Nightingale Anatomy Final Review., Exams of Anatomy

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Nightingale Anatomy Final Review

The lungs are located in the - thoracic cavity The number of abdominal regions is - nine When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a(n): - tissue An organ is one organizational level higher than a(n): - tissue The neck is _________ compared to the right shoulder - Medial Popliteal refers to the - area behind the knee Molecules are - atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates. A frontal section divides the body into ______ portions - front and back If your reference point is "farthest from the trunk of the body" versus "nearest to the trunk of the body," where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? - proximal The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the -

heart In anatomical position the wrist is _______ as compared to the elbow - Inferior The brain is ________ as compared to the skull - Deep An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a - Tissue Blood production is a function of which system? - skeletal A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called: - sagittal Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of - organelles Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n): - organ A Sagittal section divides the body into _______ portions - right and left A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior sides is called: - Coronal Which of the following does not describe anatomical position - Pinky is lateral as compared to the thumb

A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the _____ region. - right hypochondriac The structure that is called the powerhouse of the cell is the - mitochondria The mediastinum contains all of the following except - right lung The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are - cells Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life - balance an xray technician has been asked to make xray films of the liver. Which of the abdominopelvic regions must be included - Right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac The reproductive system includes all of the following except the - ureter Two major cavities of the human body are - ventral/dorsal. Page: 11 The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint? - umbilicus The plan that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the ________ plane -

Transverse Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water - 50% The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell - 4 The kind of element is determined by the number of - protons In the presence of a base, litmus paper will - Turn blue The study of metabolism includes examination of - all of the above Carbon has atomic number of 6. The number of electrons in the first shell is - 2 When atoms combine, they may gain, loose, or share - Electrons The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: - dehydration synthesis An example of an element would be - Ne The most abundant and important compound in the body is - Water

A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (Oh-) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a __________ solution - alkaline; basic As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases the - solution becomes more acidic The approximate pH of gastric fluid is - 2 Which of the following represents a trace element in the body - iron An example of a catabolic process is - hydrolysis Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called - bases The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a ______\ reaction - Synthesis Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body - Zinc The study of metabolism includes examination of - All of the above (catabolism, anabolism, ATP requirements) The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: - one proton and two neutrons

A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a - electron Acids - All of the above are true (proton donors, taste sour, release hydrogen) Atomic mass is determined by the number of - protons and neutrons The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction - decomposition Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element - Helium AB + CD --> AD + CB is an example of a ______ reaction - exchange Which of the following represents properties of water - High specific heat, High heat of vaporization, Strong polarity An example of catabolic process is - hydrolysis An ionic bond is formed by - a positive and negative ion attracting each other A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. - 12; 13; 10

The indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called - Caveolae Which organelles consists of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus - lysosomes The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called: - microvilli The largest human cell, measuring about 150 um is a - Female sex cell or ovum The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called: - microvilli DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle? - nucleus Which of the following is not true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum - It makes lipids and carbohydrates. A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the - flagellum Which cell fiber serves as part of our cellular muscles - microfilament The _______ is often called the microtubule organizing center - centrosome

Granules or threads within the nucleus are called - chromatin Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells - immune cells The nucleus is the only structure in the cell that contains DNA - False Lysosomes perform autophagy. This means that they - Break down proteins and cytoplasm that are not needed by self eating Damage to the centrosome centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function

• cell division Which of the following does not describe a structure or function of the proteasome - All of the above are structures or functions of proteasomes. ATP production occurs within which organelle - mitochondrion Which of the following organelles is considered a non membranous organelle - ribosome Main cell structures include all of the following except - interstitial fluid The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily - cholesterol

Skin cells are held tightly together by - desmosomes The inner membrane of what double membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae - mitochondrion The fundamental organizational unit of life is the - cell Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called - Cilia In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecules - Faces the exterior of the cell, faces the interior of the cell The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the - glycoprotein molecules Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins - All of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins. Which of the following is not true about ribosomes - Surrounded by a membrane structure Which are the organelles that allowed the recycling of amino acids in the cell - Proteasomes Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Provides a site for ribosome attachment Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue -

cardiac The mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the - cerumen The basic determinant of skin color is - melanin Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue - cardiac The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick ________ layer - reticular The union of basal and fibroreticular laminar forms the - Basement membrane The structure that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body is the - Hypodermis Adipose tissue is - A storage tissue Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis - stratum corneum The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands. They are the __________ glands. - sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous Which type of tissue has cube shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules -

simple cuboidal epithelium The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is - connective Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a - matrix The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called - extracellular matrix Around the sixth month of pregnancy, the developing fetus is almost entirely covered by a fine soft hair coat called thee - Lanugo Which of the following is an example of a serous membrane - pleura, peritoneum, pericardium The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____membranes - Synovial The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and - epidermis A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called - mucus The _______ junction "glues" the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis - Dermoepidermal

Which of the following tissues lack a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly - cartilage The external ear is composed of - elastic cartilage Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the - arrector pili muscle Which of the following contains osteocytes - bone Besides water, extracellular matrix contains - proteins and proteoglycans Mesoderm interacts with endoderm and ectoderm to give rise to - All of the above Of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant - collagen Which of the following contains intercalated disks - cardiac muscle The two major categories of body membranes are - epithelial and connective The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the - neuron Which of the following is a bone in the axial skeleton -

vertebra What structures firmly hold the foot bones firmly in their arched position - Ligaments and tendons Which of the following in not a bone in the leg - Mandible Which of the following is a facial bone - zygomatic bone The bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull is the - mandible Spongy bone is characterized by - open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. Which two bones compose the shoulder girdle - clavicle and scapula The human skeleton system consists of two divisions they are - axial and appendicular The extracellular components of bone matrix are - hard and calcified Why are the last two pairs of false ribs designated as floating - Floating ribs do not attach even indirectly to the sternum The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the - Pubic symphysis

The main shaft like portion of a long bone is the - diaphysis Anteriorly, each rib of the first seven pairs attaches to the - sternum Cartilage is classified as _____ tissue. - connective The bone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the - Hyoid Where would you find a tarsal bone - Foot Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist - carpals Which bone is located on the posterior aspect of the skull - Occipital Fibrocartilage can be found in the - Shmphysis pubis Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal - fontanels The two bones that form the framework for the forearm are the - radius and ulna

The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the - periosteum If you are working on an archeological dig and find the remains of a human pelvis with subpubic angle of 110 degrees, you can assume that this pelvis belongs to a - Female The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger shaped bone called the - sternum Compact bone contains many cylinder shaped structural inside called the - Osteons Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body - Femur Of the five metacarpal bones that form the framework of the hand. The _______ metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpal bones - thumb The very small bone that lies just posterior and lateral to each nasal bone is the - lacrimal ________ fibers are present in all three types of cartilage, but they are most numerous in fibrocartilage - collagenous Which lower leg bones is smaller and is located laterally - Fibula Muscles that move the upper arm originate on the -

clavicle and scapula The muscle that flexes the semiprivate or semisupinated forearm is the - Brachioradialis The muscles assisting in rotating the arm outward are the - There's minor The Achilles tendon is common to both the gastrocnemius and the soleus - True Most muscles span a join - True Fascia is a general term for the fibrous connective tissue found under the skin and around muscle - Term The linea alba is a band of connective tissue that runs over the rectus abdominjs from the diploid process to the pubis - True Which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane - transverse abdominis There are more than 600 muscles in the body - True Sternocleidomastoid muscle is an example of a muscle named for its - points of attachment Movement is one of the most distinctive and easily observed characteristics of life -

True The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the - opponens pollicis Another name for a spinster muscle is a ______ muscle - Circular Which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle - pectoralis minor The most common type of lever in the body is a ______ class lever - Third The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. It's fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name - Flexor The covering of individual muscle fibers is the - endomysium The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia when it contracts it bends the knee. Which of the following is true - The knee is acting as a fulcrum Which of the following statements about the muscles of the head is incorrect - The splenius capitis muscle is sometimes called the prayer muscle because it causes the head to bow. The action of the brachialis muscle is to _____ the forearm - Flex

Which of the following is not a group of pennants muscles - Tripennate Muscles located on the lower leg move the - Foot The prime mover can also be called the - Agonist Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the foot - Sartorius When an athlete injures muscles of the hamstring group, the injury is on the - Posterior thigh Which of the following muscles does not move the upper arm - Trapezius The pectoral is major muscle is an example of a _______ muscle - Convergent Poor posture puts abnormal strain on bones and may eventually produce deformities - True The muscles that's extend and adducts the arm is the - Latissimus Doris Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ________ of our body weight - Nerves that contain mostly efferent fibers are called _______ nerves -

Sensory In the human nervous system - there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. Fassicles are held together by connective tissue layer called - perineurium Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve - endoneurium A neuron that transmits a nerve impulses toward the central nervous system is called a - Sensory neuron Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system - All of the above are functions Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all the following reasons except - microglia lay down scar tissue. The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system - carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. Most unipolar neurons are usually - sensory neurons One of the components of the blood brain barrier is - astrocytes Which is not true of the myelin sheath - It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord

The nervous system is organized to do which of the following - All of the above are true The white matter of the nervous system is made up of - myelinated fibers Gray matter in the rain and spinal cord consists primarily of - Cell bodies Dendrites conduct impulses _______ cell bodies - toward The part of the nervous system that transmits from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the - Somatic nervous system Which is true of a reflex arc - It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron. The nervous system can be divided - in all of the above ways Interneurons reside in the - CNS only The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate - skeletal muscles Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood brain barrier - dopamine

The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the - astrocytes Multipolar neurons have - multiple dendrites and one axon The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consists of the _______ nervous systems - sympathetic and parasympathetic Astrocytes attach to l - Neurons and blood vessels A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a - multipolar neuron Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: - dendrite, cell body, axon The lymphatic system, like the circulatory system is closed circuit - True Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have - neurilemma Small distinct regions of gray better in the CNS are called - Nuclei The innermost layer of the meninges is the - pia mater The parts of the cerebrum associated with anger fear and sorrow is the -

Lambic system The sensory cranial nerves include only the - olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic factors - True The brainstem does not include the - cerebellum The lumbar plexus gives rise to the wet nerve - Femoral The cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the - accessory The cervical plexus - All of the above The autonomic nervous system includes only efferent neurons - False The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the what cranial - Tenth Axon terminals that secrete a septic are called collagenic terminals - True The peripheral nervous system includes - only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches.

Which of the following is not true of the lateral corticospinal tract fiber - Most inhabit the lower motor neuron The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of. The cranial bone is the - dura mater Which of the following is not a branch of the trigememinial nerve - Zygomatic nerve The main divisions of the central nervous system are the - brain and spinal cord A patient complains of numbness in the skin of the buttocks in the posterior surface of the thigh leg the spinal nerve or prefile branch most likely involved with his condition is the - Coccygeal The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of - 31 Small branches from the cervical plexus joint which two cranial nerves - Hypoglassal accessory Which of the following is not true - One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord. Beta receptors - bind norepinephrine All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS - False

Cerebrospinal fluid circulated through the ventricles into the central canal and ______ and is absorbed back - Subarachnoid space Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs - True The spinal tract is located on the side of the cord originates in the brain and terminates in the spinal cord in the - Lateral corticospinal Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin - pineal gland Parasympathetic neurons cell bodies are located in - Nuclei of the brainstem in the lateral gray column of the sacral cord The pyramids are formed in the - medulla The area specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in - About 90% of the population Several vital centers are located in the - medulla Receptors for hearing are located in the - cochlear duct