NFDN 1002 Final Review latest (updated) 2023 verified, Exams of Nursing

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What is the goal of Patient education Achieve optimal health What are the three main goals of patient educations

• Maintaining and promoting health and preventing illness --Restoring health
• Coping with impaired function What is the key factor the patient has to have to learn Motivation What is cognitive domain It's an intellectual behavior that requires thought What is affective domain It's about the feelings, attitudes, options, and values What is Psycho-motor domain It's being able to show skills, like doing a demo What are so barriers to leaning
• Physical
• Emotional
• Sensory
• Developmental stage
• Illness
• Language
• Grieving What is charting by exception When there is a change and you chart the most common expectation What is Functional nursing

The nurse's focus on the task at hand What is Team nursing The nurses help each other to achieve a goal so, the nurse never has the same patient What is Primary nursing The patient always gets the same nurse What is case management The Heath Care workers finds out the patients needs and finds the best stream of action for them (EX. being an educator, advocate, manager, researcher) What is the collaborative Practice Model

• It involves the intraprofessional team
• It's evidence-informed What is used to control odor from a wound
• Active Charcoal
• Silver
• Iodine
• Honey What are the sections in the Braden Scale
• Sensory
• Moisture
• Immobility
• Friction and Shear
• Nutrition
• Metabolism Disorders Is the patient more at risk with a higher Braden scale score or lower Lower

Six is the lowest you can get What kind of pressure ulcer is this:

• Non-blanch-able Purple Deep tissue What kind of pressure ulcer is this:
• Tissue loss and damage leading to eschar Unstagable You NEVER remove the eschar because you don't know how deep it goes What does serous drainage look like Clear watery and kinda pink What does Sanguineous drainage look like Thick and bloody What does serosanguineous drainage look like Thin and watery with a ting of blood (liquid blood) What does purulent drainage look like Green, yellow, or brown drainage What do you assess a pressure ulcer for
• Length
• Width
• Depth
• Color
• Peri-skin
• Drainage
• Undermining

• Sinus tract
• Moist/Dry
• Braden Scale Do you soak or cut the nails of a diabetic foot NO, they need to be sent to a specialist because, they have and increased risk for infection if they have open sores due to a decrease in circulation What is shear When the bones move but the skin adheres to the bed causing tissue damage in between the skin and bone form the grinding motion. When should you re position your client to reduce pressure ulcers Every 2 hours What is a sterile technique No microorganisms What is a clean technique Reducing organisms transition Where dose a sublingual medication go Under the tongue What do you need to follow a medical order The prescriber's signature What are the 11 Medication Rights
• (Right)
• Medication
• Dose
• Patient
• Route
• Time & Frequency

• Documentation
• To Refuse
• Reason
• Education
• Assessment
• Evaluation What are bulk forming foods Whole grain (high-fiber) Protein is important for
• Tissue growth
• Collagen
• Hormones
• enzymes
• immune cells
• DNA/RNA
• Blood Clotting
• Fluid Regulation
• Acid Base balance
• Nutrition and drugs are transported by protein What are the fat soluble vitamins A,D,E,K What are the water soluble vitamins C and B complex What happens to our hydration and digestive system as we age
• Decrease of thirst sensation

• Decrease in GI mobility
• Decrease saliva production
• Decrease in Vit.B12 synthesis because it gets absorbed from food What is Xerostomia
• Dry mouth Symptoms of aspiration
• Coughing
• Gagging
• Change in voice
• Drooling
• Crackles in lungs
• Cyanosis
• SOB How to prevent aspiration
• High Fowler's position
• Eat slowly
• DO NOT eat thin foods
• Place food on stronger side of mouth Aspiration can lead to
• Aspiration Pneumonia
• Hyperosmolar dehydration (feed with not enough water given) What does Hypotonic mean The fluid stays in the cells Moves from interstitial fluid to cells What does Hypertonic mean

Fluid leaves cells Fluid from cells moves into the interstitial fluid What does Isotonic mean The fluid in the cells is equal to the fluid outside of the cells How long should you leave your client with the head of the bed at 45-90 degrees after feeding 30 mins-1 hr What are the different types of therapeutic diets NPO (Not by mouth) Clear fluids (Broth) Full fluids (pudding) DAT (diet as tolerated) Soft diet (cooked vegetables) Pureed diet Thickened fluids (Jello) Low Residue (Grains, vegetables and fruits without the skin) What are the characteristics of a NG Tube Small bore feeding tube Starts at nose Short term What are the characteristics of a G Tube/PEG Tube Large bore feeding tube Directly into the stomach Long term use What are the characteristics of a PEJ Tube Small/low vol. tubes

Tube is inserted in the Jejunum Used for patients with an increased risk of aspiration What should the pH be of: The stomach The intestine less that 5. more than 7 How much of a pre-medication of feeding flush should you give 30mL How much water do you add to dilute a G Tube medication 20 - 30mL How much of a water flush do you give in between medications for G Tubes 5 - 10mL What is an intermittent feed Only at specific times More than 150-250mL at one time Increase the amount by 50mL every time What is a continuous feed Small amount over a 24 hr period Delivered in mL/hr Increases by 10-20mL every 12-24hr Why do we do water flushes To prevent dehydration Balances fluid and electrolytes What is the normal range for blood glucose

4 - 8mmol/L Why might a client develop tube occlusion Not flushing after feeding or medication What are the signs and symptoms of tube occlusion Dry cracked lips Sores in mouth Sore throats Where is an HDC inserted into The subcutaneous layer of the skin What are the sites we can use for HDC Supra-scapula Upper chest Anterior thigh Abdomen What is the angle of insertion for HDC 45 degrees What do we document when assessing urine Color Amount Clarity Odor Age changes for the urinary system Loss of muscle tone Decreased bladder capacity Decrease in sphincter contraction

Increase risks for UTI's Increase in prostate size What do these illnesses and chronic disease do to our urinary function: Cerebrovascular accident/MS Parkinson's Diabetes Mellitus Alzheimer's Rheumatoid Arthritis Urgency and frequency Overactive bladder Impaired bladder contraction/Decrease in sensation Loss of full bladder sensibility Slows mobility What is a cystoscopy Insert a camera to see bladder and urethra Uses anesthesia and sedatives What is Intravenous Pyelogram A dye is used to outline the collecting ducts, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra What does a urinalysis measure pH Protein Ketones Glucose RBC Specific gravity(concentration of particles in the urine)

WBC

What is an indwelling catheter A catheter used for a long or short period of time depending on condition. Has a inflated balloon in the bladder to prevent catheter from coming out. Has a double or triple lumen What is an intermittent catheter It has one tube for draining the bladder. Used for urine samples Why would you irrigate a bladder To remove blood clots Inflammatory bowel disease symptoms Abdominal pain Bloating Flatulence Anorexia Diarrhea Things that alter bowel elimination Age (Decreased mobility) Disease IBS Diabetes Pain Pelvic floor trauma (Labor and delivery, surgery) Illness Surgery Enteral Feeding Medication

What is the definition of constipation Less than 3 bowel movements per week How much fluids should you drink if you are constipated 1500 - 2000mL What is the definition of impaction Hard stool in rectum Why do we administer suppositories To promote defecation by irritating the mucous lining of the rectum/colon What position should you be in when administering a suppository In SIM's position on left side Why do we administer enemas To promote defecation by increasing peristalsis How long should you try and keep the enema solution in for 15min What is a loop colostomy Cutting the transverse colon temporary What is an end colostomy Distal end is sewn closed and proximal end forms stoma What is a double barrel colostomy Bowel is cut both ends are sewn together and brought out to make a stoma What does a pink stoma mean Anemia. REPORT this What does a purple stoma mean Poor circulation. REPORT this After a stoma is made how long does it take for the bleeding and swelling to go down

6 - 8 weeks What is an ampule It's a single dose of medication in glass How do you mix a clear and cloudy insulin in a syringe You inject air into cloudy, inject air into clear, withdraw from clear, withdraw from cloudy What are the sites for an intradermal injection Inner forearm Upper back Under scapula What is the angle of insertion for: ID IM SC/SQ 15 degrees 72 - 90 degrees 45 - 90 degrees Is the clear insulin long or short acting Short as to why we give it first What's the needle length and gauge for SC/SQ 3/8-5/8 inch 25 - 30 g What is the same about giving Heparin and Insulin. And what is different Both measured in units When giving Heparin you hold the pinch What is the needle length and gauge for IM

5/8- 1 1/2 inch 18 - 25 g Why do we use z-track for IM injections Prevents escape of the medication and irritation of the skin Do we massage the injection site after administration NO, can cause tissue damage When is reconstitution used When giving an IM injection were the medication is powder and you add saline to make it liquid What changes for older adults when it comes to oxygenation Increased size of trachea and bronchi Increased size of alveolis Decrease number of cilia Decreased cough mechanism Decreased lung expansion What is deep breathing used for Open the airways and increase lung volume Why is an incentive spirometer used To promote deep breathing and treat atelectasis Why is O2 therapy used Prevent hypoxia Decrease breathing effort and workload on heart What kind of oxygen mask should be used for someone with COPD High flow device Venturimask When should you humidify O2if

If >4L is being given What has to be done for a reservoir mask Make sure the bag is inflated before you place on the client Why would we suction our client If their auditory is moist, noisy, gurgling, coughing without secretions. Their visual is drooling. Why do we use a spacer with a MDI It brings the medication to the lower part of the lungs, instead of upper portion only Adolescents have what when it comes to sleep Sleep debt What kinda drugs affect sleep Diuretics Narcotics Hypnotics Alcohol Caffeine Antidepressants B-Blockers Anti-Parkinson Anti-Convulsants What are the benefits of mobility Increase blood flow Increase oxygenation Increase muscle tone and strength Prevents constipation, DVT, PE

What is Atelectasis of the lung Lung collapsing from alack of oxygen What is hypostatic pneumonia Pneumonia from a decrease in mobility What are TEDS used for They are tight stockings to increase blood flow back to the heart. They prevent Thombi's and edema What is passive range of motion The nurse supports and moves the joint for the client When going up the stairs with crutches, which goes first the crutch or good leg Good leg Why would you place restraints on a client If they can harm themselves or others How can a nurse promote communication with the client Approaching the patient Alter communication methods Teach the patient What is the definition of sensory deprivation Inadequate amount of quality and quantity of stimuli What is quality stimulation Meaningful stimuli What is quantity stimulation Overload of sensory information What is pain shaped by Culture The situation

Past experiences What do neurotransmitters do Transmit the pain impulse Whats is acute pain Sudden onset Protective Resolved with or without treatment What is chronic pain Lasted longer than 6 months Non-life threatening What is nociceptive pain A normal painful stimuli that damages tissues What is neuropathic pain Abnormal pain processed by PNS or CNS Does fatigue increase the reaction to pain Yes Can genes affect your pain Yes What are Kubler Ross's five stages of grief Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance What are Bowlby's four stages of mourning

Numbing Yearning and Searching Disorganization and Despair Reorganization Can the stages of grief appear in a random order and overlap Yes What are Worden's four stages of mourning Accept the reality of loss Work through the pain of grief Adjust the environment with the lose being gone Emotionally relocate and move on Knowing the client is gonna die before they do. What kind of grief is this Anticipatory Suicide is connected to what kind of grief Disenfranchised When someone changes after the death of someone or something (ei. they get chronically angry). What kind of grief is this Complicated Factors slowing the grief process Dev. Stage Psychological perspectives Socioeconomic status