NGR 5149 (ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY) MIDTERM EXAM 2024, Exams of Pathophysiology

Download NGR 5149 (ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY) MIDTERM EXAM 2024 and more Exams Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity! NGR 5149 (ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY) LATEST MIDTERM EXAM 2024/LATEST UPDATED WITH 100% CORRECT & VERIFIED ANSWERS/A+ GRADE/RASMUSSEN COLLEGE  Question 1 The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells? Selected Answer: Platelets  Question 2 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Selected Answer: Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring.  Question 3 What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Arterial stiffening  Question 4 0 out of 1 points People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle? Selected Answer: Dominance  Question 5 When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? 0 out of 1 points Selected Answer: The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)  Question 6 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? Selected Answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells  Question 7 0 out of 1 points What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? Selected Answer: Bounding pulse felt on palpation What are tumor cell markers? Selected Answer: Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells  Question 9 0 out of 1 points Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack? Selected Answer: Bacteria  Question 10 1 out of 1 points Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin? Selected Answer: Somatostatin  Question 11 What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Hypoxic injury  Question 12 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? Selected Answer: Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are a source of increased ammonia.  Question 13 1 out of 1 points  Question 8 1 out of 1 points  Question 26 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority? Selected Answer: Deep venous thrombosis  Question 27 What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual disability? 0 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Down syndrome  Question 28 1 out of 1 points A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. The healthcare professional assesses the person for which of these? Selected Answer: Use of glucocorticoids  Question 29 What is the cause of functional dysphagia? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Neural or muscular disorders  Question 30 1 out of 1 points What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine? Selected Answer: Salivation decreases.  Question 31 Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Secondary  Question 32 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to consider? Selected Answer: Ventilatory pattern is regular and rhythmic.  Question 33 0 out of 1 points The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Selected Answer: Bacterial endotoxin  Question 34 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? Selected Answer: Anterior pituitary tumor  Question 35 0 out of 1 points Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in? Selected Answer: Decrease in repolarization  Question 36 0 out of 1 points Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion? Selected Answer: Has long-standing kidney disease from diabetes  Question 37 1 out of 1 points A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity.  Question 38 1 out of 1 points The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Selected Answer: Atria  Question 39 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for hyperkalemia? Selected Answer: Renal failure  Question 40 What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Metabolizing bile salts, estrogens, and lipids  Question 41 0 out of 1 points A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K +) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na +) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency? Selected Answer: Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis.  Question 42 0 out of 1 points A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels.  Question 43 0 out of 1 points A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? Selected Answer: Ca ++: 12.9 mg/dL  Question 44 1 out of 1 points A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration  Question 45  Question 58 A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis? 0 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Autoimmune process with IgG attacking pancreatic acinar cells  Question 59 1 out of 1 points A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen  Question 60 0 out of 1 points The healthcare professional working with older adults teaches general infection-prevention measures as a priority for this age group due to which change in lymphocyte function? Selected Answer: Decreased number of circulating T cells  Question 61 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for? Selected Answer: Mitral regurgitation  Question 62 Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis.  Question 63 0 out of 1 points A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder? Selected Answer: More frequent blood glucose monitoring  Question 64 0 out of 1 points A student asks the professor to explain what effect natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates. Which response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Inhibits antidiuretic hormones  Question 65 0 out of 1 points Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? Selected Answer: Passive-acquired immunity  Question 66 1 out of 1 points A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior? Selected Answer: Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL  Question 67 1 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the papillary muscles. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves.  Question 68 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is assessing a child whose parents report poor grades in school, trouble paying attention, and naughty behaviors that have become so frequent the child is always in trouble. For which health condition should the professional facilitate testing? Selected Answer: Lead poisoning  Question 69 The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Lymphatic obstruction  Question 70 0 out of 1 points During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax? Selected Answer: Chordae tendineae contract, which pulls the valves closed.  Question 71 0 out of 1 points A patient's urinalysis came back positive for glucose. What does the healthcare professional expect the patient's blood glucose to be at a minimum? Selected Answer: 150 mg/dL  Question 72 0 out of 1 points The student asks the healthcare professional to explain how pulmonary edema and pulmonary fibrosis cause hypoxemia. What description by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Creates alveolar dead space  Question 73 What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause? 0 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Hypoventilation to compensate for the metabolic alkalosis  Question 74 What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of hypertension? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Ischemia of the tubule  Question 75 1 out of 1 points A patient has a peptic ulcer related to h. pylori bacteria. What treatment does the healthcare professional educate the patient on? Selected Answer: Antibiotic therapy  Question 76 1 out of 1 points A patient is in severe shock and is receiving vasopressin. A student asks the health care professional to explain the rationale for this treatment. What response by the professional is most accurate? Selected Answer: Antidiuretic hormone causes vasoconstriction to help increase blood pressure.  Question 77 0 out of 1 points What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant? Selected Answer: O  Question 91 0 out of 1 points The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in the heart is directly related to the of contraction. Selected Answer: Pressure  Question 92 Which statement is true about phagocytosis? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Phagocytosis involves the ingestion of bacteria.  Question 93 Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it.  Question 94 0 out of 1 points A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information? Selected Answer: The synthesis of 1,25-vitamin D 3, which reduces intestinal absorption of calcium, is impaired.  Question 95 1 out of 1 points A patient reports dumping syndrome after a partial gastrectomy. What does the healthcare professional teach this patient? Selected Answer: Eat small, frequent high-protein meals.  Question 96 1 out of 1 points What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood? Selected Answer: Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close.  Question 97 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what? Selected Answer: Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues  Question 98 1 out of 1 points What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? Selected Answer: Proteins  Question 99 1 out of 1 points What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation? Selected Answer: Muscle layer of the arterioles  Question 100 0 out of 1 points A patient has been admitted for a possible small intestinal obstruction. What is the first sign the healthcare professional assesses for that would indicate the presence of this condition? Selected Answer: Vomiting  Question 101 0 out of 0 points When completing this exam, did you comply with Walden University's Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity? Selected Answer: Yes