NHA Phlebotomy Technician Study Guide 1, Certified Phlebotomy Technician EXAM 2024/2025, Exams of Nursing

Download NHA Phlebotomy Technician Study Guide 1, Certified Phlebotomy Technician EXAM 2024/2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NHA Phlebotomy Technician Study Guide 1, Certified Phlebotomy Technician EXAM 2024/2025 With Complete Updated Solutions OSHA - ANSWERS,Occupational Saftey & Health Administration What vaccination does OSHA require all health care personnel get? - ANSWERS,OSHA requires that all health care personnel exposed to blood and other bodily fluids must receive a vaccination against Hepatitis B Pulmonary Edema - ANSWERS,Fluid in the lungs How much blood can a person donate in a session? - ANSWERS,500 mL Patients have the right to what? - ANSWERS,Under the Patient Bill Of Rights they always have the option to decline medical treatment and to know what tests are being performed on them. What can you NOT give a patient? - ANSWERS,Results or a diagnosis. Because you are not medically qualified to do so. Negligence is? - ANSWERS,Failure to give appropriate care. DON'T BE NEGLIGENT! PPE stands for? - ANSWERS,Personal Protective Equipment One of the most important practices is? - ANSWERS,Hand Washing is one of the most important (and easiest) practices used to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens Needles should never be - ANSWERS,recapped Sharps containers must be what? - ANSWERS,puncture-resistent, leak proof on the sides and bottom and must be labeled or color-coded Types of Hazards - ANSWERS,Biologic - Infectious agents that can cause bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infections Sharps - Needles, lancets and broken glass can puncture and cut, causing blood-borne pathogen exposure Chemical - Preservatives and chemicals used in the laboratory. Exposure to Toxin, Carcinogenic or caustic substances Fire or explosive - bunsen burners, oxygen and chemicals can cause burns or dismemberment Physical - wet floors, heavy lifting ance cause falls, sprains and strains * ALLERGIC reaction ** - Latex sensitivity is a PHYSICAL reaction to care worker allergic reation to the patient In infection control WHO is the agent? - ANSWERS,Person In infection control WHAT is portal of exit? - ANSWERS,Needle In infection control WHAT can we control? - ANSWERS,Mode Of Transmission OR exit of infection In infection control WHAT is a portal of entry? - ANSWERS,Mucas membrane In infection control WHO is a susceptible host? - ANSWERS,Person For obese patients what vein is used? - ANSWERS,Cephalic Vein is most likely to be the one you can palpate and draw blood from in an obese patient Cephalic means what? - ANSWERS,Head Most common complication in Phlebotomy - ANSWERS,Hematoma To prevent a Hematoma - ANSWERS,prevented if pressure is placed on the venipuncture site until bleeding stops If a patient faints what is the 1st thing to do? - ANSWERS,GET the needle out of the arm Vasovagal Syncope is - ANSWERS,fainting, dizziness before, during or after venipuncture Circulatory System funtion - ANSWERS,is todeliver oxyge, nutrients, hormones and enzymes to the cells. Transport cellular waste such as carbon dioxide and urea to the organs where they can be expelled from the body. Circulatory exchange is done where? - ANSWERS,capillary level 45% of blood is - ANSWERS,formed elements - Erythrocytes (red blood cells) = 99% of formed elements. Leukocytes (white blood cells) and Thrombocytes (platelets) All blood cells originate from - ANSWERS,stem cells in the bone marrow The heart acts as what? - ANSWERS,two pumps (right and left sides) Left and right sides of heart are connected by - ANSWERS,two circulations, with each pump equipped with two valves the function of which is to maintain a one way flow of blood Pulmonary circulations - ANSWERS,carries deoxygentated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. (alveoli) and return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium Oxygenation takes place - ANSWERS,at the alveoli - sacks in the lungs Systemic circulation - ANSWERS,carries oxygentated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body Tricuspid valve - ANSWERS,an atrioventricular valve, being situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle Pulmonic valve - ANSWERS,semi lunar valve situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery Mitral valve - ANSWERS,(bicuspid valve) is another atrioventricular valve, being situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle Aortic valve - ANSWERS,semi lunar valve situated between the left ventricle and the aorta How long does it take for a full circulation? - ANSWERS,one minute The average person weighting 155 pounds has - ANSWERS,approximately 5-6 liters of blood in their system. Blood composes of - ANSWERS,7-9 percent of total body weight of a person Blood has how much plasma? - ANSWERS,55% is plasma Plasma is what? - ANSWERS,a clear, pale yellow fluid what does plasma do? - ANSWERS,it carries nutrients, lipids, glucose, sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, antibodies, as wells as vitamins and hormones ect. What is 45% of blood? - ANSWERS,Red blood cells, White blood cells and Platelets. Known as the formed cellular elements How long does your body take to regenerate RBC you lose during donation - ANSWERS,6 to 8 weeks if you donate the maximum of 500 mL Three layers of the heart are? - ANSWERS,Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium Endocardium - ANSWERS,the endothelial inner layer lining of the heart Myocardium - ANSWERS,the muscular middle layer. This is the contractile element of the heart Epicardium - ANSWERS,the fibrous outer layer of the heart. The coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart are found in this layer Blood vessels are - ANSWERS,Aorts, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins, superior and inferior vena cava Erythrocytes - ANSWERS,Red blood cells or RBC's Erthrocytes contain - ANSWERS,hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein. How many RBS's per microliter - ANSWERS,4.2 to 6.2 million RBC's per microliter of blood. What is the normal life span of RBC's - ANSWERS,is 120 days What is leukocytes function - ANSWERS,provide the body protection against infection. How many WBC's for adults per microliter - ANSWERS,5,000 to 10,000 Do you note if a patient has not fasted? - ANSWERS,YES! 2nd order of draw tube color is - ANSWERS,Light blue Light blue tube has what additive - ANSWERS,Sodium Citrate Different ratios Light blue tubes MUST be inverted how many times - ANSWERS,5 to 10 Light blue tubes are used to test - ANSWERS,coagulation determinations on plasma specimens. * Certain test require chilled specimens* Always fill to MAX fill line 3rd order of draw tube color is - ANSWERS,Tiger top or gold top (gold in Utah) Tiger top / Gold top tubes have what additives - ANSWERS,Clot activator - (silica in Utah) or glass particles Fixotropic gel Blood cagulates with additive in - ANSWERS,15 to 30 minutes 4th order of draw tube color(s) are - ANSWERS,Green top Mint top Hash marks on label Green top tube has what additives - ANSWERS,Heparin combined with sodium, lithium or ammonium ion Mint green top tube has what additive - ANSWERS,PST - Plasma Seperator tube Hash marked tube has what additive - ANSWERS,Sodium Heparin Common tests for Green tubes are - ANSWERS,Ammonia Carboxyhemoglobin ( HCg preg test) STAT Lytes LYTES are - ANSWERS,electoliytes - potassium, sodium BMP Panel is - ANSWERS,Basic Metobolic Panel A Panel is - ANSWERS,A group of tests ordered together Sodium additive tubes test for - ANSWERS,Lithium 5th order of draw tube color is - ANSWERS,Lavendar Lavendar tube has what additive - ANSWERS,EDTA - Ethylenediaminetetraacetate BMP - chem 8 Tiger/Gold tube - ANSWERS,Basic Metobolic Panel CMP - chem 14 Tiger/Gold tube - ANSWERS,Comprehensive Metobolic Panel Drk purple tube has - ANSWERS,7. mL of EDTA - calcium binding agent Lt purple tube has - ANSWERS,3.6 mL of EDTA - calcium binding agent Pink top tubes are used for - ANSWERS,Blood banks / transfusion - for blood typing Lavendar top tubes are used for - ANSWERS,CBC = Complete Blood Count CBCAN = Complete Blood Count Automatice Differential CBCDN - Complete Blood Count Manual Differential ESR - Lavendar top tub - ANSWERS,Erythocyte Sedimentation Rate ESR tests for - ANSWERS,Sickle Cell Screening What tube is used for coagulation studies? - ANSWERS,Light Blue Tubes must be filled - ANSWERS,at least two-thirds full Tubes must be inverted - ANSWERS,8 times Hematocrit measures - ANSWERS,the percentage of the RBC's (Red Blood Cells) in a given volume of whole blood What test is ALWAYS given before blood donation - ANSWERS,Hematocrit 1- blood enters the heart - ANSWERS,Superior & Inferior Vena Cava (V-C) 2- goes to - ANSWERS,Right Atrium 3- from there to - ANSWERS,Tricuspid Valve 4- then onto - ANSWERS,Right Ventricle 5- and now out to the - ANSWERS,Pulmonary Artery - and lungs 6- back into the - ANSWERS,Pulmonary Veins 7- then onto the - ANSWERS,Left Atrium 8- moves onto the - ANSWERS,Bicusped Valve Differential - ANSWERS,A count made on a strained blood smear of the proportion of the different leukocytes (WBC's) and express as a percentate. A differential is a normal part of a complete blood count (CBC) Ecchymosis - ANSWERS,The skin discoloration caused by a bruise (contusion) Electrolyte - ANSWERS,A substance that will acquire the capacity to conduct electricity when put into solution. Electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and phosphate. informally know as "LYTES" Embolus - ANSWERS,A sudden blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot or some other obstruction which has been transported through blood vessels and lodged at a site to small for passage. Examples of emboli are detached blood clot, a clump of bacteria or other foreign material such as air. Contrast to thrombus Fibrin - ANSWERS,A protien formed during normal blood clotting tht is the essence of the clot Fibrinogen - ANSWERS,The protein form which fibrin is formed/generated in normal blood clotting Flash - ANSWERS,Relative to venipuncture, the appearance of a small amount of blood in the neck of a syringe or the tubing of a butterfly. This is a sign the the vein has been properly accessed. Formed Elements - ANSWERS,Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and platelets Gauge - ANSWERS,Needle Diameter is measured by gauge; the larger the needle diameter, the smaller the gauge. For example, a very large diameter needle (16 ga) may be used to hemodialysis, whereas a much smaller needle (23 ga) would be used to draw blood for laboratory testing Germicide - ANSWERS,An agent that kills pathogenic microoganisms Good Samaritan Law - ANSWERS,This law deals with the rendering of first aid by health care professionals at the scene of an accident or sudden injury. It encourages health care professionals to provide medical care within the scope of their training without fear of being sued for negligence Hemoconcentration - ANSWERS,A decrease in the fluid content of the blood (plasma), resulting in an increase concentration. This is determined by an increase in the hematocrit. Caused by a filtration of plasma into the body tissue and often created by dehydration Hyerglycemia - ANSWERS,Abnormally high blood sugar level Indirect Infection - ANSWERS,An infection transmitted through body fluids to blood Informed Consent - ANSWERS,Giving the patient adequate information concerning the method, risk and consequences to a specific procedure, it's reisks, expected outcome and alternatives Invasion of privacy - ANSWERS,This is the release of medical records without the patient's knowledge and permission Lipemic - ANSWERS,After blood is spun and seperated in a centerfuge the serum/plasma portion is milky in apprearance. Hyperlipidema would cause the blood to be lipemic Lymphedema - ANSWERS,Lymphedema is a type of swelling wich occurs in lymphatic tissue when excess fluid collects in the arms or legs because the lymp nodes or vessels are blocked or removed. Regarding Phlebotomy, this can be a major complication of mastectomies Multi-Sample Adapter - ANSWERS,A device used with a butterfly and Vacutainer holder to allow for then withdrawl of multiple tubes of blood during a venipuncture Four elements of negligence - ANSWERS,1-Duty of care 2-Derelict: breah of duty if care 3-Direct cause: legally recognizable injury occurs as a result of breach of duty of care 4-Damage: wrongful activity must have been caused the injury or harm that occurred Oncology - ANSWERS,The study and treatment of cancer Oxyhemoglobin - ANSWERS,Hemoglobin that has be bound with oxygen in the lungs for the purpose of transport of oxygen to cells of the body. In the cells oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide Papate - ANSWERS,To examine of feel by the hand. The technique is used to help determine the size, depth and direction of a vein Pathogen - ANSWERS,Any microorganism that produces disease Pathogenic - ANSWERS,Having the capability of producing disease Peripheral Blood - ANSWERS,Blood obtained from the circulation away from the heart, such as from the fingertip, heel pad and earlobe or from an antecubital vein Petechiae - ANSWERS,These are tiny non-raised red spots that appear on the skin from rupturing of the cappillaries due to the tourniquest being left on to long or to tight Phlebitis - ANSWERS,Inflammation of a vein as a result of repeated venipuncture on that vein Pipette - ANSWERS,A glass or transparent plastic tube used to accurately measure small amounts of liquid Point-of-care-testing (POCT) - ANSWERS,Defined as diagnostic testing near the dite of patient care. The driving notion behind POCT is to bring the test conveniently and immediately to the patient. This increased the likelihood that the patient will receive the results in a timely manner. Red Blood Cells (RBC's) - ANSWERS,One of the solid compontents of the blood which is notmally a biconcava disc without a nucleus. This is the component of the blood that contains hemoglobin with is responsibel for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. A Red Blood Cell count is performed as part of a complete blood count and ranges from 4,200,00 - 5,00,000 RBC's per cubic millimeter What is the additive in pink or lavender top tubes? - ANSWERS,EDTA What prevents the spread of disease at the mode of transmission point in the chain of infection? (2 words) - ANSWERS,Standard Precaution What medicine will affect a bleeding time test? - ANSWERS,Aspirin True or False? Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) is not a part of CBC. - ANSWERS,True A group of tests requested as one unit is known as _____. - ANSWERS,Profile True or False? Infection is harmful only when it causes illness. - ANSWERS,True What is the main barrier protection for performing skin puncture and venipuncture? - ANSWERS,Gloves Excessive squeezing of punctured finger will _____ the blood sample. - ANSWERS,Hemolyze What blood vessels have passage for both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood? - ANSWERS,Capillaries What is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? - ANSWERS,Endothelial Applying the _____ to the arm enlarges the veins so they are easier to find and puncture. - ANSWERS,Tourniquet Using antimicrobial sanitizer may avoid _____ infection. - ANSWERS,Nosocomial The three components of the circulatory system are: Heart, Blood and _____ _____ (Plural Term) - ANSWERS,Blood Vessels True or False. A Lavender Top Tube is not for coagulation studies. - ANSWERS,True A blood borne infection occurse when there is an exchange of _____ _____ (Plural Term) with blood. - ANSWERS,Body Fluids If blood was drawn from the wrong patient, who should you report the incident to? (1 word) - ANSWERS,Supervisor What is the most common nosocomial (Hospital related) infection? - ANSWERS,Hepatitis B Accession - ANSWERS,_____ number blood collection is the tracking number for the specimen. What color tube contains the additive Lithium Haparin / Sodium Heparin? - ANSWERS,Green The adjective describing a hard and cord-like vein. (Hint: Word ends in -ed) - ANSWERS,Sclerosed Outward - ANSWERS,You should cleanse the area of puncturing in an outword or inward spiral stroke? False - ANSWERS,True or False? When you see a sign that the patient is about to faint, you should continue the venipuncture. Yellow - ANSWERS,Acid Citrate Dextrose is the additive for what color top tube in paternity tests? Capillaries - ANSWERS,What blood vessels in the body are microscopic? Oxygen - ANSWERS,The basic function of the circulatory system is delivering blood with _____ to the body. False - ANSWERS,True or False? Explaining venipuncture procedure can be done right after obtaining the patient's consent. Carbon Dioxide - ANSWERS,The Circulatory System transports _____ _____ to the lungs. Higher Level Mask - ANSWERS,What is needed when there are airborne pathogens? (3 words) Fourth and Fifth - ANSWERS,The puncture site of neonatal blood test can be found on the heel by forming a line from the middle of the big toe and between the _____ and _____ toes towards the center of the heel. (Answer must be spelled out: _____ and _____ ) Gray - ANSWERS,What color tube is used in an alcohol test? Negligence - ANSWERS,Failure to give proper care that results in injury is known as? Syncope - ANSWERS,If the patient turns pale and with nausea, what could possibly happen? (Hint: Use the more medically correct term for this condition.) Quality Assurance - ANSWERS,What criteria is beneficial for program accreditation and inspections in a medical setting? (2 words) C - ANSWERS,The most important step prior to actual phlebotomy is: A) Proper Greeting B) Equipment Assembly C) Proper Patient Identification D) Wearing Gloves (Type the correct letter) Platelets - ANSWERS,What type of cell is involved in the coagulation (clotting) process? (Use the plural form of the word) A) Use a vein in the other arm B) Palpate the vein and try again C) Ask another phlebotomist for help D) Give up, go home and drink a beer (Type the correct letter) 70% - ANSWERS,For routine skin puncture use __% isopropyl alcohol. (include % in answer) Metabolic - ANSWERS,The amount of blood pumped by the heart depends on the body's _____ rate. Universal - ANSWERS,_____ Standard should always be followed for practicing venipuncture. 5 - ANSWERS,The human body holds a total amount of _ liters of blood. (Type the number) HBV - ANSWERS,What is the abbreviation for the Hepatitis B Virus? Reverse Isolation - ANSWERS,If the patient is susceptible to infection, he/she must be placed in _____ _____. Light Blue - ANSWERS,Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) test is akin to which color tube top? Lavender - ANSWERS,Central Venous Catheter (CVC) test is akin to which color tube top? Green - ANSWERS,An Ammonia test is akin to which color tube top? Red - ANSWERS,A Cardia Enzyme test is akin to which color tube top? True - ANSWERS,True or False? If there is an IV line on one arm, blood must be drawn from the other arm. Below - ANSWERS,If there is no other place to draw blood in a patient with an IV line on one arm (Ex: Pt. missing other arm) you may draw blood ABOVE or BELOW the IV line? Hematuria - ANSWERS,Blood in urine is also known as _____. Capillary - ANSWERS,On a patient's finger, what blood vessel is drawn from for labwork? Physology - ANSWERS,The study of function is known as _____. (Word ending in -ology) Glucose - ANSWERS,An Antiglycolytic preserves _____. Glucose - ANSWERS,The combining form "Glyco-" pertains to what? Glucose - ANSWERS,The additives in a gray tube (Usually Flouride Oxalate or Sodium Oxalate) is useful for preserving what? Green - ANSWERS,A STAT Electrolyte test pertains to what color tube top? False - ANSWERS,True or False? A Phlebotomist can draw blood from an artery. Oxygen - ANSWERS,Drawing blood from an artery to test the PH of blood and blood arterial gasses is also useful for testing the amount of what simple chemical? PH - ANSWERS,What 2-letter abbreviation refers to how alkaline or acidic something is? Heparin - ANSWERS,What is the blood's natural anticoagulant? An Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time test (APTT) also monitors this. Bubbles - ANSWERS,What would form if a centrifuge was in use without a cover? Aerosol - ANSWERS,If you centrifuge blood, what can be produced? (Hint: It is found in hairspray cans.) Sclerosis - ANSWERS,Constant puncturing of a vein may cause it to become hard; This is known as? Lavender - ANSWERS,Erthrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a part of CBC. What color tube top must be used? Physical - ANSWERS,Specific Gravity (SG) test is related to buoyancy and is not part of chemical urinalysis but _____ urinalysis. C - ANSWERS,A Coronary Risk Profile Test involves which 4 things? A) Uric Acid, Urea Nitrogen, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) & Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) B) Potassium, Amylase, HDL & LDL C) Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL & LDL D) Calcium, Heparin, HDL & LDL (Type the correct letter) Index - ANSWERS,You should use your _____ finger to palpate veins. Otomy - ANSWERS,The combining form related to cutting or making an incision is -_____. (Answer does not need dash prior to term) True - ANSWERS,True or False? A tube with anticoagulant should be inverted 3 to 8 times. Respiratory - ANSWERS,What type of therapist can draw arterial blood? False - ANSWERS,True or False? To properly discard a needle, you must first recap it before placing it into the Sharps container. Yellow - ANSWERS,In a sample for blood culture, a test is performed to see the microbes present. What color tube top is needed? Alcohol - ANSWERS,At times, iodine is used instead of _____ for cleaning the skin. Chain of Custody - ANSWERS,What is it called when a transfer of specimen is necessary for crime or police work-related sampling? (3 words) Plasma - ANSWERS,A tube with anticoagulant will yield this clear liquid found in the blood. Thromboplastin - ANSWERS,Once you damage skin with venipuncture, the first vial of blood collected will have a lot of _____. Light Blue - ANSWERS,In using the syringe method, what color tube must be filled first? True - ANSWERS,True or False? Policies followed by laboratory personnel must consider patient's bill of rights. Intestinal - ANSWERS,Fecal specimens are checked for _____ infections. Glucose - ANSWERS,If you discover the patient has hyperglycemia, you should contact the nurse immediately. Hyperglycemia is having an above normal _____ level. STAT - ANSWERS,If an organism sampled will decay fast, it falls under _____ microbiology. (Hint: 4 letter acronym) A - ANSWERS,The MINIMUM amount of blood to be taken for an infant's blood culture is: A) 0.5 mL B) 1.0 mL C) 1.5 mL D) 2.0 mL (Type the correct letter) Material Safety Data Sheet - ANSWERS,An MSDS will give you the composition of chemicals being used. What does the acronym MSDS stand for? Shock - ANSWERS,A patient is pale, cold, clammy and diaphoretic (sweaty) after phlebotomy. In one word, describe what the patient is experiencing. 5% - ANSWERS,A patient gets risk of iatrogenic anemia (too much loss of blood) if blood drawn is more than __% of their body weight. (Answer should include % sign) Which of the following statements is an appropriate introduction to a patient? A. "Hello, my name is Courtney. I am a phlebotomy technician and am here to draw you blood." B."Hello, my name is Ms. Johnson. I work at the hospital and am here to test for diabetes." C."Hello. I am a phlebotomist, and I am here to perform a glucose test." D."Hello. I am a phlebotomy technician and need to know if you are fasting." - ANSWERS,A. "A. "Hello, my name is Courtney. I am a phlebotomy technician and am here to draw you blood." Which of the following is an example of proper patient identification? A. ask the patient where he lives, check the medical record, and check the wristband. B. Compare the wristband to the laboratory order sheet, and ask the patient to spell his name. C. Ask the patient to state his name and date of birth. D. Observe whether the patient answers yes when you call his name - ANSWERS,B. Compare the wristband to the laboratory order sheet, and ask the patient to spell his name. A 19-year-old patient extends her arm and looks away when the phlebotomist enters her hospital room. This is an example of which type of consent? A. Expressed B. Informed C. Implied D. Minor - ANSWERS,C. Implied A patient has never had his blood drawn before. When explaining the venipuncture procedure, which of the following would be an appropriate statement? A."It will not hurt unless you move." B. "It will not hurt. I have done this many times before." C. "It may hurt. Tell me if it does." D."It does not hurt, but I will perform the draw very quickly." - ANSWERS,C. "It may hurt. Tell me if it does." A blood draw must be performed on a 5-month-old infant. Which of the following locations should be the first site choice for the collection? A. Scalp B. Antecubital area C. Finger D. Heels - ANSWERS,D. Heels Which of the following is the antiseptic of choice of venipuncture? A. Isoproply alcohol B. Povidone-iodine C. Chlorhexidine D. Ethyl alcohol - ANSWERS,A. Isoproply alcohol The first step in the patient care process is? A. assessment B. planning C. information sorting D. follow-up - ANSWERS,A. assessment To inform a patient what preparations should be performed for a test in the basal state, which of the following should the phlebotomist tell the patient? A."The test should be performed right after work." B." The test should be performed first thing in the morning." C. "The test requires that a patients records the times she took medication." D. "The test requires that the patient records that the last times her blood was drawn." - ANSWERS,B." The test should be performed first thing in the morning." C. Donated blood 9 weeks ago D. is negative for AIDS but positive for HIV - ANSWERS,C. Donated blood 9 weeks ago Which term is used to describe a blood donation from a patient for later use in his or her own surgical procedures? A. Transfused B. Autologous C. Autotransplantation D. Autoimmunity - ANSWERS,B. Autologous In a hospitalized patient whose blood may be drawn every day or every few hours, what type of anemia is commonly seen? A. Hemolytic B. Sickle Cell C. Iatrogenic D. Pernicious - ANSWERS,C. Iatrogenic Apheresis - ANSWERS,The removal of whole blood from a patient or donor; the components if whole blood are separated mechanically, one of the separated portions is withdrawn, and the remaining components are transfused back into the patient or donor. Autologous - ANSWERS,"Self;" in blood transfusion and transplantation, it means that the donor and recipient are the same person. Blood Bank - ANSWERS,A place where blood is collected from donors, typed, separated into components, stored, and prepared for transfusion to recipients; a blood bank maybe a separate free-standing facility, or part of a larger laboratory in a hospital. Blood Culture - ANSWERS,A laboratory test used to check for bacteria or other micro-organisms in a blood sample Blood Smear - ANSWERS,A blood test performed on slides that gives information about the number and shape of blood cells Dermal Puncture - ANSWERS,Also known as a skin puncture; a procedure in which a finger or heel is lanced to obtain a small quantity of blood for testing; also called a capillary draw. EDTA - ANSWERS,Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; used as an anticoagulant to keep blood specimens from clotting. Galactosemia - ANSWERS,An inherited disorder in which the body is unable to use (Metabolize) the simple sugar galactose, causing the affected patient to be used to tolerate any form of milk, as well as other foods containing galactose Hematocrit - ANSWERS,The proportion of the blood that consists of packaged red blood cells, expressed as a percentage by volume; the hematocrit test measures the percentage of hematocrit in the blood. Iatrogenic anemia - ANSWERS,A type of anemia that results from multiple phlebotomies; it is especially common in geriatric, pediatric, or underweight patients. Peripheral blood smears - ANSWERS,Also called blood films; they consist of a thin layer of blood smeared on a microscope slide and then stained to allow microscopic examination. Phenylketonuria - ANSWERS,Abbreviated as PKU; a metabolic genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase; the form known as classic PKU causes permanent intellectual disability, seizures, delayed development, behavioral problems, psychiatric disorders, a "mousy" body odor, lightening of skin and hair, and eczema. Therapeutic Phlebotomy - ANSWERS,A form of phlebotomy prescribed as treatment for patients with polycythemia vera (High red blood count) or hemochromatosis (high iron count) Blood glucose, pregnancy, and fecal blood testing are examples of which of the following types of test? A. High- complexity tests B. Moderate- complexity tests C. Physician- performed microscopy tests D. Waived tests - ANSWERS,D. Waived tests Fecal specimen collection is used to detect which of the following? A. Urinary bladder cancer B. Colorectal cancer C. Lower esophageal cancer D. Diverticulosis - ANSWERS,B. Colorectal cancer Which of the following types of urine collection is required for culture and sensitivity testing ? A. 24- hour specimen B. First- voided morning specimen C. Clean- catch midstream specimen D. Timed specimen - ANSWERS,C. Clean- catch midstream specimen For which of the following tests would a first-voided morning urine specimen be collected? A. Drug B. Alcohol C. Glucose D. Pregnancy - ANSWERS,D. Pregnancy Patients and phlebotomists must be very careful during collection of sputum samples for a tuberculosis test for which of the following reasons ? A. They are high light- and temperature- sensitive B. They may contain high level of blood alcohol C. The collection containers have a poisonous preservative inside them D. The collection containers have a poisonous fungicide inside them - ANSWERS,C. The collection containers have a poisonous preservative inside them Tubes needed for culture and sensitivity test may be kept at room temperature for up to how many hours? A. 2 B. 12 C. 24 D. 72 - ANSWERS,D. 72 Urine - ANSWERS,The fluid secreted by the kidneys, transported by the ureters, stored in the bladder, and voided through the urethra Protective measures that should be taken when working with a chemical will be found listed in the chemical's? A. material safety data sheet B. exposure control plan C. Blood-borne Pathogens Standards D. hazard communication plan - ANSWERS,A. material safety data sheet Which of the following is the most commonly occurring laboratory- acquired infection? A. Pneumonia B. Hepatitis B C. Human immunodeficiency virus D. Meningitis - ANSWERS,B. Hepatitis B A written exposure control plan must be maintained by which of the following? A. Practitioner B. Insurer C. Phebotomist D. Employer - ANSWERS,D. Employer Operational standards are established by which of the following agencies? A. CDC B. CLSI C. CLIAC D. CLIA - ANSWERS,B. CLSI Under which of the following circumstances should you place a patient into recovery position? A. If the patient is not breathing and there is no pulse B. If the patient has not been breathing for at least 10 min C. If the patient is breathing and you do not suspect a spinal injury D. If the patient is breathing and you suspect a spinal injury - ANSWERS,C. If the patient is breathing and you do not suspect a spinal injury Biologic Hazards - ANSWERS,Also called bio-hazards; any risks to organisms, including ionizing radiation and harmful bacteria or viruses; any conditions or phenomena that increase the probability of harm. Blood-borne Pathogens Standards - ANSWERS,An OSHA- mandated set of requirements concerning protection against pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted via human blood and cause disease in humans; these pathogens include hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) - ANSWERS,A basic emergency procedure for life support is used in cases of cardiac arrest to establish effective circulation and ventilation in order to prevent irreversible cerebral damage resulting from anoxia. Covered entities - ANSWERS,Those that must comply with HIPPA and provide health care services regularly, including health plans, health care clearinghouses, and health care providers who transmit any health information in electronic form Decontamination - ANSWERS,The process of removing foreign material such as blood, body fluids, or radioactivity; it does not eliminate micro-organisms but is a necessary step preceding disinfection or sterilization Defibrillator - ANSWERS,A device that deliver an electrical shock at a preset voltage to the myocardium; used for restoring the normal cardiac rhythm and rate when the heart has stopped beating, or is fibrillating. Exposure control plan - ANSWERS,An OSHA- compliant plant that explains ways to minimize or eliminate exposure of humans to blood-borne pathogens; in general, it should include its date of development, scope of information, universal precautions, engineering and work practice controls, personal protective equipment, and cover housekeeping, waste disposal, laundry, vaccinations with follow-up evaluations, communication, training and first aid. Protected health information - ANSWERS,As defined by HIPAA, any information, whether oral or recorded in any form, that is created or received by a health care provider; also relates to the past, present, or future physical or mental health or condition of an individual, the provision of health care to an individual, or the payment for the provision of health care to an individual. Recovery position - ANSWERS,One of a series of variations on a lateral recumbent or three- quarter prone position of the body, into which an unconscious, but breathing, casualty can be placed as part of first aid treatment Standard precautions involve A. Hand washing for the phlebotomist and the patient B. treating all body fluids as if they were infected C. asking the patient if has any infectious diseases D. wearing a disposable mask - ANSWERS,B. treating all body fluids as if they were infected Povidine-iodine should be used for blood specimen collection. A. When collecting blood culture B. If the patient is infected with HIV C. If more than four collection tubes will be needed D. When the patient is less than 16 years of age - ANSWERS,A. When collecting blood culture Hand washing should done before performing venipuncture A. If the patient has an infectious disease B. If the phlebotomist has an infectious disease C. In every situation D. In conjunction with the use if a mask and gown - ANSWERS,C. In every situation Acceptable HIPAA practices - ANSWERS,Discussing pt info with an assisting coworker Acceptable terms of adhering to HIPAA regulations - ANSWERS,Providing laboratory results to a 60 year-old patient's health care surrogate An accurate collection and inversion situation - ANSWERS,Draw a yellow tube and invert it 8 times Actions a phlebotomist takes with a patient who has had a recent double mastectomy - ANSWERS,Contact the ordering provider and obtain permission to draw from either of the arms The governing body who mandates the use of safety features on needles and the immediate disposal as one unit in a bio-hazard container after use - ANSWERS,OSHA Health care professionals should wash their hands with soap and water for at least how long to reduce the spread of disease ? - ANSWERS,15 seconds How do you tell a successful venipunture with a winged collection set - ANSWERS,A flash of blood How long is a chain of custody valid - ANSWERS,The time the specimen is processed until the time results are reported How many times should an EDTA tube be inverted for adequate mixing of the blood with the anticoagulant - ANSWERS,8-10 inversions How should a lactic acid sample be handled when transporting to an outside laboratory - ANSWERS,Chill the sample How to cleanse the selected site for venipunture - ANSWERS,Cleanse the site with an alcohol pad in an outward circular motion How would you label a blood specimen on an unidentified and unconscious patient - ANSWERS,Place the temporary ID number assigned to the patient on the specimen Information that must be included on the label of a venipuncture specimen - ANSWERS,Time of the venipuncture If the patient has a shunt placement in the right forearm and an IV placed in the left hand, what option best describes the optimal site for the collection of a CBC - ANSWERS,The left antecubital fossa Information that should be included in the chain of custody following a blood alcohol testing procedure - ANSWERS,The identification of each person who handles the specimen Instructions for a female pt to collect a urine specimen for culture testing - ANSWERS,Don't touch the inside of the container,clean the urinary meatus from front to back,begin voiding in the toilet,and then collect the specimen Instructions for a pt in preparation for collecting a urine sample that will be cultured - ANSWERS,T he specimen requires collection in a sterile container Instructions to provide a pt before performing a blood draw - ANSWERS,keep the arm still A laboratory is scheduled for a routine annual inspection with the primary focus on equipment maintenance logs,what areas will be the focus of the inspection - ANSWERS,Mechanical safety A light blue tube should be filled to which level when drawing an adult specimen - ANSWERS,4 ml The methods of reporting results by clinical laboratory abides by the standards set by the Joint Commission - ANSWERS,A faxed report from the clinical laboratory technician to the physician The most important step to ensure pt safety during the collection process - ANSWERS,Glove use The next acceptable way to identify a pt who's name is not located on the requisition order in a hospital - ANSWERS,Date of birth The next action when the tourniquet is released as the last tube of blood is being collected - ANSWERS,Remove the tube A panic value for 2 hr postprandial glucose test - ANSWERS,55 mg/dL The parameters that should be considered when selecting a collection method - ANSWERS,pt condition,pt age ,pt blood volume required A phlebotomist should verify that a pt has fasted for which of the following time periods prior to obtaining a fasting specimen ? - ANSWERS,8-12 hours The primary function of an erythrocyte - ANSWERS,Transport oxygen The process of cleaning up blood specimen spill on the counter - ANSWERS,Disinfection Proper protocol by a phlebotomist who retrieved a laboratory report from the office fax machine for a patient who just called looking for results ? - ANSWERS,Give the report to the ordering physician to review and notify the patient Proper way to select a vein for venipuncture - ANSWERS,Palpate for the vein using a tourniquet Quality control regulations for ClIA waived procedures - ANSWERS,Recording the temperatures of all refrigerators that store injectable medications every shift Redness on a pt's arm after applying a tourniquet is called - ANSWERS,Petechiae The steps to be taken post-veinpuncture to ensure accurate test results from bilirubin test - ANSWERS,Specimen should be kept away from direct light Technique of needle insertion into the antecubital space is in accordance with suggested veinpuncture guidelines - ANSWERS,with the bevel facing up at an angle of 15 -30 degrees To avoid cross contamination when should a PT be drawn - ANSWERS,Before a gold tube drawn Tube used for troponin collection - ANSWERS,Green top Using an evacuated tube method, what will result in a failed venipuncture if the needle is at a 45 degree angle upon insertion - ANSWERS,The needle will go completely through the vein The vein of choice for venipuncture procedure - ANSWERS,Median Cubital What action is taken first if a patient refuses a collection procedure - ANSWERS,Notify the provider What action performed after the last specimen collection tube - ANSWERS,Disengage the tube from the collection set What action should be performed when labeling specimens - ANSWERS,Ensure handwriting is legible What is the objective to make a slide for a blood smear after the drop of blood has been placed on the slide - ANSWERS,Feather the slide's edge What is the patient experiencing when they begin to lose consciousness - ANSWERS,Syncope What is the proper handling while transporting a CBC - ANSWERS,Keeping the specimen at room temperature What is the proper steps to identify a patient who's ID band is taped to the bed rail - ANSWERS,Contact a nurse to re-band the patient and provide a positive identification What is the recommended site for a infant capillary collection - ANSWERS,heel what position would you put a patient you find unresponsive and not breathing - ANSWERS,supine what questions should be asked when drawing blood for a PT&INR from a patient to make sure of the patient compliance for the test - ANSWERS," when was your last dose of anti-coagulation medication" What should you consider when choosing a site for an adult patient - ANSWERS,Hematomas are more likely What should a patient's hemoglobin at least be when collecting for blood donations - ANSWERS,12.5 g/dL What should you use to ensure the best test result for a blood smear - ANSWERS,Venous blood from an EDTA tube What tube is centrifuged and then separated for serum only test - ANSWERS,Yellow tube What tube top will be needed to perform a n A1C, CBC,hepatic panel and comprehensive metabolic panel - ANSWERS,Gold and lavender What would cause an ammonia level that was put on ice,and delivered to the lab for testing 3 hours later,to have to be redrawn - ANSWERS,An ammonia specimen should be delivered for testing immediately What tube is used for a stat chemistry panel - ANSWERS,light green what would you do when using the syringe method to draw blood for a culture from an adult patient and only 2 mls of blood was obtained - ANSWERS,Repeat the draw using a different site When a hazardous chemical splashes into the eyes of a phlebotomist,how long should the eye irrigation be performed - ANSWERS,15 mins When a patient is allergic to alcohol,what is the appropriate antiseptic to use in place of the alcohol - ANSWERS,Chlorhexidine What do phlebotomy errors occur most often - ANSWERS,site collection When performing a blood smear,what actions should be taken to ensure a quality result ? - ANSWERS,hold the slides at 30 degrees to each other when performing the smear When performing a collection for blood donation a phlebotomist is required to in inform the patient about what ? - ANSWERS,Rights to ask questions about the procedure When should a medication peak level be drawn - ANSWERS,30 mins before the nurse will administer the medication When working at a blood drive, what is the appropriate needle gauge for blood donation collection - ANSWERS,18 gauge when would you follow transmission based precautions - ANSWERS,A patient who has pertussis Which additive tube is used for a coagulation specimen - ANSWERS,Sodium citrate What areas should phlebotomist collect CBC sample from a patient who has a right-sided mastectomy and has an IV in her left arm - ANSWERS,Left basilic vein Which consent is applicable when called to the emergency department to draw blood from a patient who is in critical condition - ANSWERS,implied Which department of the lab are the following test ran: glucose,cholesterol,triglycerides and proteins - ANSWERS,Chemistry Which micro-collection tube should be filled last for capillary blood collection - ANSWERS,SST tube Which should be collected first from a capillary puncture:CBC,chemistry panel,lead and toxicology screen - ANSWERS,Lavender top tube Why should you avoid using a site with broken skin integrity during venipuncture - ANSWERS,increased rick of infection If chemical spill happens in the lab, what should you refer to for directions to clean up the spill - ANSWERS,MSDS What is Phlebotomy? - ANSWERS,Practice of drawing blood Phlebo means - ANSWERS,Vein ~tomy neans - ANSWERS,To make an incision Phlebotomy is an ancient profession dating back - ANSWERS,At least 3500 years to the time of Egyptians Earlier phlebotomists drew blood in - ANSWERS,An attempt to cure disease In EU and Middle Ages, barbersurgeons - ANSWERS,Performed bloodletting to balance the bodily fluids National Phlebotomy Association - ANSWERS,Accredits/approves programs, Certifies & offers CEUs State Certification is only offered by? - ANSWERS,The State of CA Two most important legal issues in phlebotomy are? - ANSWERS,Informed Consent & Confidentiality What is informed consent? - ANSWERS,That patient must be informed of intended treatment and their risks before they are performed What is confidentiality? - ANSWERS,All information regarding a patient's condition including types of tests ordered or results is confidential HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - ANSWERS,Covers the privacy of patient's medical information C P T - ANSWERS,Certified Phlebotomy Technician P B T - ANSWERS,Phlebotomy Technician R P T - ANSWERS,Registered Phlebotomy Technician 2h PPBS - ANSWERS,2hr postprandial blood sugar AIDS - ANSWERS,Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome ALP - ANSWERS,Alkaline phosphatase (Liver) ALT - ANSWERS,Alanine aminotransferase (Liver) ANA - ANSWERS,Antinuclear antibodies APTT - ANSWERS,Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time AST - ANSWERS,Aspartate aminotransferase (Liver) BMP (done in Chemistry) - ANSWERS,Basic Metabolic Panel BUN (done in Chemistry) - ANSWERS,Blood Urea Nitrogen C&S (done in Microbiology) - ANSWERS,Culture and Sensitivity CAP - ANSWERS,College of American Pathologists CBC - ANSWERS,Complete Blood Count CCU - ANSWERS,Cardiac Care Unit CK - ANSWERS,Creatine kinase (MI) CKMB - ANSWERS,creatine kinaseMB (MI) CLIA '88 - ANSWERS,Clinical Lab Improvement Act of 1988 CLSs - ANSWERS,Clinical Lab Scientists CLSI - ANSWERS,Clinical and Lab Standards Institute CLTs - ANSWERS,Clinical lab Technicians CMP - ANSWERS,Comprehensive Metabolic Panel CNA - ANSWERS,Certified Nursing Assistant CT - ANSWERS,Computed tomography diff - ANSWERS,differential DNA - ANSWERS,Deoxyribonucleic Acid EDTA - ANSWERS,Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ER, ED - ANSWERS,Emergency Room, Emergency Department ESR - ANSWERS,Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate FBS - ANSWERS,Fasting Blood Sugar GTT - ANSWERS,Glucose tolerance test HCG - ANSWERS,Human chorionic gonadotropin (Pregnancy) HCT - ANSWERS,Hematrocrit HDL - ANSWERS,Highdensity Lipoprotein Hgb - ANSWERS,Hemoglobin HgB Alc - ANSWERS,Glycolated Hemoglobin HIV - ANSWERS,Human Immunodeficiency Virus HMOs - ANSWERS,Health Maintenance Orgs ICU - ANSWERS,Intensive Care Unit Nursing services - ANSWERS,Provides direct care to patients Professional services - ANSWERS,Provide services at physicians requests Cardiac Catheterization - ANSWERS,Evaluates and treats patients with cardiovascular diseases Clinical Laboratory - ANSWERS,Analyses samples from patients at request of physicians or other health care personnel Nuclear Medicine - ANSWERS,Uses radioisotopes to perform tests and treat diseases Occupational Therapy - ANSWERS,Assess patients and design adaptive aids or compensatory strategies to help with physical or mental impairments Pharmacy - ANSWERS,Prepares and dispenses drugs that have been prescribed by physicians Physical Therapy - ANSWERS,Assess patients wboth before and after treatment and devise plans of physical treatment Radiation Therapy - ANSWERS,Treats cancer using xrays or other high energy radiation sources to destory the tumor Radiology or Medical Imaging - ANSWERS,Interprets a range of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using various forms of radiant energy Respiratory Therapy - ANSWERS,Provide treatment for respiratory discorders. They often perform arterial punctures for the determination of arterial blood gases Clinical Lab has two main areas: - ANSWERS,Anatomic and surgical pathology area which analyses the characteristics of cells and tissues and the clinical pathology area which analyzes blood and other body fluids The clinical lab is usually under whose supervision - ANSWERS,A pathologist who is a physician with special training in lab analysis Lab Manager - ANSWERS,Directs the administrative functions of the the lab, including hiring personnel Management Staff - ANSWERS,Includes Manager of Information Services (MIS) and Lab Information Services (LIS) coordinator Section Supervisors - ANSWERS,Supervise personnel, monitor equipment maintenance and monitor test results CLSs or MTS,Clinical lab Scientists & Medical Techs, Clinical lab Techs or Medical lab techs - ANSWERS,Run routine tests, perform equipment maintenance and collect speciments Anatomic & Surgical Pathology Area - ANSWERS,Usually divided into three sections or departments Cytogenetics - ANSWERS,Examines chromosomes for evidence of genetic disease such as Down syndrome Cytology - ANSWERS,Processes and stains cells that are shed into body fluids or removed from tissue with needle to check for presence of cancer or other diseases Histology - ANSWERS,Prepares tissues from autopsy, surgery, or biopsy for microscopic exam by a pathologist CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AREA - ANSWERS,Has different divisions for analyzing blood and other body fluids Examples of Clinical Pathology Area divisions: - ANSWERS,Blood banking or immunohematology, chemistry, coagulation and hemostasis, hematology, microbiology, molecular diagnostics, phlebotomy, referrals, serology or immunology & urinalysis and clinical microscopy Blood Bank or Immunohematology - ANSWERS,Deals with blood transfusions Speciments for hematology are drawn in: - ANSWERS,A plain redtop tube or special pink top containing EDTA Blood typing checks for two major antigens groups - ANSWERS,ABO Group and Rh Group Autologous donation - ANSWERS,When a patient donates their own blood for transfusion Centrifuge - ANSWERS,Separates blood consisting of RBCs, WBCs, & Platelets Cryoprecipitate my be used for: - ANSWERS,Patients with clotting disorders CHEMISTRY - ANSWERS,Performs a wide range of tests on the chemical component of blood. Specimen Collection and Processing - ANSWERS,Chemistry tests are performed on either serum or plasma. Serum - ANSWERS,Is collected in tube without anticoagulants (a plain redtop tube) or SST SST - ANSWERS,Serum Separator Tube BMP (used as a general matabolic screen) - ANSWERS,BUN, Calcium, Creatinine, Electrolytes, & glucose Coronary Risk or Lipid Panel (for risk of heart disease) - ANSWERS,Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides Electrolytes (evaluates levels of ions in blood) - ANSWERS,Bicarbonate, Chloride (Cl), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na) CMP (overall health std of patient) - ANSWERS,ALP, AST, Bilirubin, BMP & Total protein or albumin Glucose (levels of diabetes mellitus) - ANSWERS,2hr postprandial blood sugar (2h PPBS), Gasting blood sugar (FBS) Glucose tolerance test (GTT), Glycolated hemoglobin (Hgb Alc) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) - ANSWERS,Assesses the ratio of Hgb to the size of the RBC Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) - ANSWERS,Determines the size of the average RBC Red cell distribution width (RDW) - ANSWERS,Determines the range of sizes of RBCs Flow Cytometry - ANSWERS,A special analytic technique used in hematology, immunology or anatomic pathology. Flow cytometry - ANSWERS,Identifies cellular markers on the surface of WBCs Flow cytometry - ANSWERS,Is used to determine lymphocyte subclasses in patients with AIDS as a measure of disease process, and to determine CD4/CD8 ratios of helper to suppressor cells as a means of tracking the health of patients infected with HIV Flow cytometry is also used - ANSWERS,In diagnosing and classifying malignancies aiding in the development of treatment plans. Whole blood or bone marrow specimens are used to perform this testing MICROBIOLOGY - ANSWERS,The dept isolates and identifies pathogenic microorganisms in patient smaples and is responsible for infection control in healthcare institutions Microbiology comprises of: - ANSWERS,Bacteriology, Mycology (study of fungi), Parasitology (parasites), and Virology (viruses) Microbilogy speciments include: - ANSWERS,Blood, urine, throat swabs, sputum, feces, pus and other body fluids Culture & sensitivity - ANSWERS,Most common test in Microbiology C&S detects - ANSWERS,Microorganisms and determines the most effective antibiotic therapy MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS - ANSWERS,Performs testing used to diagnose genetic disorders, analyze forensic evidence, track disease, or identify microbiologic pathogens DNA is analyzed in the - ANSWERS,Molecular diagnostics dept for most of these tests PHLEBOTOMY - ANSWERS,Dept is responsible for blood sample collection from in & outpatients Phlebotomist - ANSWERS,Is also responsible for proper handling and timely delivery of samples to the labe for analysis REFERRALS - ANSWERS,Spt handles and ships specimens for test not done by the lab. SEROLOGY OR IMMUNOLOGY - ANSWERS,Dept evaluates the patients immune response through the detection of antibodies. Antibodies - ANSWERS,Are proteins that help fight infection by binding to surface molecules of the infective agents, called antigens Antibodies are found in - ANSWERS,Serum specimen collected in an SST or redtop tube Common Immunology tests - ANSWERS,Anti Haemophilus AntiHaemophilus - ANSWERS,Detects exposure to Haemophilus influenza B Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) - ANSWERS,Detects Autoimmune disease Xreactive protein - ANSWERS,Elevated levels indicate inflammatory disease Hepatitis B surface antigen - ANSWERS,Detects hepatitis B infection Human chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) - ANSWERS,Detects pregnancy Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) - ANSWERS,Detects syphililis infection Rheumatoid factor - ANSWERS,Detects rheumatoid arthritis T and B cell markers - ANSWERS,Use to quantify types of WBCs URINALYSIS & CLINICAL MICROSCOPY - ANSWERS,Used to assess kidney disease and metabolic disorders that alter the levels of substances in urine COMPLETE URINALYSIS TEST - ANSWERS, Clarity - ANSWERS,Detects crystalline and cellular elements Color - ANSWERS,Detects blood, bilirubin, and other pigments Specific gravity - ANSWERS,Measures urine concentration CHEMICAL EXAM Bilirubin - ANSWERS,Elevated leves indicate liver desease Blood - ANSWERS,Detects RBCs or Hgb Glucose - ANSWERS,Elevated levels indicate diabetes mellitus Ketones - ANSWERS,Elevated levels indicate diabetes millitus or starvation Leukocyte esterase - ANSWERS,Detects WBCs Nitrite - ANSWERS,Detects bacterial infection pH - ANSWERS,Determines the acidity of the urine Chemical hazards - ANSWERS,Hydrochloric acid is one hazard encountered which burns mucosal tissue and skin Identification of chemicals - ANSWERS,Begins with proper labelling. OSHA Hazardous Communication Standard - ANSWERS,Requires all manufacturers label hazardous materials Hazardous materials must have - ANSWERS,A warning to alert you to the hazard; An explanation of the hazard; A list of precautions to reduce risk; Firstaid measures to be used in case of exposure OSHA also requires each chemical come with - ANSWERS,A Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) The DOT label - ANSWERS,Displays type of hazard, UN hazard class number and an identifying number The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) label - ANSWERS,Is a design recofnized by firefighters that warns of the location of hazardous materials in the event of fire Reducing Risk - ANSWERS,OSHA further requires that every workplace develop & traub employees in a Chemical Hygiene Plan NEVER ADD WATER TO - ANSWERS,ACID Always add acid to - ANSWERS,Water If chemical spills on you - ANSWERS,Proceed immediately to a safety shower or eyewash station and flush affected area with water for a minimum of 15min Radioactive hazards - ANSWERS,Are used in health care facilities to perform diagnostic tests and deliver treatment Radioactive hazard symbol - ANSWERS,should be displayed in areas which radioactivity is in use Electrical hazards - ANSWERS,Usually result in shock or fire Emergency Response to Electric shock - ANSWERS,Turn off the equipment by unplugging it or switching off the circuit breaker Fire and Explosive Hazards - ANSWERS,May occur in labs due to chemical or electrical accidents Acronym RACE: - ANSWERS,Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish Acronym PASS - ANSWERS,Pull the pin, Aim at base of fire, Squeeze handle and Sweep Classes of fire and extinguishers - ANSWERS,There are five classes of fire identified by NFPA Type A - ANSWERS,Contain water or dry chemicals used for wood, paper and cloth Type B - ANSWERS,Contain dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, or environmentally safe fluorocarbons used for grease, oil, and flammable liquids Type C - ANSWERS,Are safe for electrical fires Type D - ANSWERS,Agents are dry powders used for flammable metals Type K - ANSWERS,Used in kitchens for cooking oils and grease MRI hazards - ANSWERS,Uses extremely powerful magnet to creat images of body Emergency FirstAid Procedures - ANSWERS,Healthcare works should be training in CPR techniques and refresh their skills biannually Bleeding Aid - ANSWERS,Apply direct pressure to bleed; Elevate the limb unless fracture is suspected; Maintain pressure until medical assistance is available C P R - ANSWERS,Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is a quick intervention for saving life. CPR procedure - ANSWERS,Determine if victim is conscious and call for help; If victim unresponsive, begin chest compressions or use an AED if available (defibrillator); Perform chest compressions by pushing down on chest btwn 1.52" Compression shold be at rate of 100 per min Disaster Emergency plan - ANSWERS,Usually in place for disaster emergencies such floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, or fire Latex sensitivity - ANSWERS,FDA require labeling of medical gloves that contain naturual rubber latex or powder Preventing latex reactions - ANSWERS,Individuals with known sensitivity to latex should wear medical alert bracelet A I D S - ANSWERS,Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome B B Ps - ANSWERS,Blood Borne Pathogens C D C - ANSWERS,Center for Disease Control and Prevention E Ps - ANSWERS,Expanded Precautions H E P A - ANSWERS,High Efficiency Particulate Air H I V - ANSWERS,Human Immunodeficiency Virus M R S A - ANSWERS,Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus Aureus N I O S H - ANSWERS,National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health O S H A - ANSWERS,Occupational Safety and Health Administration Droplet Precautions - ANSWERS,Used for pts known to have or suspected of having a disease transmitted y large infectious droplets that can be deposited on the conjunctivae or mucous membranes of a susceptible host Contact Precautions - ANSWERS,Used for patients known to have or suspected of having diseases or conditions transmitted by direct patient contact or by contact with items in the patient's environment Bloodborne pathogens - ANSWERS,Infectious agents carried in the blood, certain body fluids, and unfixed tissues as defined in OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogen Stds Principal accidental risk for a phlebotomist - ANSWERS,Is contracting a BBP from a needle stick Viral survival - ANSWERS,Practice risk minimizing procedures by disinfecting your environment equipment, control spills, clean up. 10% bleach solution - ANSWERS,should be made every day to be used as a disinfectant Examples of Blood pathogens - ANSWERS,Babesiosis, Colorado tick fever, Hep B, C & D, HIV, Human Tcell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types I & II, Malaria and syphilis Phlebotomy means - ANSWERS,Incision of a vein First step in routine blood collection? - ANSWERS,Correctly and positively identifying patient Which acronym is not a certification agency for phlebotomists - ANSWERS,NAACLS (National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Lab Sciences Which term is evidence that an individual has demonstrated proficiency in a particular area of practice - ANSWERS,Certification A phlebotomist must ensure that patient understands and agrees to have blood drawn by which process? - ANSWERS,Informed Consent The Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act of '96 regulates - ANSWERS,Privacy of Health information What should you do if a pt refuses to have their blood drawn? - ANSWERS,Notify pts physician The term informed consent means? - ANSWERS,A patient must be informed of all intended treatments and risks before the treatment is performed True statement - ANSWERS,Phlebotomy is an ancient profession dating back at least 3500 yrs Which state has led the way in state regulation of phlebotomy? - ANSWERS,California What is an additive? - ANSWERS,A substance added in blood tests to prevent blood from clotting What is an antiseptic - ANSWERS,A solution or agent for eliminating bacteria What is a bevel? - ANSWERS,The opening of a needle What is a centrifuge? - ANSWERS,Machine used to separate blood What is hematology? - ANSWERS,Study of blood What is plasma? - ANSWERS,A blood component What is hemoglobin? - ANSWERS,RBCs that circulate in body carrying oxygen What is a vein? - ANSWERS,A blood vessel (carries blood towards the heart) What is hematoma? - ANSWERS,Blood clot under the skin What is a tourniquet? - ANSWERS,A rubber strip used to constrict or slow blood flow Anticoagulant - ANSWERS,An additive that thins out blood to prevent clotting Aorta - ANSWERS,Largest artery in the body originating from the left ventricle and supplies blood to the whole body (systemic) Basophils - ANSWERS,WBCs fights infection RBCs - ANSWERS,Erythrocytes carry oxygen all over the body Platelets (thrombocytes) - ANSWERS,Are RBCs that form clots Capillaries - ANSWERS,The smallest of body's blood vessels; very fragile. Carry bright red or darker red depending on gas exchange Coagulation - ANSWERS,Clotting Dermapuncture - ANSWERS,Piercing of skin Hemoglobin - ANSWERS,A protein molecule in RBCs that carries Oxygen thru' out the body Palpate - ANSWERS,Feel of the skin/part of body Whole blood - ANSWERS,Fresh blood (no constituents are removed S S T (Serum separator tube) - ANSWERS,Separator added to produce serum Red Top tube - ANSWERS,Has serum separator no additive Brick top tube - ANSWERS,Has serum separator no additive Purple or lavendar top - ANSWERS,For plasma has EDTA additive