NHCO Exam-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025, Exams of Advanced Education

Download NHCO Exam-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! NHCO Exam-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025 Ch 1. The amount of drawn is the PURPOSE of the phlebotomy? - ANSWER Blood Ch 1. Phlebo means? - ANSWER vein Ch 1. -tomy means? - ANSWER incision Ch 1. Reason for bloodletting? - ANSWER Rid body of excess fluids believed to carry infection Ch 1. What does the red and white stripes of a barber's pole mean? - ANSWER red = blood white = bandages Ch 1. What is the most important thing you are in charge of as a phlebotomist? - ANSWER - positively identify the patient - Ask them to state & SPELL their full name and DOB (Date of Birth) Ch 1. All patient's have what? - ANSWER RIGHTS Ch 1. Which law requires providers to get written permission before disclosing healthcare information to anyone outside the provider team? - ANSWER HIPAA - health insurance portability and accountability act Ch 1. What describes any individually identifiable health information that is transmission or stored electronically? - ANSWER PHI (Protected Health Information) Ch 1. What percentage of communication is NONVERBAL? - ANSWER 80% Ch 1. What does CLSI stand for? What is CLSI purpose? - ANSWER Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute -- global, non profit organization that develops standards using representatives taken directly from the fields they oversee. -- to develop clinical and laboratory practices and promote their use worldwide Ch 2. -- least common Ch 4. What is direct contact transmission? Example? - ANSWER pathogen is transmitted directly from an infected individual to another person or creature --Skin-to-skin contact Ch 4. What is an indirect contact transmission? Example? - ANSWER a fomite serves as a temporary reservoir for the infectious agent -- Contact with a contaminated object such as clothing Ch 4. What is droplet transmission? Example? - ANSWER infectious agent is so small that it can suspend in air and travel across vast space -- Sneezing & coughing Ch 4. what is airborne transmission? example? - ANSWER infectious agent is so small that it can suspend in air and travel across vast space -- tuberculosis Ch 4. what is vehicle transmission? example? - ANSWER agent is contained in bodily fluids that the susceptible host contacts Doorknob, faucet, public telephone, pen in the mouth Ch 4. what is vector-borne transmission? example? - ANSWER pathogen transmitted through an invertebrate (insect) Malaria, Lyme disease, or Dengue virus Ch 4. what is parenteral transmission? example? - ANSWER disease or infection is transmitted other than by mouth, nose or eyes -- needle stick, open wound, hangnail Ch 4. what is a nosocomial infection? - ANSWER defines any infection connected in a healthcare setting -- most common = respiratory Ch 4. OSHA requires all healthcare personal who may be exposed to bodily fluids receive the hepatitis B vaccine within days of employment. How many series of Hepatitis shots are there? - ANSWER 10 days 3 shots Ch 4. What is the easiest & most effective way to break the chain of transmission? - ANSWER Washing your hands Ch 4. what are the 4 main types of PPE? in which order do you remove PPE? - ANSWER 1. Gloves 2.Goggles or safety glasses 3.Gown 4.Mas k Steps: 1.gloves 2.goggles 3.gown 4.mas k Ch 4. what is medical asepsis? - ANSWER -- destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after leaving the body -- involves environmental hygiene measures like hand washing, equipment cleaning, and disinfection procedures 4.full out exposure report form 5.collect your blood and patient to text HBV or HIV (must get their consent) Ch 5. If you are cleaning up BLOOD on chairs, lab tables, or hard flooring what do you use? - ANSWER 10% BLEACH over the blood and leave it for at least 10 MINUTES = 1:10 ratio Ch 5. true/false Needles should be recapped to be used again later - ANSWER FALSE Ch 5. If a sharps container is overflowing what should you do? At what full length do sharps containers need to be locked and disposed of? - ANSWER Report the violation to your supervisor -- 2/3 full Ch 6. What are the 3 purposes of the nervous system? - ANSWER 1. central controlling 2.regulation 3.communicati on Ch 6. what does the PNS consist of? what does the CNS consist of? - ANSWER - nerves + ganglia - brain + spine Ch 6. what are the 2 main nerves in the arm? - ANSWER 1. musculocutaneous nerve 2. radial nerve Ch 6. True/False Muscle fibers can contract or pull but can never push. - ANSWER true Ch 6. List and describe the 3 types of muscles in our body. - ANSWER 1. cardiac = striated, only one the branches + makes up great 2.skeletal = enable body to move + attached to bones 3.smooth = involuntary muscle that enables the movement of internal organs Ch 6. what is the largest organ of the human body? - ANSWER skin Ch 6. List and describe the 3 layers of skin from the surface in. - ANSWER 1. epidermis = barrier to outside world 2.dermis = sweat glands, hair roots, dense connective tissues 3.subcutaneous= adipose fat tissue, maintain body temperature, protect organ s Ch 6. What is the urinary systems primary function? - ANSWER 1. maintain volume and composition of body fluids 2. rid the body of waste that accumulates from cellular metabolism Ch. 7 what is the purpose of our circulatory system? - ANSWER - deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and enzymes to our cells Ch 7. Name and describe the 3 layers of the hearts from inner to our layer. - ANSWER 1. endocardium - endothelial layer 2.myocardium - muscular layer 3.epicardium - fibrous layer Ch 7. how many chambers do our hearts have? what is the name of the top chambers? what is the name of the lower chambers? - ANSWER 4 atriums ventricles Ch 8. what is the percentage of plasma in our blood? what is the percentage of elements (cells) in our blood? describe what's in plasma and cells. - ANSWER plasma - 55% --- nutrients, lipids, vitamins, O2, CO2 cells - 45% --- platelets, RBC, WBC Ch 8. what are thrombocytes? where are they formed? what is their purpose? - ANSWER 1. platelets 2.bone marrow 3.repair blood vessels + blood coagulation Ch 8. what are erythrocytes? what is their purpose? - ANSWER 1. Red blood cells (RBC) 2. contain hemoglobin = oxygen carrying protein Ch 8. what are leukocytes? what is their purpose? - ANSWER 1. White blood cells (WBC) 2. provide infection protection to the body Ch 8. what does leukocytosis diagnose? what does leukopenia diagnose? - ANSWER -cytosis = increased WBC = infection/leukemia -penia = decreased WBC = viral infection/chemotherapy Ch 8. name the percentage ranges for the following WBC: neutrophils lymphocyt es monocytes eosinophils basophils - ANSWER 1. 40-60% 2. 20-40% 3. 3-8% 4. 1-3% 5. 0-1% Ch 8. describe the purposes for the following WBC: neutrophils lymphocyt es monocytes eosinophils basophils - ANSWER 1. phagocytic= engulf + digest bacteria 2. immunity during viral infection 3. largest WBC - intracellular infections/tuberculosis 4.active against antibody-labeled foreign molecules + fight allergies 5.allergic reactions Ch 8. what is plasma? what is serum? - ANSWER plasma = liquid portion of anticoagulated blood what is hemostasis? - ANSWER process by which blood vessels repair after injury Ch 9. name and describe the 4 stages of blood vessel repair. - ANSWER 1. vascular - slowing blood flow 2.platelet - platelets adhere 3.coagulation - coagulation factors convert platelet plug to stable fibrin clot 4.fibrinolysis - break down and removal of clot Ch 10. what is plasm? what is serum? - ANSWER -- the liquid portion of the unclotted blood and still contains the clotting factors -- the liquid portion of blood that has been allowed to clot (coagulate) Ch 10. Tubes WITH anticoagulants - ANSWER Lavender Green (light + dark) Pink Royal Blue (Lavender stripe) Light Blue Gray -Will produce plasma when spun in centrifuge Ch 10. Tubes WITHOUT anticoagulants - ANSWER Clear - Discard tube Red - glass Red - plastic (clot activator) SST (tiger, gold, marble top) Royal Blue (Red stripe) -Will produce serum when centrifuged Ch 10. CLSI order of draw? - ANSWER 1. Blood culture 2x 2.Clear tube (or red) --- ONLY USED IF NO BLOOD CULTURE 3.Light blue 4.royal blue + red stripe 5.Red top (plastic) 6.SST (tiger) 7. light green 8.dark green 9.Pink 10.Lavender 11.royal blue + blue/lavender line 12.Grey Ch 10. Blood Cultures? additive lab solutio n collection method - ANSWER - Nutrient broth + SPS (sodium polyanethole sulfonate) - Microbiology - Anaerobic (O2) & Aerobic (no O2) Ch 10. Light Blue tube? additive Light green? Additive Yields Lab Common tests - ANSWER - Lithium heparin (anticoagulant) + thixotropic gel (plasma separator) - Plasma - Chemistry - STAT electrolytes, (hCG + hcG qualitative/quantitative = pregnancy tests) Ch 10. Green? Additiv e Yields Lab Common tests - ANSWER - Sodium heparin (anticoagulant) - Plasma - Chemistry - Ammonia Ch. 10 Pink? Additiv e Yields Lab Common tests - ANSWER - Potassium EDTA (anticoagulant) - Plasma - Blood bank - Type & screen ratio (TSR), cross match Ch. 10 Lavende r? Additive Yields Lab Common tests - ANSWER - EDTA - Plasma - Hematology - Sickle cells, platelets, hemoglobin, blood count Ch. 10 Royal blue + lavender? Additive Yield s Lab Common tests - ANSWER - EDTA - Plasma - Toxicology - Lead poisoning / heavy metal toxicology Ch. 10 Grey? Additiv e Yields Lab Common tests - ANSWER - Sodium fluoride (antiglycolytic) + potassium oxalate (anticoagulant) - Plasma - Chemistry - OGGT, lactic acid, alcohol Which fingers are chosen for finger sticks? - ANSWER 3rd or 4th finger on the nondominant hand + slightly to the side of the finger pad Ch 11. What is the depth of heel punctures for infants? What about preemies? - ANSWER Infants = 2 mm Preemies = 0.85 mm Ch 11. What is the order for CLSI capillary draw? - ANSWER E.H.A.S 1.EDTA 2.Heparin 3.any other additive 4.Serum Ch 12. What does "basal state" refer to? - ANSWER Fasting Ch 12. At what 2 points should blood be drawn from a patient to test if they maintain a therapeutic plasma level? - ANSWER Trough (lowest chemical blood level) + peak (highest chemical blood level) Ch 12. Name an example for each section that requires special handling: 1.Chilling 2.Warm 3.Light protection 4.Without statis (no tourniquet) - ANSWER 1. Ammonia, PTT, ABG 2.Cryoglobulin 3.Bilirubin, vitamin B6 4.Lactic acid Ch 13. What is the glucose tolerance test used for? Does blood have to be drawn at different times or only just once? - ANSWER - Diagnose diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes ( during pregnancy) --- Test are ordered in different time windows Ch. 13 What is a PKU screening test? Which age is it for? - ANSWER - Detect phenylketonuria = genetic disease that causes mental retardation + brain damage - Infants (72 hours) Ch 13. What are the 4 most common tests performed on Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)? Can you draw other samples after conduction a ABG blood draw? - ANSWER 1.Oxygen 2.Carbon dioxide 3.pH balance 4.bicarbonate - nothing else must occur between that collection and testing Ch 14. Ch 15. What is polycythemia vera? How it is treated? - ANSWER - Too many red bloods cells - Blood draw of 500 mL = therapeutic donation Ch 15. What is hemochromatosis? - ANSWER Patient is holding too much iron in their system Ch 15. What is the purpose of a centrifuge? What is the one thing you have to remember to do before running the centrifuge? - ANSWER - Separating the formed cells + plasma + serum of blood - Make sure the sample is balanced in the machine = placed on opposite side + equal weight Ch 15. How full must a capillary tube be when running a hematocrit (total red blood cell ratio to total blood volume expressed) test? - ANSWER 2/3 full Ch 15. When creating a blood smear, which colored tube should be used during collection? What is the characteristic of a good blood smear on microscopic slides? - ANSWER - Lavender = EDTA (plasma) - Feathered edge = single cell layer Ch 15. True/False Hemolyzed specimens are usually caused by the phlebotomist and consist of the serum or plasm having a pink to reddish tint - ANSWER TRUE = breaking a red blood cell membranes Ch 15. Name one test from each category. 1.Comprehensive Metabolite Panel (CMP) 2.Basic Metabolite Panel (BMP) 3.Electrolyte 4.Lipid 5.Acute hepatitis 6.Hepatic live function 7.Obstetric/prenatal 8.Renal/kidney function - ANSWER 1. Glucose 2.Sodium 3.Co2 4.Triglycerides 5.Hepatitis antibodies (ABC) 6.Direct bilirubin 7.ABO/RH type 8.Chloride Ch 16. Which section of clinical laboratories is the most extensive and automated? - ANSWER Chemistry Ch 16. Which section of clinical laboratories evaluate the patient's immune response through antibodies? S = squeeze the trigger S = sweeping the base of the fire Ch 17. name the 4 classes of fires. - ANSWER 1. Class A 2.Class B 3.Class C 4.Class D Ch 17. what do Safety Data Sheets (SDS) list out for lab safety? - ANSWER list information about storage, hazards, transportation issues, and first aid to anyone dealing with a chemical Ch 18. Blood donation episodes should be more than days apart. - ANSWER 56 days Ch 18. what type of blood is the best sample for determining blood acidity and blood gases? - ANSWER arterial blood Ch 18. what are the 3 arteries that are used to test arterial blood gas (ABG)? - ANSWER 1. radial - most favored draw site 2.brachial 3. femoral