3-6 years Initiative vs guilt. The child learns to initiate his or her activities. Erickson's developmental stages 6-11 years Industry vs inferiority. The child develops a sense of competence in physical, cognitive, and social areas. Erickson's developmental stages 12-18 years
Identity vs role confusion. The task of adolescence is to try out several roles and form a unique identity. Erickson's developmental stages 18-35 years Intimacy vs isolation. The primary task of young adulthood is to form close, personal relationships. Erickson's developmental stages 35-65 years Generativity vs self absorption and stagnation. The task of middle adulthood is to help younger people. Erickson's developmental stages age 65 and older Integrity vs despair. Older persons reflect on their life and feel satisfaction or disappointment. What was the first hospital to open in canada in 1639? Hotel-dieu de quebec What is massage an example of? An alternative therapy What is the purpose of the nursing process? Organizing the ways nurses think about patient care What does critical thinking require? Requires recognizing that an issue exists, analyzing information, evaluating information and drawing conclusions. Must be in consultation with the client. What are the two main approaches to developing critical thinking? Internal and external processes Clinical judgement The application of information based on critical thinking and reflection Client The recipient of care Social determinants of health The economic and social conditions that shape the health of individuals, communities and jurisdictions as a whole. Why do nurses need assessment in the nursing process?
Helps the nurse systematically and deliberately collect data to determine a client's current and past health and functional status and to determine the client's present and past coping patterns. What are the variables of health? Developmental stage psychological spiritual sociocultural physiological enviromental Cues Information that you obtain through use of the senses Inferences One's judgement or interpretation of cues from the client Methods of data collection
Problem (nanda-i label) etiology (related factors) as evidenced by (signs and symptoms) What are the parts of the risk/potential nursing diagnosis? Problem that could be prevented (nanda-i label) etiology (related/risk factors) Marie rollet hebert Respected aboriginal people for their knowledge and health practices (home remedies) Jeanne mance Founded hotel dieu de ville in montreal; founded first hospital, cna gives an award in her honor Marguerite d'youville Founder of sisters of charity of montreal, which later became known as the grey nuns Florence nightingale Founder of modern nursing; proved that a clean environment led to reduced disease and wound infection Mary agnes snively First nursing superintendent of toronto general hospital school of nursing, recognized nursing as a unique profession Who definition of health A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity 3 historical approaches to health Medical, behavioral and soci-environmental Medical approach Focuses on treatment of disease; fixing the problem Behavioral approach Promoted individual responsibility for health
Socio-environmental Combination of medical and behavioral approach; health is tied to the social structure (poverty, air pollution) Nursing theory Set of ideas used to describe, explain or predict the physical and social worlds Maslow's hierarchy of needs Physiological, safety, belonging/love, self esteem and self actualization Erikson's psychosocial stages of development Trust vs mistrust (birth-1), autonomy vs sense of shame and doubt (1-3), initiative vs guilt (3-6), industry vs inferiority (6-11), identity vs role confusion (12-18), intimacy vs isolation (18-35), generativity vs self absorption and stagnation (35-65), integrity vs despair (65 and over) Inductive reasoning Leads to broad ideas Deductive reasoning Leads to specific ideas Critical thinking Combination of skills and dispositions to maximize one's ability to purposely reflect and think deeply Basic critical thinking Trusting the experts; step by step Complex critical thinking Seeing complex alternatives or alternative solutions; able to anticipate and weight risks and benefits Evidence informed practice Decisions about practice should include the best available evidence from clinical research, patient preferences, expert opinion, resource availability and contextual information Holistic care Focuses on the physical, mental and social well-being (person as a whole) Metaparadigm
A set of concepts or ideas that are important to the discipline of nursing What are the core concepts of metaparadigm? Person, health, nursing, environment and social justice Ethics Moral-ethical reasoning in nursing Personal knowing Knowledge from personal experiences Artful nursing Manual skill, ability to connect with patients, ability to critically think 5 concepts of artful nursing Grasps meaning in patient encounters, establishes meaningful connection with patient, skillfully performs nursing activities, rationally determines appropriate action and morally conducts one's practice Culture The values, beliefs and practices common or inherent to a group of people Culture sensitivity There is a preferred norm outside of which sensitivity and tolerance are required; minorities are tolerated by a dominate majority Cultural competence Being able to appraise and understand clients' cultural beliefs, values and practices; developing a more critical understanding of the contexts that shape experiences of culture Cultural safety Understanding of culture that recognizes that cultures are dynamic and constantly shifting in relation to power dynamics in our society Therapeutic communication Intentional and purposeful interpersonal communication techniques used by health- care workers with the goal of enhancing the physical, emotional and spiritual needs of a patient Phases of nurse-client relationship Pre-orientation, orientation, working phase and termination
Colonialism Loss of culture, knowledge, traditions, way of life, role in family and community, spirituality and health Wwi Nurses working on the front lines seen as self-sacrificing. Need for more trained nurses Post war Shift for nurses back to deprofessionalization to compliant handmaiden Wwii Sparked a shift to embracing family. Nursing respected as a career choice. Illness Subjective experience of loss of health